Unit 13 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases? Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Transcription

1 Unit 13 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases? Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

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3 What s the Matter? Matter has mass and volume. It cannot be created or destroyed. Mass is the amount of matter in something. Volume is the space something takes up. Here s a riddle for you: Which has more mass, a kilogram of feathers or a kilogram of sand?

4 What s the Matter? Classwork 1 Question :1

5 Matter Has Properties What physical properties can you tell about these apples?

6 Matter Has Properties All matter has physical properties. You can observe a physical property without changing the matter into a new substance. Odor, texture, and color are some physical properties.

7 Matter Has Properties Classwork 1 Question :2

8 More Properties Physical properties that can be measured: 1-Temperature is a measure of the energy of motion of the particles in matter. Temperature can be measured by using a thermometer.

9 More Properties 2-Volume: is the amount of space something takes up. Many tools can be used to measure volume.(?) 3-Mass: is the amount of matter in an object. Mass can be measured by using a balance.

10 More Properties Which plate has more volume? Which ball has more mass?

11 More Properties Classwork 1 Question :3

12 More Properties Density is another physical property of matter. Density is found by dividing the mass of an object by its volume.

13 More Properties Why balloons float in the air?

14 More Properties Classwork 1 Question :4

15 States of Matter Another physical property of matter is its state. Solid, liquid, and gas are the most common states of matter on Earth.

16 States of Matter Classwork 1 Question :5

17 States of Matter Matter is made up of tiny particles. The particles in solids, liquids, and gases have different amounts of energy. The amount of energy affects how fast the particles move and how close together they are.

18 States of Matter As you observe and read, name 3 things that are being compared. A solid is a substance with a definite shape and volume. A liquid is a substance that has a definite volume but does not have a definite shape. A gas is a substance that does not have a definite shape or volume.

19 States of Matter The shape and volume of something depends on its state. The particles in a solid do not move from place to place. Because the particles in a solid cannot move, it has the same (definite) shape and volume no matter what container it is in.

20 States of Matter The particles in a liquid move more free than the solid particles but cannot move as freely as particles in a gas. The particles in liquids slide past one another, so a liquid takes the shape of its container. The particles in liquids cannot move very far from one another. So, a liquid has the same (definite) volume no matter what container it is in.

21 States of Matter Gas particles are far apart. They can move around without affecting one another. Gases take the shape and volume of their container. The gas particles spread out to fill the container.

22 States of Matter Classwork 1 Question :6

23 States of Matter Classwork 2 Question :1

24 A Matter of Temperature The temperature of matter changes when it takes in or releases energy. Changes in the amount of energy in matter can cause the matter to change state.

25 A Matter of Temperature When a gas releases energy, its temperature goes down until it condenses, or changes to a liquid. When a liquid releases energy, its temperature goes down until it freezes, or changes to a solid. When a solid takes in energy, its temperature rises until it melts, or changes to a liquid. When a liquid takes in energy, its temperature rises until it evaporates, or changes to a gas.

26 A Matter of Temperature Classwork 2 Question :2

27 A Matter of Temperature Evaporation is slower and happens only at a liquid s surface Both boiling and evaporation turn liquids into gases. Boiling is faster and happens throughout the liquid

28 A Matter of Temperature Describe how heat energy is released or absorbed.

29 A Matter of Temperature Classwork 2 Question :3 Liquid Gas Evaporate Melt Condense Increase Energy

30 A Matter of Temperature The temperature at which a certain type of matter freezes or melts is the same. For water, the melting and freezing points are 0 C. The temperature at which a certain type of matter condenses or boils is the same. Liquid water boils at 100 C. Water vapor condenses at 100 C. Evaporation can happen at temperatures below the boiling temperature.

31 Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases Each state of matter has different physical properties. Liquids and gases can flow. Different liquids may flow at different rates. Gases can expand, taking up more space, or compress, taking up less space. Solids have definite textures and shapes. The shape of some solids can be changed easily.

32 Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases Classwork 2 Question :4 Each state of matter has unique properties Textures Compressed Solids Liquids flow

33 Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases Classwork 2 Question :5 Temperature Compress Volume Freeze Mass Density Texture Solid Liquid Gas Matter

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