LA - Synonyms Simplify

Transcription

1 LA - Synonyms Simplify Goal: To provide students with a basic understanding of the concept of green chemistry and the scientific terminology used in the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry. Objectives: Students will Become familiar with the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry. Rewrite the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry in easier terms. Practice simplifying complex definitions by deciphering common sayings. Utilize a glossary and thesaurus as a reference tool. Materials (for a class of 32): 32 copies of Synonyms Simplify Student Sheet 1 32 copies of Synonyms Simplify Student Sheet 2 32 copies of Synonyms Simplify Key Terms Glossary & Thesaurus Pencils or pens Students will need access to dictionaries Optional: PowerPoint presentation Introduction to Green Chemistry Time Required: minute class period Standards Met: S3, S6, S7, LA6 Green Chemistry Principles Addressed: 1 12 Procedure: IN CLASS Hand out the Synonyms Simplify Student Sheets 1 and 2. Discuss how scientists use scientific terminology when they explain concepts or ideas. Define synonym (a word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another word or other words in a language). Explain to students that they will be using synonyms to make complicated terminology easier. As a group, complete the first example on the student sheet. Have the students do Activity 1. Be sure that they have access to a dictionary. You may want to split the students into groups and have them work on just one or two of the definitions. Review and discuss the concepts behind green chemistry. o You may want to refer to the PowerPoint that students watched in science class on Day 1. Have the students do Activity 2. You may want to have students work in groups on just one or two of the principles and then share out their results as a group.

2 Have students identify terms they know and terms they want to know for each of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry. Hand out the Synonyms Simplify Key Terms Glossary & Thesaurus. Assign each of the 12 principles to a pair or group of students. Have students use the Synonyms Simplify Key Terms Glossary & Thesaurus to translate the 12 principles into new terminology. After the students have finished Activity 2, have them share their translation of the 12 principles. Record translations as a group and individually. Have students infer meanings for the terms they identified as want to know while groups share their translations. Make sure that each student has a definition in layman s terms that makes sense for each of the 12 principles. Alert students to the Green Chemistry Seal on this worksheet and have them place one example from the group in their company binder. Assessment: Completion of the Synonyms Simplify Student Sheets 1 and 2 Use the Synonyms Simplify Teacher Key to grade Synonyms Simplify Student Sheet 1

3 Synonyms Simplify Student Sheet 1 Activity 1 Many scientists seem to use complicated terminology (big words) that is difficult for the average person to understand. Below is a list of common sayings that have been written using scientific terminology. Try to match them to the common language using the vocabulary list and a dictionary. Scientific Terminology 1. Homo sapiens who reside in vitreous domiciles should not launch geological pieces. 2. Avians of similar plumage congregate in mutual congregations. 3. This is a case of the boiling vessel designating the cauldron deficient in illumination. 4. A lupine in ovine s insulation. 5. May the superior XY genetic makeup rise to the pinnacle of success. 6. The preveniet passerine obtains the annelid. 7. Panthera pardus is incapable of mutating its pigmentation. 8. The chirography instrument is more invincible than the laceration implement. 9. Being dilatory and unremitting provides triumph in the acceleration contest. 10. He has chiroptera residing in his tonal tower. Common Language This is the case of the pot calling the kettle black. May the best man win. A leopard will never change its spots People who live in glass houses should not throw stones. The early bird gets the worm. The pen is mightier than the sword. He has bats in his belfry. Slow and steady wins the race. Birds of a feather flock together. A wolf in sheep s clothing.

4 Synonyms Simplify Student Sheet 2 Activity 2: 12 Principles in Your Own Words Green chemistry is based upon 12 basic principles, which are listed below. Using these principles, rewrite each of them using your own, more simplified terminology. The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry 1. Design chemical syntheses to prevent waste, leaving no waste to treat or clean up. 2. Design chemical products to be fully effective, yet have little or no toxicity. 3. Design syntheses to use and generate substances with little or no toxicity to humans and the environment. 4. Use raw materials and feedstocks that are renewable rather than depleting. Renewable feedstocks are often made from agricultural products or are the wastes of other processes; depleting feedstocks are made from fossil fuels (petroleum, natural gas, or coal) or are mined.

5 5. Minimize waste by using catalytic reactions. Catalysts are used in small amounts and can carry out a single reaction many times. They are preferable to stoichiometric reagents, which are used in excess and work only once. 6. Avoid using blocking or protecting groups or any temporary modifications if possible. Derivatives use additional reagents and generate waste. 7. Design syntheses so that the final product contains the maximum proportion of the starting materials. There should be few, if any, wasted atoms. 8. Avoid using solvents, separation agents, or other auxiliary chemicals. If these chemicals are necessary, use innocuous chemicals. 9. Run chemical reactions at ambient temperature and pressure whenever possible. 10. Design chemical products to break down to innocuous substances after use so that they do not accumulate in the environment.

6 11. Include in-process real-time monitoring and control during syntheses to minimize or eliminate the formation of byproducts. 12. Design chemicals and their forms (solid, liquid, or gas) to minimize the potential for chemical accidents including explosions, fires, and releases to the environment.

