baking soda a solid material in the form of a white powder; also called sodium bicarbonate (IG)
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1 FOSS Mixtures and Solutions Module Glossary NGSS Edition 2019 analyze to examine carefully (IG) atmosphere the layer of gases surrounding Earth (air) baking soda a solid material in the form of a white powder; also called sodium bicarbonate (IG) bends a condition that causes pain in deep-sea divers arms and legs after returning to the surface boiling point the temperature at which liquid turns to gas. The boiling point of water is 100 C. caisson a large box with no bottom. These boxes were used to provide environments for workers underwater. calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) a solid material; powdered chalk (IG) calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) a white solid material that absorbs water from the air (IG) carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) a compound made from carbon and oxygen (SRB, IG) chalk a solid material; one form of calcium carbonate (IG) change to make different chemical reaction the process in which two or more substances combine to make one or more new substances that have different properties from the original ones (SRB, IG) chemist a person trained in chemistry citric acid a white, crystalline solid acid found in citrus fruits (SRB, IG) climate the average or typical weather conditions in a region of the world collaboration when people work together (IG) compress to reduce in volume by applying pressure concentrated a solution containing a lot of solute (SRB, IG) concentration the ratio of solute to solvent in a solution (SRB, IG) condensation the change of state from gas to liquid (SRB, IG) consensus when everyone agrees (IG) conserve to stay constant during an interaction. Matter can change, but it s always conserved. FOSS Mixtures and Solutions Module Vocabulary/Glossary Terms, NGSS Edition of 5
2 constraint a restriction or limitation (SRB, IG) construct to make or build (IG) criteria a standard for evaluating or testing something (SRB, IG) crystal a natural form of a substance. Crystal shape is also a physical property that helps to identify a substance. (SRB, IG) decompression the change from higher pressure to lower pressure Degree Celsius ( C) the unit of temperature in the metric system. Water freezes at 0 C and boils at 100 C density mass per unit volume (SRB, IG) desalination the process of separating the water from the salt in ocean water (SRB, IG) diatomaceous earth the skeletal remains of microscopic aquatic organisms (diatoms) (SRB, IG) dilute a solution containing little solute (SRB, IG) dissolve the process of a substance becoming incorporated uniformly into another (SRB, IG) energy the ability to make things happen. Energy can take a number of forms, such as heat and light. engineer a scientist who designs and builds systems that result in new products or solve problems (SRB, IG) Epsom salts a white, crystalline solid used for medical or healing purposes (IG) equal volumes comparing equivalent amounts of two solutions to determine which is more concentrated (IG) evaporate when water in a material dries up or goes into the air or the change of state from liquid to gas evaporation the change of state from a liquid to a gas (SRB, IG) explosion a fast reaction that produces heat, light, and sound energies, and a lot of gas extract a solution of substances dissolved out of organic material (SRB, IG) filter a tool used to separate small particles and water (IG) fossil fuels the preserved remains of organisms that lived long ago and changed into oil, coal, and natural gas freeze change of state from liquid to solid as a result of cooling (SRB, IG) freezing point the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid. The freezing point of water is 0 C. FOSS Mixtures and Solutions Module Vocabulary/Glossary Terms, NGSS Edition of 5
3 gas a state of matter that is shapeless and expands to fill any closed container it is placed in (SRB, IG) gaseous existing in the gas state (not a solid or liquid) gravel rocks that are smaller than pebbles (IG) greenhouse gas a gas, such as carbon dioxide, that contributes to the warming of the atmosphere herbicide a poison intended to kill plants impermeable not allowing substances to pass through insoluble incapable of being dissolved. Calcium carbonate is insoluble in water. (IG) layer a single thickness of a material (IG) less dense less mass per unit volume (IG) liquid a state of matter that flows and takes the shape of the container it is in magnet an object that sticks to or attracts iron or steel (IG) magnetism the ability to attract iron mass a quantity of matter (SRB, IG) matter anything that has mass and takes up space melt to change state from a solid to a liquid state as a result of warming (SRB, IG) methane the main ingredient in natural gas mixture two or more substances together (SRB, IG) model an explanation or representation of an object, system, or process that cannot be easily studied (SRB, IG) more dense more mass per unit volume (IG) nitrogen a colorless, odorless gas that makes up about 78 percent of Earth s atmosphere (air) oceanographer a scientist who studies the chemistry and geology of the ocean osmosis the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane in a solution with a higher solute concentration until the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal osmotic pressure a force that drives water molecules through a semipermeable membrane oxygen a colorless, odorless gas that makes up about 21 percent of Earth s atmosphere (air) particle a very small piece or part FOSS Mixtures and Solutions Module Vocabulary/Glossary Terms, NGSS Edition of 5
4 permeable allowing liquid and gas substances to pass through phase change a change from one state (solid, liquid, or gas) to another (IG) physical property a characteristic that describes a substance, such as color, size, shape, and texture powder a solid material made up of tiny granules (IG) precipitate a new substance that forms and settles out of a liquid (IG) pressure the force exerted by an object or fluid on something else product the substance(s) produced in a chemical reaction (SRB, IG) property a characteristic that describes a substance, such as color, size, shape, or texture (IG) radioactivity the process by which certain elements emit radiation rain liquid water that is condensed from water vapor in the atmosphere and falls to Earth in drops ratio the comparison of two (or more) parts of a whole reactant one of the starting substance(s) in a chemical reaction (SRB, IG) reverse osmosis the process of using pressure to push pure water out of a salt solution using a semipermeable membrane revise to change a model to improve it (IG) room temperature how hot or cold it is in an indoor space. Room temperature is 22 C. salt table salt. A white crystalline solid that dissolves in water. Its chemical name is sodium chloride. (SRB, IG) saturated when the solvent cannot dissolve any more solute saturated solution a solution where the solvent cannot dissolve any more solute (IG) scale something divided into regular parts to use as a tool for measuring. Rulers and thermometers both use scales. screen wire mesh used to separate large and small objects (IG) semipermeable membrane a filter that allows water to pass through it but does not let dissolved materials pass through it separate to take apart (IG) FOSS Mixtures and Solutions Module Vocabulary/Glossary Terms, NGSS Edition of 5
5 siphon a tube that moves liquid out of a container by gravity, provided the outflow end is lower than the intake end (IG) sodium chloride the chemical name for table salt solid a state of matter that has a definite shape solubility the property a substance has of dissolving solvents, such as the solubility of salt in water (IG) soluble capable of being dissolved. Table salt is soluble in water. (SRB, IG) solute a substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution (SRB, IG) solution a mixture formed when one or more substances dissolve in another (SRB, IG) solvent a substance in which a solute dissolves to form a solution (SRB, IG) substance a pure material that is not a mixture (SRB, IG) supersaturated when a solution contains more solute than it normally would at a given temperature or pressure (SRB, IG) temperature a measure of how hot or cold matter is transfer to pass from one place to another. Heat energy transfers to make solids melt. transparent clear; describes something through which you can see an image clearly (SRB, IG) volume three-dimensional space water vapor water in its gas state (SRB, IG) FOSS Mixtures and Solutions Module Vocabulary/Glossary Terms, NGSS Edition of 5
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