Effects of Applying Accumulator Straw in Soil on Nutrient Uptake and Soil Enzyme Activity of Capsella bursa-pastoris under Cadmium Stress

Transcription

1 Interntionl Conferene on Mnufturing Siene nd Engineering (ICMSE 2015) Effets of Applying Aumultor Strw in Soil on Nutrient Uptke nd Soil Enzyme Ativity of Cpsell burs-pstoris under Cdmium Stress Jin Wng1,, Jun Shi2,b, Shuting Yng1, nd Xiuln Lv3,d* 1 College of Hortiulture, Sihun Agriulturl University, Chengdu, Sihun, Chin 2 Minyng Ademy of Agriulturl Sienes, Minyng, Sihun, Chin 3 Institute of Pomology nd Oleriulture, Sihun Agriulturl University, Chengdu, Sihun, Chin wngjin2510@126.om, btibm@163.om, @qq.om, dxllvjj@163.om *Corresponding uthor Keywords: Aumultor strw; Cdmium stress; Cpsell burs-pstoris; Nutrient; Soil enzyme tivity Abstrt. The effets of pplying four umultor speies (Conyz ndensis, Elipt prostrte, Nsturtium offiinle nd Crdmine hirsute) strws in dmium (Cd) ontminted soil on phosphorus (P) nd potssium (K) uptke nd soil enzyme tivity of Cpsell burs-pstoris were studied through pot experiment. Five tretments were used in the experiment: ontrol (no strw pplied), nd strw pplied for eh of the four plnt speies (C. ndensis, E. prostrt, N. offiinle nd C. hirsut). When pplying the four umultor speies strws, the totl P nd K ontents in roots, stems nd leves of C. burs-pstoris inresed ompred with ontrol. The totl P nd K ontents in roots, stems nd leves of C. burs-pstoris were rnked s: N. offiinle strw > C. hirsut strw > C. ndensis strw > E. prostrt strw > ontrol. The soil vilble P nd K ontents were lso inresed by the four umultor speies strws, whih were rnked s: N. offiinle strw > C. hirsut strw > C. ndensis strw > E. prostrt strw > ontrol. The four umultor speies strws enhned soil surse nd soil urese tivities, but redued soil tlse tivity. Therefore, pplying umultor strw ould used to inrese nutrient ontent nd enhne soil enzyme tivity of C. burs-pstoris for the phytoremedition of Cd, nd the strw of N. offiinle ws the best. Introdution The rop strw is n importnt renewble resoure in griulturl prodution [1]. When pply rop strw in frmlnd soil, the strw will relese orgni mtter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potssium nd other nutrients, whih n improve the physil nd hemil properties of soil, nd promote post rop growth [2]. Soil enzyme plys n importnt role in soil eosystem, nd lso is n importnt index of soil fertility [3]. Cpsell burs-pstoris is winter Cd-umultor plnt with smll biomss, nd the phytoremedition effiieny of Cd is low [4]. In this pper, we pplied the strws of Cd-umultor plnts Conyz ndensis [5], Crdmine hirsute [6], Elipt prostrte [7] nd Nsturtium offiinle [8] into Cd-ontminted soil nd plnted C. burs-pstoris. The im of the study ws to determine if pplition of strw from the umultor speies ould effiiently promote the nutrient uptke nd growth of C. burs-pstoris. Mterils nd Methods Mterils. In August 2013, the shoots of C. ndensis, E. prostrt, N. offiinle nd C. hirsut were olleted from the Y n mpus frm of the Sihun Agriulturl University (29 59 N, E), Chin, from unontminted soil res. The olleted shoots of these plnts were dried t 80 C to onstnt weight, finely ground nd sieved through 5-mm-mesh nylon sieve. Cpsell burs-pstoris seedlings with two euphylls were olleted from the Y n mpus frm (from The uthors - Published by Atlntis Press 719

