Applying Hyperaccumulator Straw in Cd-Contaminated Soil Enhances Nutrient Uptake and Soil Enzyme Activity of Capsella bursa-pastoris

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1 Interntionl Conferene on Mnufturing Siene nd Engineering (ICMSE 2015) Applying Hyperumultor Strw in Cd-Contminted Soil Enhnes Nutrient Uptke nd Soil Enzyme Ativity of Cpsell burs-pstoris Jin Wng1,, Keng Wen1,b, Jun Shi2, nd Xiuln Lv3,d* 1 College of Hortiulture, Sihun Agriulturl University, Chengdu, Sihun, Chin 2 Minyng Ademy of Agriulturl Sienes, Minyng, Sihun, Chin 3 Institute of Pomology nd Oleriulture, Sihun Agriulturl University, Chengdu, Sihun, Chin wngjin2510@126.om, b @qq.om, tibm@163.om, dxllvjj@163.om *Corresponding uthor Keywords: Hyperumultor strw; Cdmium ontmintion; Cpsell burs-pstoris; Nutrient; Soil enzyme tivity Abstrt. The effets of pplying four hyperumultor speies (Solnum photeinorpum, Bidens pilos, Siegesbeki orientlis nd Youngi erythrorp) strws in dmium (Cd) ontminted soil on phosphorus (P) nd potssium (K) uptke nd soil enzyme tivity of Cpsell burs-pstoris were studied through pot experiment. Five tretments were used in the experiment: ontrol (no strw pplied), nd strw pplied for eh of the four hyperumultor speies (S. photeinorpum, B. pilos, S. orientlis nd Y. erythrorp). When pplying the four hyperumultor speies strws, the totl P nd K ontents in roots, stems nd leves of C. burs-pstoris inresed ompred with ontrol. The totl P nd K ontents in roots, stems nd leves of C. burs-pstoris were rnked s: S. photeinorpum strw > Y. erythrorp strw > B. pilos strw > S. orientlis strw > ontrol. The soil vilble P nd K ontents were lso inresed by the four hyperumultor speies strws. The four hyperumultor speies strws enhned soil surse, soil tlse nd soil urese tivities. Therefore, pplying hyperumultor strw ould used to inrese nutrient ontent nd enhne soil enzyme tivity of C. burs-pstoris in Cd-ontminted soil, nd the strw of S. photeinorpum ws the best. Introdution Applying strw into soil is ommonly used mesure of griulturl prodution [1]. After pplying strw, signifint mount of rbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potssium nd other nutrients re relesed by soil mirobil tion, nd thus improve soil fertility [2]. Menwhile, the strw lso improves the soil enzyme tivity, the number of miro-orgnisms nd the effetiveness of soil nutrients, nd thereby improves soil physil nd hemil properties [3]. These results indite tht pplying the plnt strw into soil n hnge the biologil effetiveness of vrious elements, nd ffet the nutrient elements bsorption of plnt. The summer growth dmium (Cd) hyperumultor plnts Youngi erythrorp [4], Bidens pilos [5], Solnum photeinorpum [6] nd Siegesbeki orientlis [7] hve strong tolerne to Cd. In this study, we pplied the strw mde from the shoots of Y. erythrorp, B. pilos, S. photeinorpum nd S. orientlis into Cd-ontminted soil nd plnted the winter growth Cd-umultor plnt Cpsell burs-pstoris [8]. The im of the study ws to determine if pplition of strw from the hyperumultor speies ould effiiently promote the phosphorus (P) nd potssium (K) uptke nd soil enzyme tivity of C. burs-pstoris, nd improve the phytoremedition bility of C. burs-pstoris. Mterils nd Methods Mterils. In August 2013, the shoots of S. photeinorpum, B. pilos, S. orientlis nd Y. erythrorp were olleted from the Y n mpus frm of the Sihun Agriulturl University The uthors - Published by Atlntis Press 617

