Types of Plants. Unit 6 Review 5/2/2011. Plants. A. pine B. moss C. corn plant D. bean plant E. liverwort

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1 Unit 6 Review Plants Initial questions are worth 1 point each. Each question will be followed by an explanation All questions will be asked a second time at the very end, each of those questions will be worth 2 points. A plant that has a stem with scattered vascular bundles, leaves with parallel venation, and seeds with a single cotyledon is probably a A. pine B. moss C. corn plant D. bean plant E. liverwort All of the following are common to all monocots and dicots EXCEPT A. Protein synthesis B. Aerobic respiration C. ATP formation D. The electron transport system E. C4 photosynthesis Which of the following features of angiosperms has probably contributed most to their evolutionary success relative to all other land plants groups? A. Phloem B. Cutinized aerial surfaces C. Flowers and fruits D. True leaves and roots E. Xylem Types of Plants Bryophytes (non vascular plants) Mosses, Hornworts, Liverworts Pteridophytes (seedless vascular plants) Ferns Gymnosperms (vascular seed plants) Conifers Angiosperms (flowering vascular seed plants) Monocots (parallel veins) vs. Dicots (random venation) The result of meiosis in angiosperms is the production of A. gametes B. a haploid sporophyte C. a diploid sporophyte D. a diploid gametophyte E. haploid megaspores and microspores 1

2 flowering plants are capable of fertilization in the absence of water because the (A) processes of pollination and fertilization occur in the soil. (B) pollen tubes deliver the sperm to the eggs (C) eggs develop without sperm by parthenogenesis (D) eggs have a structure that aids in their dispersal by wind (E) sperm contain large amounts of cytoplasm Only female gametes are produced in which of the following structures? A. Antheridia B. Stamens C. Protonemata D. Flowers E. Archegonia Plant Reproduction Mosses and ferns do not have seeds Mosses and ferns have flagellated sperm and must reproduce near a water source Angiosperms and Gymnosperms have pollen and do not require a water source for reproduction Mosses and ferns are homosporous meaning that gametophytes will produce male and female gametes on the same plant (in different structures) Angiosperms and Gymnosperms are heterosporous meaning they will have spores that will develop into male gametophytes and female gametophytes. In the development of a seedling, which of the following will be the last to occur? (A) Initiation of the breakdown of the food reserve (B) Initiation of cell division i i in the root meristem (C) Emergence of the root (D) Expansion and greening of the first true foliage leaves (E) Imbibition of water by the seed Double fertilization in an ovule of a flowering plant results in which of the following? (A) Two embryos (B) Two seeds in a fruit (C) One embryo and one endosperm (D) Two fruits joined together (E) One endosperm and one cotyledon In angiosperms, the endosperm functions in A. pollen formation B. fruit formation C. seed coat formation D. nourishment of the embryo E. direction of the growth of the pollen tube 2

3 Seed Structure Monocots have a single cotyledon. Dicots have 2 cotyledons Endosperm is the result of double fertilization and nourishes the developing embryo within the seed. Which of the following is an actively dividing tissue in plants? (A) Cambium (B) Xylem (C) Endodermis (D) Phloem (E) Pith If plant cells are immersed in distilled water, the resulting movement of water into cells is called: A. conduction B. active transport C. transpiration D. osmosis E. facilitated diffusion Which of the following factors is most important in the movement of water up a tall tree? A. guttation B. capillary in the phloem C. air pressure D. leaf transpiration E. active transport in the xylem Sieve cells differ from tracheids in that only sieve cells are A. considered living cells B. involved in transporting water and ions C. found in vascular plants D. found in the outer cortex of the stem E. found in the center of the stem Which of the following statements about xylem and phloem is correct? A. Both are produced as secondary growth by vascular cambium. B. Both thhave companion cells. C. Both are found in bryophytes. D. Both conduct glucose in the plant. E. Both actively move fluids up and down stems. 3

4 A major function of the Casparian strip of the endodermal cells of a root is to (A) protect the meristem as the root tip grows through the abrasive soil particles (B) allow for expansion of the vascular cambium as the root grows laterally (C) control the movement of materials Into the vascular cylinder of the root (D) initiate lateral root growth (E) serve as a site for the storage of excess sugars in the form of starch Xylem and Phloem Xylem Water travels up the plant through dead cells in the xylem (vessel elements and tracheids) Water travels primarily due to transpiration pull and root pressure. Water Wt can travel symplasticlyor l apoplasticly l through a plant, apoplastic movement is interrupted by the casparian strip Phloem Sugar and other solutes can travel up and down the plant in the phloem using solute potential to create areas of low pressure for water to move into. All of the following are plant growth regulators EXCEPT A. ethylene B. indoleacetic acid C. abscisic acid D. cytokinins E. anthocyanin Fruits often ripen faster when placed in closed paper bags because of the effect of (A) cytokinin (B) abscisic acid (C) CO2 (D) gibberellin (E) ethylene Plant Hormones Common Hormones and functions: Gibberellins Cell Elongation Ethylene Fruit Ripening Abscisic i Aid Acid Seed ddormancy and abscission i Cytokinins Cytokinesis If you don t know the answer, it s probably auxin (indoleacetic acid or IAA) Which of the following most directly controls the flowering response in short day plants? A. Length of the light period B. Length of the dark period C. Relative amount of blue light available during the light period D. Intensity of light during the light period E. Air temperature during the dark period 4