2 unontminted soil) in September The ineptisol soil smples were olleted from Y n mpus frm in August The bsi properties of the soil were the sme s referene [6]. Experimentl Design. The experiment ws onduted t the Y n mpus frm from August to Otober in The soil smples were ir-dried nd pssed through 5-mm sieve. Three kilogrms of the ir-dried soil ws weighed into eh polyethylene pot (15 m high, 18 m in dimeter). Cd ws dded to soils s CdCl 2 2.5H 2 O t 50 mg/kg. The pots were soked in the Cd solutions for 4 weeks, nd then the soil in eh pot ws mixed with the powdered shoots of the studied plnts. Six-grm shoots were pplied to eh pot (2 g shoots per kg soil), nd the soil moisture ws mintined t 80% of field pity for 1 week. The five experimentl tretments in the experiment were ontrol (no strw pplied), nd strw pplied for eh of the four plnt speies (C. ndensis, E. prostrt, N. offiinle nd C. hirsut). Eh tretment ws replited three times using ompletely rndomized design with 10-m sping between pots. Four uniform seedlings of C. burs-pstoris were trnsplnted into eh pot nd the soil moisture ontent ws mintined t 80% of field pity from the time the plnts were trnsplnted into the pots until the time the plnts were hrvested. At mturity (fter 35 d), the entire plnts were hrvested for determining ontents of totl P nd K in roots nd shoots [9]. The soil smples were olleted for determining soil vilble P nd K ontents [9] nd soil enzyme tivity [3]. Results nd Disussion Totl P ontent in C. burs-pstoris. When pplying the four umultor speies strws in Cd-ontminted soil, the totl P ontents in roots, stems nd leves of C. burs-pstoris inresed ompred with ontrol (Tble 1). The totl P ontents in roots, stems nd leves of C. burs-pstoris were rnked s: N. offiinle strw > C. hirsut strw > C. ndensis strw > E. prostrt strw > ontrol. Compred with ontrol, pplying strws of C. ndensis, E. prostrt, N. offiinle nd C. hirsut in soil inresed the totl P ontents in roots of C. burs-pstoris by 5.33% (p > 0.05), 5.03% (p > 0.05), 7.10% (p > 0.05) nd 6.21% (p > 0.05) respetively, inresed by 14.95% (p < 0.05), 11.21% (p < 0.05), 27.41% (p < 0.05) nd 16.20% (p < 0.05) in stems respetively, nd inresed by 6.11% (p < 0.05), 3.61% (p < 0.05), 17.50% (p < 0.05) nd 15.00% (p < 0.05) in leves respetively. Tble 1 Totl P ontent in C. burs-pstoris Tretments Roots (g/kg) Stems (g/kg) Leves (g/kg) Control 3.38± ± ±0.13b C. ndensis 3.56± ±0.05b 3.82±0.07b E. prostrt 3.55± ±0.10b 3.73±0.04b N. offiinle 3.62± ± ±0.11 C. hirsut 3.59± ±0.12b 4.14±0.03 Vlues re mens of three replite pots. Different lowerse letters indite signifint differenes bsed on one-wy nlysis of vrine in SPSS 13.0 followed by the lest signifint differene test (p < 0.05). Totl K ontent in C. burs-pstoris. The sme s totl P ontent in plnts, the umultor strw lso inresed totl K ontents in roots, stems nd leves of C. burs-pstoris (Tble 2). The totl K ontents in roots, stems nd leves of C. burs-pstoris were rnked s: N. offiinle strw > C. hirsut strw > C. ndensis strw > E. prostrt strw > ontrol. Applying strws of C. ndensis, E. prostrt, N. offiinle nd C. hirsut inresed the totl K ontent in roots of C. burs-pstoris by 7.57% (p > 0.05), 3.16% (p > 0.05), 13.48% (p < 0.05) nd 9.08% (p > 0.05) respetively. Compred with ontrol, the totl K ontent in stems of C. burs-pstoris ws inresed by 15.58% (p > 0.05), 5.58% (p > 0.05), 31.35% (p < 0.05) nd 24.23% (p > 0.05) of C. ndensis strw, E. prostrt strw, N. offiinle strw nd C. hirsut strw respetively, nd inresed by 1.70% (p > 0.05), 0.97% (p > 720

3 0.05), 11.77% (p < 0.05) nd 7.89% (p > 0.05) of tht respetively. So, pplying umultor strw ould enhne the P nd K uptkes of C. burs-pstoris from Cd-ontminted soil. Tble 2 Totl K ontent in C. burs-pstoris Tretments Roots (g/kg) Stems (g/kg) Leves (g/kg) Control 7.27±0.14b 5.20±0.11d 8.24±0.30 C. ndensis 7.82±0.31b 6.01±0.34b 8.38±0.17b E. prostrt 7.50±0.40b 5.49±0.28d 8.32±0.16b N. offiinle 8.25± ± ±0.27 C. hirsut 7.93±0.10b 6.46±0.20b 8.89±0.21b Vlues re mens of three replite pots. Different lowerse letters indite signifint differenes bsed on one-wy nlysis of vrine in SPSS 13.0 followed by the lest signifint differene test (p < 0.05). Soil vilble P ontent. When pplying the four umultor speies strws in Cd-ontminted soil, the soil vilble P ontent inresed ompred with ontrol (Fig. 1). The soil vilble P ontent ws rnked s: N. offiinle strw > C. hirsut strw > C. ndensis strw > E. prostrt strw > ontrol. Compred with ontrol, the soil vilble P ontent of pplying C. ndensis strw, E. prostrt strw, N. offiinle strw nd C. hirsut strw inresed by 8.40% (p > 0.05), 2.28% (p > 0.05), 20.54% (p < 0.05) nd 13.96% (p < 0.05) respetively. Soil vilble K ontent. The soil vilble K ontent inresed ompred with ontrol when pplying the four umultor speies strws in Cd-ontminted soil (Fig. 2). The soil vilble K ontent ws lso rnked s: N. offiinle strw > C. hirsut strw > C. ndensis strw > E. prostrt strw > ontrol. Compred with ontrol, the soil vilble K ontent of pplying C. ndensis strw, E. prostrt strw, N. offiinle strw nd C. hirsut strw inresed by 3.64% (p > 0.05), 0.84% (p > 0.05), 15.78% (p < 0.05) nd 10.62% (p < 0.05) respetively. Soil vilble P (mg/kg) b b Soil vilble K (mg/kg) b CK CC EP NO CH Tretments CK CC EP NO CH Tretments Fig. 1 Soil vilble K. Vlues re mens of three replite pots. Different lowerse letters indite signifint differenes bsed on one-wy nlysis of vrine in SPSS 13.0 followed by the lest signifint differene test (p < 0.05). CK = ontrol, CC = C. ndensis, EP = E. prostrt, NO = N. offiinle, CH = C. hirsut. Fig. 2 Soil vilble K. Vlues re mens of three replite pots. Different lowerse letters indite signifint differenes bsed on one-wy nlysis of vrine in SPSS 13.0 followed by the lest signifint differene test (p < 0.05). CK = ontrol, CC = C. ndensis, EP = E. prostrt, NO = N. offiinle, CH = C. hirsut. 721

