UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SCHOOL OF SPORT AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES BSC(HONS) BIOLOGY SEMESTER ONE EXAMINATION 2015/2016 DIVERSITY OF LIFE MODULE NO: BIO4003

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1 [LH4] UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SCHOOL OF SPORT AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES BSC(HONS) BIOLOGY SEMESTER ONE EXAMINATION 2015/2016 DIVERSITY OF LIFE MODULE NO: BIO4003 Date: Friday 15 January 2016 Time: am 1.00 pm INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: There are 50 questions and 2 sections on this paper. Answer ALL questions in BOTH sections. Start each section in a fresh answer book.

2 Page 2 of 19 Section A [75 marks] Answer All Questions 1. What is the biological discipline of naming organisms and recognising species? 2. Rosa canina (L) is the scientific name of an organism. What information does each part of the name provide? [3 marks] 3. Two species in the same class may be in different orders. True or False? 4. Using a named example describe how phenotypic variation can lead to problems in identifying species. [2 marks] 5. What is a photoautotroph? 6. Give an example of a photoautotroph in Domain Bacteria. 7. What type of bonds are found in the cell membranes of members of A. Bacteria B. Archaea [1 mark each]

3 Page 3 of Briefly describe ONE negative impact of prokaryotes on humans. [2 marks] 9. Contrast bilateral and radial symmetry and give an example of an animal that shows EACH type. [4 marks] 10. Which clade contains flatworms, rotifers and molluscs? 11. For each of the following four phyla name ONE class and ONE characteristic feature: A. Annelida B. Mollusca C. Echinodermata D. Chordata [2 marks each] 12. Archaeopteryx has been suggested as the missing link between reptiles and birds. Name ONE characteristic it shares with reptiles and ONE characteristic it shares with birds. [2 marks]

4 Page 4 of Name the clades labelled A to D, below. A B C D [4 marks]

5 Page 5 of A member of which protist group is responsible for the bioluminescence in the picture below? 15. Name the genus of the ciliate pictured below.

6 Page 6 of Name the genus and species of the organism pictured below. [2 marks] 17. In what way does the chloroplast of the species in Q 16 differ from that of other protists? [2 marks] 18. Discuss the ways in which protists provide evidence in support of the serial endosymbiosis theory of eukaryote evolution. [5 marks] 19. The simplest Phyla of plants are called A. Pteridophytes B. Gymnosperms C. Bryophytes D. Angiosperms 20. Gymnosperms and angiosperms have all the following in common except A. Seeds B. Pollen C. Vascular tissue D. Ovaries

7 Page 7 of Which of the following are not shared by all phyla of vascular plants? A. The development of seeds B. Alternation of generation C. Dominance of the diploid sporophyte generation D. Xylem and phloem 22. Pollen grain is to as is to female gametophyte A. Male gametophyte; embryo sac B. Embryo sac; ovule C. Ovule; sporophyte D. Anther; seed E. Petal; sepal 23. The productivity of a crop declines when leaves begin to wilt mainly because A. The chlorophyll of wilting leaves decomposes B. Flaccid mesophyll cells are incapable of photosynthesis C. Stomata close, preventing CO 2 from entering the leaf D. Photolysis, the water-splitting step of photosynthesis, cannot occur when there is a water deficiency E. An accumulation of CO 2 in the leaf inhibits the enzymes required for photosynthesis

8 Page 8 of Which of the following conditions is needed by almost all seeds to break dormancy? A. Exposure to light B. Imbibition C. Abrasion of the seed coat D. Exposure to cold E. Covering of fertile soil 25. Phloem is a vascular tissue that is responsible for transporting through plants. A. Water B. Organic food substances C. Light particles D. All of the above 26. In plants, which of the following are produced by meiosis? A. Haploid gametes B. Haploid spores C. Diploid gametes D. Diploid spores 27. is to xylem as is to phloem. A. Sclerenchyma cell; parenchyma cell B. Apical meristem; vascular cambium C. Vessel element; sieve-tube member D. Cortex; pith E. Vascular cambium; cork cambium

9 Page 9 of Which of the following represent the female structures of flowers? A. Sepal and petal B. Anther and filament C. Stamen and carpel D. Stigma and style 29. Which of the following is not a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperm from other plants? A. Alternation of generation B. Ovules C. Pollen D. Dependent gametophytes 30. Most of the mass of organic material of a plant comes from A. Water. B. Carbon dioxide C. Soil minerals D. Atmospheric oxygen E. Nitrogen 31. Which of the following is a land plant that produces flagellated sperm and has a sporophyte dominated life cycle? A. Moss B. Fern C. Liverwort D. Hornwort

10 Page 10 of Mycorrhizae enhance plant nutrition mainly by A. Absorbing water and minerals through the fungal hyphae. B. Providing sugar to the root cells, which have no chloroplasts of their own C. Converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia D. Enabling the roots to parasitize neighboring plants E. Stimulating the development of root hairs. 33. The opening of the stomata is effected by all of the following except A. Oxygen concentration B. Temperature C. Light D. Carbon dioxide concentration 34. The pathway of water from the soil through the plant to the atmosphere is best represented by which of the following sequences? A. Endodermis - cortex - epidermis - vessel elements - intercellular spaces in mesophyll stomata B. Epidermis - cortex - Casparian strip - endodermis - sieve cells - intercellular spaces in the mesophyll - stomata C. Casparian strip - root hairs - epidermis - cortex - xylem - endodermis intercellular spaces in mesophyll - stomata E. Root hairs - cortex - endodermis - vessel elements - intercellular spaces in mesophyll stomata C. Epidermis - endodermis - phloem - cortex of leaf - intercellular spaces of mesophyll - stomata [2 mark]

11 Page 11 of Which of the following terms would be used to explain how trees can lift water to heights of ten stories or more? A. Air pressure B. Adhesion C. Cohesion D. Tensile strength E. All of the above 36. Which of the following will cause the stomata to close? A. Wilting B. Increase in carbon dioxide concentration C. Darkness D. Very high temperatures E. All of the above 37. Which genus does the specimen below belong to?

12 Page 12 of Name the two types (A and B) of transport tissue below 39. Which Division does the specimen below belong to?

13 Page 13 of Which genus does the specimen below belong to? 41.Which genus does the specimen below belong to?

14 Page 14 of Members of which Domain are living in this hot spring? 43. Which Phylum does the specimen below come from?

15 Page 15 of Which Class do the specimens below come from? 45.Which Phylum does the specimen below belong to?

16 Page 16 of Which Phylum does the specimen below belong to? 47. Which Phylum does the specimen below belong to?

17 Page 17 of Which Sub-Phylum does the specimen below belong to? 49.Which Sub-Phylum does the specimen below belong to?

18 Page 18 of Which Sub-Phylum does the specimen below belong to?

19 Page 19 of 19 Section B [25 marks] Essay Question, you must answer this question 51. Outline Darwin and Wallace s theory of evolution by natural selection and describe two sources of evidence they used to support their theory. [25 marks] END OF QUESTIONS

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