Scientific Reasoning, logic and the nature of science
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1 Review Packet for Science SOL Scientific Reasoning, logic and the nature of science 1. What is the SI (metric) measurement for: a. Length b. Mass c. Volume d. Density e. Temperature f. Weight g. Force 2. What is the total amount of grams (mass) shown below? What is the amount of liquid (ml) in this graduated cylinder? 5. How much force is being used to lift this object?
2 6. How long is this object? 7. What is the temperature? 8. What is the volume?
3 9. A block of aluminum will be used to determine the density of aluminum. If the block measures 2 cm 3 cm 6 cm, what is its volume? 10. If an object has a mass of 100g and a volume of 10cm 3, what is it s density? 11. If this object has a mass of 100 g, what is it s density? 12. The International System of Units (SI) is a standardized system of measurement used to express fundamental quantities in metric units. Which of the following metric units are used to measure the fundamental quantities of length, mass, and weight, respectively, in the SI system? a. liter, gram, pounds b. foot, pound, calories c. meter, kilogram, Newtons d. meter, ounce, pounds Metric conversions 1. Write the prefix that goes with each part of this phrase: a. King b. Henry c. Died d. By e. Drinking f. Chocolate g. Milk K H D B D C M 2. If you have 20 grams of a substance, how many kilograms is that? 3. If an object is 10 meters long, how many dekameters is it? 4. How many miligrams are in a hectogram? 5. How many deciliters are in a liter?
4 Data Analysis 1. A student does an experiment that measures the temperature at which water freezes when different amounts of salt are mixed in. a. What is the independent variable in the experiment? b. What is the dependent variable? 2. You have designed an experiment to test whether stretching a spring farther will cause it to shoot a marble a greater distance. You record the distances the spring is stretched, and the distances the marble travels with each release. a. Name the independent variable. b. Name the dependent variable. c. Name the variable you would graph on the x- axis. d. Name the variable you would graph on the y- axis. 3. Write an X next to each hypothesis that could be tested by experiment. a. Steeper ramps result in higher speeds. b. Red apples taste better than green apples. c. Alien life forms are hiding on Earth. d. A parallel universe exists that cannot be detected. 4. Jaden measured the mass of a 2002 penny on a mass balance 4 different times. Kylie repeated the same measurement 4 times using the same penny and the same mass balance. Their results are shown below: Trial Jaden Kylie g 2.51 g g 2.5 g g 2.49 g g 1.70 g a. What is the mean (average) of Jaden s measurements? b. Of Kylie s measurements? c. What is the range of Jaden s data? d. How many trials did each student perform? 5. A large number of iron nails were kept in containers in a humid room. Some of the containers were open, and some were airtight. Sixty percent of the nails kept in open containers developed rust. Which of the following would be MOST important to know in order to draw a conclusion about whether the humidity might have contributed to the rusting? a. the percentage of nails weakened by the rusting b. the precise number of nails kept in airtight containers c. the percentage of nails in airtight containers that also developed rust d. the precise number of nails kept in the open containers
5 6. You are experimenting to see how different colors of light will affect the growth of 5 plants. You use red, blue, green, orange and yellow light. Name 5 things you would want to keep constant to make sure it was the light that affected growth. 7. Suggest a control for the experiment above. Matter 1. Matter has m and v. Matter takes up s. 2. The Particle Theory of Matter says: a. All matter is made up of A b. Atoms are constantly m c. Atoms have s between them d. As temperature increases matter moves e. Atoms of the same element are i f. Atoms of different elements are d 3. Identify the following as: a. Elements b. Compounds c. Mixtures 1. Can be separated by physical means 2. Tossed salad 3. Are bonded chemically. H2O for example 4. Are made up of only one kind of atom 5. C6 6. C6H12O6 7. Can only be separated by a chemical process 8. Are either metals, non- metals or metalloids 4. When an acid neutralizes a base, s and w are formed. 5. Identify the following as: a. Solids b. Liquids c. Gases d. Plasma 1. Atoms vibrate but don t move freely 2. Is formed by freezing
6 3. Has no definite shape or fixed volume 4. Has a definite shape and volume 5. Has volume by no definite shape 6. Atoms move very fast 7. Atoms move faster than in a solid 8. A gas that has an electromagnetic field and a charge 6. Identify the following as: a. Condensation b. Vaporization c. Melting d. Freezing 1. A gas cools, atoms slow down and the matter becomes a liquid 2. A solid heats, atoms speed up and the matter becomes a liquid 3. A liquid cools, atoms slow down and the matter becomes a solid 4. A liquid heats, atoms speed up and the matter becomes a gas 7. At what temperature does the substance below melt? (melting point) 8. At what temperature does it boil? (boiling point) 9. At what temperature does the gas condense? (condensation point) 10. At what temperature does the liquid freese? (freezing point) 11. On the Celsius thermometer, what temperature is boiling? 12. On the Celsius thermometer, what temperature is freezing? 13. On the Kelvin thermometer, what temperature is absolute zero? 14. What does absolute zero mean? 15. Identify the following as: a. conduction b. convection c. radiation 1. The sun warms a person
7 2. Heat rises and cold air sinks 3. Megan burns her hand from touching a hot stove 4. Ryan sits across from a radiator and feels warm 5. A spoon gets warm from sitting in a bowl of hot soup 6. A microwave oven heats food Discovery and Development of the Atomic Model 1. Match the following statements to the people/concepts below: a. Democritus b. John Dalton c. JJ Thomson d. Ernst Rutherford e. Neils Bohr f. Electron Cloud Model 1. Came up with the idea that electrons orbit the nucleus in pathways 2. The electrons orbit in clouds, not in neat pathways 3. Thought atoms were solid spheres 4. Discovered electrons and thought they were embedded in a soft atom 5. Came up with the idea of an atom 6. Discovered that atoms were mainly empty space with a positively charged nucleus in the center 7. The correct model of an atom 8. The 3- dimensional model of the atom 2. Name the three particles found in an atom and what kind of charge they have. 3. What two particles make up most of the mass of an atom? 4. What particle has little or no mass? 5. N and P are made up of tiny particles called Q 6. N is the study of atoms. Physical Properties of Matter 1. Define what a physical property is 2. List 8 physical properties of matter
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