5 Which of the following describes the mechanism by which a plant stem grows toward light? The fruit produced by angiosperms is an evolutionary adaptation that most often (A) The plant seeks light in order to maximize photosynthesis, (B) Nerve like impulses stimulate contractile cells on the lighted side of the stem. (C) Cells on the dark side of the stem elongate more than those on the lighted side. (D) The plant grows into an open area where its leaves will not be shaded by competing plants. (E) The greater energy supply on the lighted side of the stem stimulates metabolism and growth on that side. (A) nourishes the seeds within the fruit on ripening (B) aids in seed dispersal (C) attracts pollinators (D) inhibits seed germination until favorable environmental conditions occur (E) provides an energy source for the plant egg cell prior to fertilization Plant Behavior Review Quiz! Plants do not have muscle or nervous tissue. Plants move by growing at uneven rates. Elongation always occurs on the dark side Thigmotropism, gravotropism, and phototropism are the three types of plant movements. Plants also grow based on the type of light they receive. Plants flower based on a critical night length in order to flower during the correct season. Answer values are doubled lets see how you do. Which of the following is an actively dividing tissue in plants? In the development of a seedling, which of the following will be the last to occur? (A) Cambium (B) Xylem (C) Endodermis (D) Phloem (E) Pith (A) Initiation of the breakdown of the food reserve (B) Initiation of cell division i i in the root meristem (C) Emergence of the root (D) Expansion and greening of the first true foliage leaves (E) Imbibition of water by the seed 5

6 Fruits often ripen faster when placed in closed paper bags because of the effect of (A) cytokinin (B) abscisic acid (C) CO2 (D) gibberellin (E) ethylene All of the following are common to all monocots and dicots EXCEPT A. Protein synthesis B. Aerobic respiration C. ATP formation D. The electron transport system E. C4 photosynthesis Sieve cells differ from tracheids in that only sieve cells are A. considered living cells B. involved in transporting water and ions C. found in vascular plants D. found in the outer cortex of the stem E. found in the center of the stem A plant that has a stem with scattered vascular bundles, leaves with parallel venation, and seeds with a single cotyledon is probably a A. pine B. moss C. corn plant D. bean plant E. liverwort The result of meiosis in angiosperms is the production of A. gametes B. a haploid sporophyte C. a diploid sporophyte D. a diploid gametophyte E. haploid megaspores and microspores Double fertilization in an ovule of a flowering plant results in which of the following? (A) Two embryos (B) Two seeds in a fruit (C) One embryo and one endosperm (D) Two fruits joined together (E) One endosperm and one cotyledon 6

7 If plant cells are immersed in distilled water, the resulting movement of water into cells is called: Which of the following describes the mechanism by which a plant stem grows toward light? A. conduction B. active transport C. transpiration D. osmosis E. facilitated diffusion (A) The plant seeks light in order to maximize photosynthesis, (B) Nerve like impulses stimulate contractile cells on the lighted side of the stem. (C) Cells on the dark side of the stem elongate more than those on the lighted side. (D) The plant grows into an open area where its leaves will not be shaded by competing plants. (E) The greater energy supply on the lighted side of the stem stimulates metabolism and growth on that side. Only female gametes are produced in which of the following structures? A major function of the Casparian strip of the endodermal cells of a root is to A. Antheridia B. Stamens C. Protonemata D. Flowers E. Archegonia (A) protect the meristem as the root tip grows through the abrasive soil particles (B) allow for expansion of the vascular cambium as the root grows laterally (C) control the movement of materials Into the vascular cylinder of the root (D) initiate lateral root growth (E) serve as a site for the storage of excess sugars in the form of starch Which of the following statements about xylem and phloem is correct? All of the following are plant growth regulators EXCEPT A. Both are produced as secondary growth by vascular cambium. B. Both thhave companion cells. C. Both are found in bryophytes. D. Both conduct glucose in the plant. E. Both actively move fluids up and down stems. A. ethylene B. indoleacetic acid C. abscisic acid D. cytokinins E. anthocyanin 7

8 Which of the following most directly controls the flowering response in short day plants? Which of the following features of angiosperms has probably contributed most to their evolutionary success relative to all other land plants groups? A. Length of the light period B. Length of the dark period C. Relative amount of blue light available during the light period D. Intensity of light during the light period E. Air temperature during the dark period A. Phloem B. Cutinized aerial surfaces C. Flowers and fruits D. True leaves and roots E. Xylem The fruit produced by angiosperms is an evolutionary adaptation that most often flowering plants are capable of fertilization in the absence of water because the (A) nourishes the seeds within the fruit on ripening (B) aids in seed dispersal (C) attracts pollinators (D) inhibits seed germination until favorable environmental conditions occur (E) provides an energy source for the plant egg cell prior to fertilization (A) processes of pollination and fertilization occur in the soil. (B) pollen tubes deliver the sperm to the eggs (C) eggs develop without sperm by parthenogenesis (D) eggs have a structure that aids in their dispersal by wind (E) sperm contain large amounts of cytoplasm Which of the following factors is most important in the movement of water up a tall tree? A. guttation B. capillary in the phloem C. air pressure D. leaf transpiration E. active transport in the xylem In angiosperms, the endosperm functions in A. pollen formation B. fruit formation C. seed coat formation D. nourishment of the embryo E. direction of the growth of the pollen tube 8