2 (29 59 N, E), Chin, from unontminted soil res. The olleted shoots of these plnts were dried t 80 C to onstnt weight, finely ground nd sieved through 5-mm-mesh nylon sieve. Cpsell burs-pstoris seedlings with two euphylls were olleted from the Y n mpus frm (from unontminted soil) in September The ineptisol soil smples were olleted from Y n mpus frm in August The bsi properties of the soil were the sme s referene [4]. Experimentl Design. The experiment ws onduted t the Y n mpus frm from August to Otober in The soil smples were ir-dried nd pssed through 5-mm sieve. Three kilogrms of the ir-dried soil ws weighed into eh polyethylene pot (15 m high, 18 m in dimeter). Cd ws dded to soils s CdCl 2 2.5H 2 O t 50 mg/kg. The pots were soked in the Cd solutions for 4 weeks, nd then the soil in eh pot ws mixed with the powdered shoots of the studied plnts. Six-grm shoots were pplied to eh pot (2 g shoots per kg soil), nd the soil moisture ws mintined t 80% of field pity for 1 week. The five experimentl tretments in the experiment were ontrol (no strw pplied), pplying S. photeinorpum strw, pplying B. pilos strw, pplying S. orientlis strw nd pplying Y. erythrorp strw. Eh tretment ws replited three times using ompletely rndomized design with 10-m sping between pots. Four uniform seedlings of C. burs-pstoris were trnsplnted into eh pot nd the soil moisture ontent ws mintined t 80% of field pity from the time the plnts were trnsplnted into the pots until the time the plnts were hrvested. At mturity (fter 35 d), the entire plnts were hrvested for determining ontents of totl P nd K in roots nd shoots [9]. The soil smples were olleted for determining soil vilble P nd K ontents [9] nd soil enzyme tivity [10]. Results nd Disussion Totl P ontent in C. burs-pstoris. Applying hyperumultor strw in Cd-ontminted soil inresed totl P ontents in roots, stems nd leves of C. burs-pstoris ompred with ontrol (Tble 1). The totl P ontents in roots, stems nd leves of C. burs-pstoris were rnked s: S. photeinorpum strw > Y. erythrorp strw > B. pilos strw > S. orientlis strw > ontrol. Applying strws of S. photeinorpum, B. pilos, S. orientlis nd Y. erythrorp in Cd-ontminted soil inresed the totl P ontent in roots of C. burs-pstoris by 47.51% (p < 0.05), 9.09% (p > 0.05), 4.40% (p > 0.05) nd 22.29% (p < 0.05) respetively ompred with ontrol, totl P ontent in stems inresed by 19.31% (p < 0.05), 11.53% (p > 0.05), 9.66% (p > 0.05) nd 12.15% (p > 0.05) respetively, nd totl P ontent in leves inresed by 45.87% (p < 0.05), 31.02% (p < 0.05), 18.81% (p < 0.05) nd 37.95% (p < 0.05) in leves respetively. Tble 1 Totl P ontent in C. burs-pstoris Roots (g/kg) Stems (g/kg) Leves (g/kg) Control 3.41± ±0.09b 3.03±0.30d S. photeinorpum 5.03± ± ±0.08 B. pilos 3.72±0.24b 3.58±0.30b 3.97±0.10b S. orientlis 3.56± ±0.10b 3.60±0.13 Y. erythrorp 4.17±0.26b 3.60±0.14b 4.18±0.11b Vlues re mens of three replite pots. Different lowerse letters indite signifint differenes bsed on one-wy Totl K ontent in C. burs-pstoris. When pplying hyperumultor strw in Cd-ontminted soil, the totl K ontents in roots, stems nd leves of C. burs-pstoris inresed (Tble 2). The totl K ontents in roots, stems nd leves of C. burs-pstoris were rnked s: S. photeinorpum strw > Y. erythrorp strw > B. pilos strw > S. orientlis strw > ontrol, whih ws the sme s totl P ontent in C. burs-pstoris. Applying strws of S. photeinorpum, B. pilos, S. orientlis nd Y. erythrorp in Cd-ontminted soil inresed the totl K ontent in roots of C. burs-pstoris by 618

3 15.07% (p < 0.05), 6.71% (p > 0.05), 2.88% (p > 0.05) nd 12.88% (p < 0.05) respetively ompred with ontrol, totl K ontent in stems inresed by 31.23% (p < 0.05), 22.41% (p < 0.05), 5.17% (p > 0.05) nd 26.05% (p < 0.05) respetively, nd totl K ontent in leves inresed by 15.44% (p < 0.05), 8.08% (p < 0.05), 6.63% (p > 0.05) nd 9.53% (p < 0.05) in leves respetively. Tble 2 Totl K ontent in C. burs-pstoris Roots (g/kg) Stems (g/kg) Leves (g/kg) Control 7.30±0.14b 5.22±0.13b 8.29±0.31 S. photeinorpum 8.40± ± ±0.34 B. pilos 7.79±0.30b 6.39± ±0.23b S. orientlis 7.51±0.23b 5.49±0.14b 8.84±0.18b Y. erythrorp 8.24± ± ±0.11b Vlues re mens of three replite pots. Different lowerse letters indite signifint differenes bsed on one-wy Soil vilble P ontent. Compred with ontrol, when pplying the four hyperumultor speies strws in Cd-ontminted soil, the soil vilble P ontent inresed (Fig. 1). The soil vilble P ontent ws rnked s: S. photeinorpum strw > Y. erythrorp strw > B. pilos strw > S. orientlis strw > ontrol. Soil vilble K ontent. The soil vilble K ontent inresed ompred with ontrol when pplying the four hyperumultor speies strws in Cd-ontminted soil (Fig. 2). The soil vilble K ontent ws lso rnked s: S. photeinorpum strw > Y. erythrorp strw > B. pilos strw > S. orientlis strw > ontrol. Compred with ontrol, the soil vilble K ontent of pplying strws of S. photeinorpum, B. pilos, S. orientlis nd Y. erythrorp inresed by 7.00% (p < 0.05), 2.26% (p > 0.05), 0.78% (p > 0.05) nd 5.84% (p < 0.05) respetively. Soil vilble P (mg/kg) e CK SP BP SO YE d b Soil vilble K (mg/kg) b CK SP BP SO YE b Fig. 1 Soil vilble K. Vlues re mens of three replite pots. Different lowerse letters indite signifint differenes bsed on one-wy nlysis of vrine in SPSS 13.0 followed by the lest signifint differene test (p < 0.05). CK = ontrol, SP = S. photeinorpum, BP = B. pilos, SO = S. orientlis, YE = Y. erythrorp. Fig. 2 Soil vilble K. Vlues re mens of three replite pots. Different lowerse letters indite signifint differenes bsed on one-wy nlysis of vrine in SPSS 13.0 followed by the lest signifint differene test (p < 0.05). CK = ontrol, SP = S. photeinorpum, BP = B. pilos, SO = S. orientlis, YE = Y. erythrorp. 619

