Automating Wet Chemical Analysis. William Lipps Market Specialist for Water Analyzer Products December 11, 2008

Transcription

1 Automating Wet Chemical Analysis William Lipps Market Specialist for Water Analyzer Products December 11, 2008

2 The advantages of automating wet chemical analysis. Save time Decrease cost Improve quality Reduce waste

3 The benefits of automating wet chemical analysis Do more samples Do more samples Do more samples

4 The economic advantage of automation is greater throughput. More Samples = More Money Silent Hours 3X Throughput

5 The simplest forms of automation are now common laboratory tools. Magnetic stirrer Auto filling burettes Vacuum filtration Bottle top dispensers

6 Almost any chemistry can be automated. Alkalinity Ammonia Chloride Nitrate Nitrite Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl (TKN) Phenolics ortho- Phosphate Total Phosphorus Silica Sulfide Sulfate

7 Automate the labor intensive extractions and digestions. Digestion Distillation Solvent extraction Gas diffusion Dialysis

8 Make your life easier by automating time consuming, manual methods. Detector

9 Automated methods should be easy and obtain better results. easy-to-use Better results Lower cost per test

10 Potential profit and cost savings is high. CATC OIA 1677 Wage $15 $15 Labor hours 4 1 Labor + OH $150 $37.5 Capacity (day) Per Test Price $25 $25 Potential Profit $100 $ 10, 360

11 Two important questions to answer before choosing an analyzer. Will I have a lot of samples for the same tests? Or, will I have a lot of tests for a few samples?

12 Two important automated chemistry technologies. Automated Wet Chemistry Continuous Flow Robotic SFA FIA Discrete

13 Continuous flow analyzers move liquid continuously through tubing. Continuous flowing stream Mixing coils Detector

14 Segmented Flow Analysis minimizes dispersion with air bubbles. Original Automated Analyzer Approved in regulatory test methods

15 The air bubbles minimize carryover from one segment to the next.

16 The air segments ensure mixing and maximum color formation.

17 The limited dispersion results in rectangular peaks with flat tops. Summation of Multiple Segments

18 A real example of segmented flow peaks

19 Segmented flow limits dispersion and enables steady state reactions. Low MDL Excellent Precision Steady state reactions Limited dispersion High throughput Easily expandable

20 Flow injection analysis injects sample into an unsegmented stream.

21 Flow injection does not segment with air and sample mixes by dispersion.

22 The FIA peak is shaped like a bell curve.

23 Example of real FIA peaks

24 Flow injection analysis has high throughput and is easy to use. High throughput Excellent Precision Ease of use No de-bubbling Rapid startup and shutdown

25 Segmented flow peaks reach steady state and maximum color

26 SFA allows longer reactions for greater color; FIA has greater throughput. SFA FIA Sample intro time loop Volume ~200 µl ~200 µl Max delay time 10 minutes 1-2 minutes Sample/hour RSD < 2% < 2% Reagent (ml) * OI Analytical FS

27 Use Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) when you have a lot of samples to run. Choose CFA when automating a lot of samples for a few tests! Exception CNSolution No distillation makes CN analysis economical regardless of sample load

28 What is a Discrete Analyzer? Reactions in individual cuvettes Mixing within the cuvette Measurement within the cuvette

29 A discrete analyzer is a multichemistry analyzer Batch Selective Analysis True Random Access Automatic Method Interchange Hands off operation

30 A discrete analyzer simplifies automated chemistry.

31 A discrete analyzer uses cuvettes instead of pump tubes Sample dispensed into cuvette Sample is blanked Reagents added to sample Sample incubates in cuvette Instrument measures absorbance Result calculated

32 The cuvette contains each individual reaction. No peaks single absorbance reading No interaction between samples Equilibrium reactions (maximum color)

33 Startup is easy because there are no pump tubes or flows Reduces Turn-Around-Time Unattended Operation Only runs requested tests Standards Prepared Automatically Automatically Dilutes over-range samples No pump tubes

34 Use discrete analyzers for widely differing matrices and daily routines. Choose discrete when automating a few samples for a lot of tests. Choose a discrete analyzer when running a variety of matrices, or parameters.

35 CFA methods are faster than discrete methods. Discrete CFA Reagents per test Continuously flowing Carryover None Need wash solution Throughput Function of # reagents Determined by peak width

36 Discrete analyzers can run any method without operator intervention. Discrete CFA Sensitivity # Tests per run Fluid System Standard Detector Limited by programming Disposable cuvettes ER Detector Limited by # detectors Pump tubes

37 Discrete analyzers require almost no maintenance Discrete CFA Operator maintenance Limited Change pump tubes Initial setup per test Final teardown per test none 5 10 minutes none 5 10 minutes

38 OI Automated Analyzers cover all needs Mode FS IV FS3100 DA3500 Continuous or batch Continuous or batch Batch Selective no no yes Random no no yes Fast yes yes no

39 Choose an automated chemistry based on your needs The technique to use depends on: Sample load Tests per sample Analytical Requirements (MDL, etc) Make educated choice on what is best for your application

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