Inmaculada Rodríguez Ramos Nanostructured catalysts for sustainable chemical processes

Transcription

1 Inmaculada Rodríguez Ramos Nanostructured catalysts for sustainable chemical processes Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP) Institute of Catalysis and Petroleochemistry

2 Main Research Lines ENERGY LINE. Catalysts and catalytic processes for the production and transformation of energy resources. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION LINE. Catalysts and catalytic processes for pollutant abatement and disinfection. LINE OF SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF CHEMICALS. Catalysts and processes for the synthesis of commodities and high value added chemicals. Main general objective for the three research lines: to develop both advanced catalysts and innovative chemical processes.

3 FUEL CELLS. Sublines in the Energy Field PRODUCTION AND USES OF HYDROGEN. COMPETITIVE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF FUELS. The general objective of the Energy Line is the development of new catalysts and electrocatalysts for the chemical conversion of renewable energy resources into hydrogen, liquid fuels and chemicals. Such processes include biomass transformation into fuels and chemicals, upgrading of nonedible oils and glycerol, synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons from carbon oxides, and production of electricity in FCs using both H 2 and organic carriers.

4 Fuel Cells Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) Research, development and fabrication of FC Electrocatalysts Optimization of inorganic (Pt-based) electrodes Development of new active phases for substitution of platinum as main active metal (anode and cathode). Metalloenzimes-based electrodes: Development of interfaces for efficient electron transfer between metalloenzymes that activate H2 and O2 and electrodes as an alternative to Pt-based electrodes Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) New catalytic formulations for intermediate temperature direct fuel oxidation.

5 Biofuel cells M. Asuncion Alonso-Lomillo et al., NanoLetters 7 (2007) 1603.

6 Cu CeO 2 SOFC Cu Cu-M (Ce,M)O x CO 2 signal (a.u.) YSZ Cu-CeGd CuNi-Ce CuNi-CeGd CuNi-CeTb CH 4 -TPR Temperature (K) a.u CGO + # XRD + Cu # 2θ ( o ) Ni + + Ce 2 O 3 fluorite (Ce,M)O x # Cu-Ni alloy CuNi-Ce # CuNi-CeGd CuNi-CeTb A. Hornés et al. Journal of Power Sources 169 (2007) 9 16 and in press (doi: /j.jpowsour )

7 Production and uses of Hydrogen General projects dealing with hydrogen as clean energy vector as well as including full hydrocarbon or biofuel processing for production of hydrogen usable in fuel cells. Electrolysis of water/sacarose solutions. CO2-free alternatives. Visible-light water photodissociation. Diesel reforming. Natural gas catalytic decomposition. WGS or CO-PROX with Pt-free catalysts.

8 D. Gamarra et al. Journal of the American Chemical Society 129 (2007) Production and uses of Hydrogen CO-PROX ACTIVITY 0,5Cu 1Cu 3Cu 5Cu Ce 0,95 Cu 0,05 O 2 Ce 0,9 Cu 0,1 O 2 Ce 0,8 Cu 0,2 O ,5Cu 1Cu 3Cu 5Cu Ce 0,95 Cu 0,05 O 2 Ce 0,9 Cu 0,1 O 2 Ce 0,8 Cu 0,2 O 2 %Conversión de CO Selectividad Temperatura / K Ce 0.8 Cu 0.2 O 2 CuO Reduced interface Temperatura / K Massive copper oxide reduction CeO 2 CO+O 2 support H 2 +O 2

9 Production and uses of Hydrogen Fullerenes J. Álvarez-Rodríguez, unpublished results.

10 Carbon nanotubes based catalysts Conv (%) CNTs and N-doped CNTs T (ºC) Conversion in ammonia decomposition reaction ( ) RuCNTs-0, ( ) RuCNTs-N, ( ) RuCNTs-1 and ( ) RuCNTs-2 Selective confinement of discrete nanoparticles (NPs) in the CNT cavity. Carbon 44 (2006) Diamond & Related Materials 16 (2007) Nano Lett., 7, (2007) 1603 Catalytic performance in FT and CO-PROX.

11 Metal supported systems for abatements of organic pollutants in contaminated waters. Aniline and phenol oxidation in water. Phenol conversion (%) Reaction time (min) a 100 b In subsequent cycles the Fe/C ratio remains constant and the catalytic activity is almost equivalent during all reaction cycles. M. Soria et al, Carbon, in press. Mineralization (%) Reaction time (min) Evolution of (a) conversion and (b) mineralization with the reaction time in the CWAO of Phenol over: ( ) CNFs; ( ) ox/cnfs; ( ) acac/cnfs; ( ) Fe(II)-CNFs; ( ) Fe(II)-ox/CNFs; ( ) Fe(II)- acac/cnfs.

12 Sunlight excitation TiO2 modification: cationic/anionic doping Cationic: Fe, V (low loaded samples) Mo, W (high loaded samples) Anionic: N; self-doped samples Both: W-NW Rate / mol s -1 m Gas: Toluene W-N W x 3.0 x 3.3 conversion (%) [TOC] (%) Liquid: Phenol TiO 2 TiFe-0.4 TiFe-0.7 TiFe-1.5 TiFe-3.5 TiFe-5.1 TiO 2 -A Time (min) 1 TiO 2 (nano) TiO P % (W/(W+Ti)) (ICP-AAS analysis) Fe content (%) Intimate structure-activity link A. Kubacka Chem. Comm. 2001; Appl. Catal. B 72 (2007) 11; 74 (2007) 26

13 Self-sterilized Plastic Materials Cell Number / 10-4 mm EVOH 2AgTi, no UV 05Ti 05TiAg 2Ti 2TiAg 5Ti 5TiAg EVOH EVOH-Ti2 2 0 EVOH-Ti0.5 EVOH-Ti2 Capabilities strong germicidal (biofilm( biofilm) controlled self-degradation Optimum wt% EVOH-Ti5 Ag; visible-light light active materials EVOH-Ti5 Kubacka et al. Nano Letters 7 (2007) 2529 Advanced Functional Materials 18 (2008) 1949 Env. Sic. Technol.43 (2009) 1630; J. Phys. Chem. C (accepted).

14 Institute of Catalysis and Petroleochemistry