4 Soil enzyme tivity. The four hyperumultor speies strws enhned soil surse, soil tlse nd soil urese tivities of Cd-ontminted soil (Tble 3). The soil surse tivity ws rnked s: S. photeinorpum strw > B. pilos strw > Y. erythrorp strw > S. orientlis strw > ontrol, soil urese tivity ws rnked s: S. photeinorpum strw > B. pilos strw > S. orientlis strw > Y. erythrorp strw > ontrol, nd soil tlse tivity ws rnked s: Y. erythrorp strw > S. orientlis strw > S. photeinorpum strw > B. pilos strw > ontrol. Tble 3 Soil enzyme tivity Soil surse tivity (mg/g) Soil urese tivity (mg/g) Soil tlse tivity (ml/g) Control 0.474±0.006d 0.398±0.013e 0.262±0.025 S. photeinorpum 0.776± ± ±0.005b B. pilos 0.735± ±0.033b 0.274±0.011b S. orientlis 0.531± ± ±0.007 Y. erythrorp 0.624±0.024b 0.595±0.034d 0.379±0.016 Vlues re mens of three replite pots. Different lowerse letters indite signifint differenes bsed on one-wy Conlusions When pplying the four hyperumultor speies (S. photeinorpum, B. pilos, S. orientlis nd Y. erythrorp) strws in Cd-ontminted soil, the totl P nd K ontents in roots, stems nd leves of C. burs-pstoris inresed ompred with ontrol. The soil vilble P nd K ontents were lso inresed by the four hyperumultor speies strws. The four hyperumultor speies strws enhned soil surse, soil tlse nd soil urese tivities. Therefore, pplying hyperumultor strw ould used to inrese nutrient ontent nd enhne soil enzyme tivity of C. burs-pstoris in Cd-ontminted soil, nd the S. photeinorpum strw ws the best. Referenes [1] Z.Q. Dong, H.X. Zhu, X.X. Bi, L. Liu nd Y. Liu: Chinese Agriulturl Siene Bulletin Vol. 30 (2014), p. 77. [2] A.L. Wu, J.S. Wng, X.Y. Jio, E.W. Dong, L.G. Wng, X. Hn nd Q. Chen: Chinese Journl of Eo-Agriulture Vol. 22 (2014), p [3] T. Wei, L.N. Hn, Q.F. Hn, Z.K. Ji, R. Zhng, J.F. Nie nd B.P. Yng: Plnt Nutrition nd Fertilizer Siene Vol. 18 (2012), p.611. [4] L.J. Lin, B. Ning, M.A. Lio, Y.J. Ren, Z.H. Wng, Y.J. Liu, J. Cheng nd L. Luo: Environmentl Monitoring nd Assessment Vol. 187 (2015), p [5] Y.B. Sun, Q.X. Zhou, L. Wng nd W.T. Liu: Journl of Hzrdous Mterils Vol. 161 (2008), p [6] X.F. Zhng, H.P. Xi, Z.A. Li, P. Zhung nd B.Go: Journl of Hzrdous Mterils Vol. 189 (2011), p [7] S.R. Zhng, H.C. Lin, L.J. Deng, G.S. Gong, Y.X. Ji, X.X. Xu, T. Li, Y. Li nd H. Chen: Eologil Engineering Vol. 51 (2013), p [8] Y. Liu, L. Lin, Q. Jin nd X. Zhu: Environmentl Progress & Sustinble Energy Vol. 34 (2015), p

5 [9] S.D. Bo: Agrohemil Soil Anlysis (3 rd edition, Chin Agriulture Press, Beijing 2000). [10] L.K. Zhou: Soil Enzymology (Siene Press, Beijing 1987). 621