Applications of Fuel Cell Reactor in Electrocatalyze Reactions

Transcription

1 PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY Vol. 16 No. 3 May, 2004 ( ) 3 ( ) O64612 ; TM911 A X(2004) Applications of Fuel Cell Reactor in Electrocatalyze Reactions Song Haihua Wu Huixiong (School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin , China) Ma Haihong 3 ( Research and Development Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tiajin University, Tianjin , China) Abstract In order to produce valuable chemicals and electric energy at the same time, fuel cell type reactor ( FCR) has been proposed. The features of the FCR are (1) the energy of oxidation which is converted into potential en2 ergy between cathode and anode can be directly used as the electric power, therefore, it theoretically has high electrical efficiencies ; (2) reaction mixture were not directly mixed, so the safety is improved and gaseous combustion reaction is avoided ; (3) the activity of surface oxidant species on anode catalyst is controlled by applying external potential to the electrode catalysts so that partial oxidation reactions can be enhanced by many orders of magnitude. FCR is widely used in a variety of catalytic reactions on Pt, Pd, Ag, Ni, Au, IrO 2 and RuO 2 surfaces. In this paper, the principle of opera2 tion of three kinds of FCR, including sour fuel cell reactor, proton2exchange membrane fuel cell reactor, solid2oxide fuel cell reactor, is depicted, and a comparison between FCR and other conventional chemical reactors is made. Furthermore, the major problems which will be encountered in the industrialization of FCR are also discussed. Key words fuel cells ; reactors ; electrocatalyze ; electricity2generation 4 (FC), ] FC, 19,FC 20 70, 7, Langer ] , e2mail edu. cn [1, ], FC [2 [5

2 3 401 ;, H 2 NO2NH 3, NH 3 NH 2 2OH [8 ] (FCR) 1, [ R ] FCR,,FCR,,, e -,FCR [ R ] +, [O ] [9 13 ] P P FCR, FCR [ R] [ R] + e - [ R] + + [O] + e - P [ R] + [O] P + FCR FC, [14,15 ] FCR (AFCR 200 ), FCR OH - ; FCR (SFCR,100, 200 ), H + ; FCR ( PEMFCR, 100 ) H + ; FCR (MCFCR, ) 2 2 CO 2-3 ; ; FCR(SOFCR, ), O 2 - AFCR MCFCR ; SFCR PEMFCR SOFCR ( [16 20 ) ( 12 ) ] SFCR PEMFCR SOFCR 1 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the fuel cell type reactor 1,2 catalyst ; 3 anode ; 4 cathode ; 5 load ; 6 dielectric membrane (SFC) SFC

3 402 16,, Otsuka [22 ] PEMFCR PC25 (200kW), SFC SFC [23,24 ] SFCR ( PFCR) ; 2 PFCR 3 2 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the phosphoric acid fuel cell type reactor 1 anode ; 2 cathode ; 3 dielectric membrane ; 4 reductant ; 5 oxidant 2,PFCR 3 1, 2, 3 Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of the chlorhydric acid fuel cell reactor for the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide, 3, ;, Cl 2 H 2 ; HCl,HCl, ; Cl 2 2H 2 [21 ; ] Cl 2 2H 2, 1136V H 2 2O 2 Niedrach [25 ] Stafford [26 ] 1123V Cl 2 2H 2 SFCR, FCR SFCR ;Pt SFCR ;, ; Cl 2 ; H 2 2H e - Cl 2 + 2H e - 2HCl H 2 + Cl 2 2HCl + 1 cathode ; 2 anode ; 3 glass shell SFC,SFCR,,

4 SFCR ] Otsuka, [21 ] PEMFCR 4 SFCR PEMFCR 4, Nafion ; Pt, Pt Pd Au PEMFC 20 60, ; NASA H 2 2O 2 Nafion [27 ] PEMFC,,Ot2 80 suka [32 ],PEMFCR PEMFC, PEMFC,PEMFCR PEMFCR (PEMFCR) ( 100 ) ( ), PEMFCR P - P 80 SOFCR (SOFC) PEMFCR SFCR [33 40 ] SOFCR,PEMFCR,, (, ) [41,42 ] SOFCR,,, [28 90 % ] [5 ] ; PEMF2 CR ( H 2 S) ;, [33,34 ] SOFCR 4 1, 2 M( )PNafion2HPPt ( ),3 Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of the proton2exchange NH 3,NO,Pt (Rh) ZrO 3 (8mol,Y 2 O 3 ) Pt,air membrane fuel cell reactor for the synthesis , of hydrogen peroxide NO 97 % Pt 1 electromagnetic agitator, 2 M (cathode) P Nafion2H P Pt (anode), 3 acid solution [17,18,21,29, ;,SOFCR ;, SOFCR SOFCR NH 3 NO,NH 3 NO N 2

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