4 Soil enzyme tivity. The four umultor speies strws enhned soil surse nd soil urese tivities of Cd-ontminted soil, but redued soil tlse tivity (Tble 3). The soil surse tivity ws rnked s: C. ndensis strw > C. hirsut strw > N. offiinle strw > E. prostrt strw > ontrol, soil urese tivity ws rnked s: N. offiinle strw > C. hirsut strw > C. ndensis strw > E. prostrt strw > ontrol, nd soil tlse tivity ws rnked s: ontrol > E. prostrt strw> C. ndensis strw > C. hirsut strw > N. offiinle strw. Compred with ontrol, pplying C. ndensis strw, E. prostrt strw, N. offiinle strw nd C. hirsut strw enhned soil surse tivity by 96.20% (p < 0.05), 8.86% (p < 0.05), 18.57% (p < 0.05) nd 43.25% (p < 0.05) respetively, nd soil urese tivity enhned by % (p < 0.05), 69.36% (p < 0.05), % (p < 0.05) nd % (p < 0.05) respetively, nd soil tlse tivity redued by 2.19% (p > 0.05), 1.46% (p > 0.05), 15.69% (p < 0.05) nd 9.85% (p < 0.05) respetively. Tretments Tble 3 Soil enzyme tivity Soil surse tivity (mg/g) Soil urese tivity (mg/g) Soil tlse tivity (ml/g) CK 0.474±0.006d 0.235±0.010d 0.274±0.011 C. ndensis 0.930± ±0.016b 0.268±0.007b E. prostrt 0.516±0.036d 0.398± ±0.008b N. offiinle 0.562± ± ±0.013 C. hirsut 0.679±0.009b 0.674± ±0.006b Vlues re mens of three replite pots. Different lowerse letters indite signifint differenes bsed on one-wy nlysis of vrine in SPSS 13.0 followed by the lest signifint differene test (p < 0.05). Conlusions When pplying the four umultor speies (C. ndensis, E. prostrt, N. offiinle nd C. hirsut) strws in Cd-ontminted soil, the totl P nd K ontents in roots, stems nd leves of C. burs-pstoris inresed ompred with ontrol. The totl P nd K ontents in roots, stems nd leves of C. burs-pstoris were rnked s: N. offiinle strw > C. hirsut strw > C. ndensis strw > E. prostrt strw > ontrol. The soil vilble P nd K ontents were lso inresed by the four umultor speies strws, whih were rnked s: N. offiinle strw > C. hirsut strw > C. ndensis strw > E. prostrt strw > ontrol. The four umultor speies strws enhned soil surse nd soil urese tivities, but redued soil tlse tivity. Therefore, pplying umultor strw ould used to inrese nutrient ontent nd enhne soil enzyme tivity of C. burs-pstoris in Cd-ontminted soil. Referenes [1] Y.Y. Shen nd H. Chen: Chinese Agriulturl Siene Bulletin Vol. 25 (2009), p [2] Y.H. Jing, Z.R. Yu nd Y.L. M: Vol. 32 (2001), p [3] L.K. Zhou: Soil Enzymology (Siene Press, Beijing 1987). [4] Y. Liu, L. Lin, Q. Jin nd X. Zhu: Environmentl Progress & Sustinble Energy Vol. 34 (2015), p [5] S. Wei, Q. Zhou, U.K. Sh, H. Xio, Y. Hu, L.P. Ren nd P. Gu: Journl of Hzrdous Mterils Vol. 163 (2009), p. 32. [6] L. Lin, J. Shi, Q. Liu, M. Lio nd L. Mei: Environmentl Monitoring nd Assessment Vol. 186 (2014), p

5 [7] L. Luo, L.J. Lin, M.A. Lio, X. Zhng nd D.Y. Yng: At Agriulture Boreli-Sini Vol. 29 (2014), p [8] L.J. Lin, L. Luo, M.A. Lio, X. Zhng nd D.Y. Yng: Resoures nd Environment in the Yngtze Bsin Vol. 24 (2015), p [9] S.D. Bo: Agrohemil Soil Anlysis (3 rd edition, Chin Agriulture Press, Beijing 2000). 723