Matter Study Guide. Important Vocabulary: Must be able to define and apply these words
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1 Matter Study Guide Objective: TEKS 4.5(a) The student knows that matter has measurable physical properties and those properties determine how matter is classified, changed, and used. The student is expected to: Measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float Stanford Identify basic characteristics of matter Make an inference based on an understanding of changes in properties of matter Use basic scientific instruments Identify the use of basic scientific instruments Important Vocabulary: Must be able to define and apply these words Matter: is anything that takes up space, has mass, and has properties that you can observe and describe Atoms: Are the basic building blocks of matter that make up everyday objects. A desk, the air, even you are made up of atoms. Proton: is part of the atom that carries a positive charge, located in the nucleus Neutron: is part of the atom that carries no charge, located in the nucleus Electron: is part of the atom that carries a negative charge, located outside the nucleus Physical Property: A trait of matter that can be measured or observed with the senses Senses: how one observes the matter (sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell) Classify: categorize, group (we can classify the students into two groups) Metric system: a system of measurement based on units of 10 Mass: is the amount of matter in an object, measured in grams (g) Triple Beam Balance Scale: is a scientific tool used to measure mass Weight: is the measure of the pull of gravity between and object an Earth, measured in Newtons (N) Spring Scale: is a scientific tool used to measure weight Volume: is the amount of space an object takes up, measured in milliliters (ml) Beaker: is a scientific tool used to measure volume Graduated Cylinder: is a scientific tool used to measure volume Thermometer: is a scientific tool used to measure how fast (hot) or slow (cold) the particles are moving (kinetic energy)
2 Temperature: a physical property related to the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules of a substance, measured in Celsius ( C) Ruler: is a scientific tool used to measure length, width, height, or diameter that is small in size Meter stick: is a scientific tool used to measure length, width, height, or diameter that is large in size Length: a physical property that is longest extent of anything as measured from end to end (how long an object is) Width: a physical property that is an extent from side to side (how wide an object is) Texture: a physical property, the visual and tactile quality of a surface: rough or smooth texture Solubility: a physical property, the ability to dissolve in another substance Buoyancy: a physical property, the ability or tendency to float in water or air or some other fluid (the upward force of water or air on an object) Magnetic: a physical property, capable of being attracted by or acquiring the properties of a magnet Density: a physical property, the amount of matter in a given area Opaque Impenetrable to light; not allowing light to pass through (can t see through it) Translucent: Permitting light to pass through but diffusing it so that persons, objects, etc., on the opposite side are not clearly visible Transparent: Permitting rays of light to pass through its substance so that bodies situated beyond or behind can be distinctly seen Solid: a form of matter that has a definite shape and takes up a definite amount of space Liquid: a form of matter that takes up a definite amount of space and has no definite shape Gas: a form of matter that does not take up a definite amount of space and has no definite shape Short Answer Questions: Must be able to answer the following questions: 1. What are the 3 states of matter? 2. What is the difference between mass and weight? 3. What happens to the particles as the temperature rises?
3 4. How are your senses important in classifying matter? 5. What property of water changes when you dissolve salt in it? 6. What should a hot-air balloonist do to go higher? What should she do to make her balloon come down? Study Content Information: Must be able to identify, organize, and label the following information Ruler 1 cm = 10 mm Metric System The metric system is based on 10s. Most of the world uses the metric system. The only countries not on this system are the U.S., Burma, Liberia, Muscat, and South Yemen.. Deci- means 10; 10 decimeters make a meter. Centi- means 100; 100 centimeters make a meter. Milli- means 1,000; 1,000 millimeters make a meter. Deka- means 10; a dekameter is 10 meters. Hecto- means 100; a hectometer is 100 meters. Kilo- means 1,000; a kilometer is 1,000 meters. 1 cm = 10 mm 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm 1 km = 1000 m Remember: A meter is a little more than a yard. A kilometer is less than a mile. A liter is a little more than a quart.
4 Triple Beam Balance Scale: Measures Mass Spring Scale: Measures Weight Mass vs. Weight Although one's mass is the same on Earth as on the Moon, one weighs more on Earth due to its stronger gravitational pull. You weight 1/6 on the moon.
5 States of Matter Solid Definite shape Definite volume Liquid Indefinite shape Definite volume Gas Indefinite shape Indefinite volume Atoms Five Senses
6 Thermometer A scientific tool used to measure how fast the particles are moving. The faster the particles are moving the warmer it is / the slower the particles are moving the cooler it is Measuring Unit 100 C Boiling Point of Water 0 C Freezing & Melting Point of Water
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