7 Synonyms Simplify Key Terms Glossary & Thesaurus Accumulate Agent (also see Separation Agents Ambient (Pressure & Temperature) Auxiliary Blocking or Protecting Groups Byproduct Catalyst, Catalytic reactions Deplete, depleting Derivatives Eliminate Verb. To gather something together or collect something; Also to increase over a period of time Syn. Build up, collect, gather, store up Noun. A force or substance, such as a chemical, that causes change Syn. Modifying chemical, extra ingredient Noun. The temperature and the pressure of the surrounding environment. (based on ambient meaning `surrounding') Syn. Surroundings, settings, environment, atmosphere Adj. Not the primary or major, it is less important than; Also a second source or option; acts in a supporting or backup role; item that is added, but is not essential (based on the meaning help ) Syn. Extra, added, additional, Noun. A chemical blocking agent, or the protecting group, prevents a reaction from occurring; Used as a stepping-stone, in a process- like a referee calling a time-out during a game. Syn. Extra chemicals that temporarily change or stop things Noun. Incidential product; Something extra made as a result of making an item Syn. Result, left-over, extra end product, side-effect, derivative Noun. A reaction that happens faster because a catalyst, or added substance, has been added; in a chemical reaction, the catalyst just makes it happen faster, but does not change the final results. Something that causes an important event to happen. Syn. Agitator, stimulant, spur, urge, inspiration, kick Transitive Verb. To use up or reduce something, for example, supplies, resources, or energy. To empty something. Syn. Drain, use up, exhaust, reduce, decrease Noun. Something that has developed from something else that is similar to it. A chemical substance that can be made from another related substance. Syn. Offshoot, by-product, result, end product Transitive Verb. To remove something, or destroy something Syn. Get rid of, remove, take away, do away with

8 Excess Feedstock Generate Innocuous In-Process Minimize Modification Potential Proportion Raw Materials Reagents Release (n.) Noun. An amount or quantity that is more than normal or sufficient; more than enough, or that is usual, required, or allowed Syn. Surplus, overkill, extra, leftover, additional, spare, too much Noun. A type of chemical material, that comes from fossil fules, that is used for an industrial process; Type of raw material from fossil fuel Syn. Supplies, raw materials, starting materials Verb. To create or bring something into existence; To produce energy through a chemical or physical process Syn. Make, produce, create Adj. Harmless in effect; not intended to cause offense or provoke a strong reaction; Having no adverse, or bad, effect Syn. Harmless, safe, mild, innocent Adj. Underway, in the process of happening; During manufacturing, in the process of being manufactured Syn. Underway, happening, ongoing, on track, in progress Verb. To reduce something to the lowest possible amount, Syn. Reduce, decrease, diminish, lessen, lower Noun. A slight change or alteration made to improve something Syn. Alteration, change, adjustment, adapt, revise Noun. Something that can become actual; the ability for future development or acheivement Syn. Likely, possible, probable, ability Noun. A part of the whole amount; Syn. Percent, amount, part, section, fraction, portion Noun. Natural resource, or an unprocessed material that is used in a manufacturing process; Something potentially useful. May be a mineral deposit, timber, or water. Syn. Supplies, starting or basic materials Noun. A substance taking part in a chemical reaction, especially one added to find, measure, or prepare another substance Syn. Added substance, detecting substance Noun. The act or the thing, that has been set free; the emission of something from the place where it is made, into the atmosphere or environment Syn. Discharge, emission, secretion, flow

9 Renewable Separation Agents (also see Agent ) Solvent Stoichiometric Adj. Able to be replaced or regrown (renewed); able to be sustained or renewed forever, either because of unlimited uspplies or because of new growth; can regenerate or form again Syn. Limitless, never ending, unlimited, vast, able to grow back Noun. Chemicals that can separate substances or solutions, often used to make or purify a desired or valuable product Syn. Purifying chemical, extra ingredient Noun. Something that is able to dissolve something else; a substance, often a liquid, in which other substances are dissolved, forming a solution Syn. Able to dissolvable things Adj. Type of chemistry that measures and alters substances that combine when a chemical reaction takes place; A measure of the relative proportions of the chemical elements in a chemical reaction Syn. Chemical proportion, exchanging chemicals Syntheses/Synthesis Noun. The result of combining different elements or ingredients; often forming comples compounds through a series of one or more chemical reactions involving simpler substances Syn. Mixture, creation, manufacture, production, blend Toxicity Adj. Degree of poisionusness; capablity of bing poisiounus to somebody or something Syn. Poisonous, dangerous, harmful, lethal, deadly

10 Synonyms Simplify Teacher Key Activity 1 Many scientists seem to use complicated terminology (big words) that is difficult for the average person to understand. Below is a list of common saying that have been written using scientific terminology. Try to match them to the common language using the vocabulary list and a dictionary. Scientific Terminology 1. Homo sapiens who reside in vitreous domiciles should not launch geological pieces. 2. Avians of similar plumage congregate in mutual congregations. 3. This is a case of the boiling vessel designating the cauldron deficient in illumination. Common Language People who live in glass houses should not throw stones. Birds of a feather flock together. This is the case of the pot calling the kettle black. 4. A lupine in ovine s insulation. A wolf in sheep s clothing. 5. May the superior XY genetic makeup rise to the pinnacle of success. 6. The preveniet passerine obtains the annelid. 7. Panthera pardus is incapable of mutating its pigmentation. 8. The chirography instrument is more invincible than the laceration implement. 9. Being dilatory and unremitting provides triumph in the acceleration contest. 10. He has chiroptera residing in his tonal tower. May the best man win. The early bird gets the worm. A leopard will never change its spots The pen is mightier than the sword. Slow and steady wins the race. He has bats in his belfry. Activity 2: Answers will vary