Man in Space Assessment Questions The floating sensation astronauts experience while in a space environment is due to

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1 Questions for your 3rd six weeks exam will be taken from these question. Due to the large number of questions, not all of these will be on the exam. Make sure you understand the question and why the answer reviewed is correct. Man in Space Assessment Questions What work of Sir Isaac Newton helped others to understand and overcome the obstacles of modern space travel. A The laws of Planetary motion. B The discovery of gravity. The invention of electromagnetism. 10 The floating sensation astronauts experience while in a space environment is due to zero gravity. G microgravity. H gravity. loss of gravity. D The construction of simple rockets.

2 11 Which statement best describes the effect of microgravity on an astronaut s bone health? A B D The amount of physical stress on bones increases, resulting in bone deterioration. The amount of physical stress on bones decreases, resulting in an increase in bone density. The amount of physical stress on bones increases, resulting in an increase in bone density. The amount of physical stress on bones decreases, resulting in bone loss.

3 12 Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the model? size of the Sun G size of the planets H distances between planets number of planets 13 How can a model of the solar system be used in planning a trip from Earth to another planet? A To estimate distance, travel time and fuel cost. B To anticipate the frequency and occurrence of meteorites and other objects in space. To map flight plans that avoid solar flare-ups and solar winds. D To predict possible emergencies astronauts may encounter during space travels.

4 14 How does the space suit backpack help astronauts breathe in a space environment? It maintains air pressure to keep bodily fluids from boiling. G It provides pure O 2 for inhaling and canisters to collect O 2. H It stabilizes an internal temperature of 22 (72 ). 16 Why do astronauts wear space suits in swimming pools before participating in manned space explorations? It allows them to work in a frictionless environment. G Gravity of water is similar to microgravity of space. H The load of the backpack is lightened by water, allowing astronauts to more easily practice space tasks. It collects urine and solid wastes. Wearing a spacesuit in water simulates the weightlessness of space. 15 The insulated feature of spacesuit layers are designed to - A protect from radiation. B trap excessive O 2. regulate temperature. D provide pure O How does pressure in the astronaut s space suit help the body work? A The suit forces blood to certain parts of the body to counteract the absence of gravity. B The suit acts as an external pacemaker to regulate the heartbeat. The suit regulates gas exchange between the oxygen pack and the astronaut. D The suit monitors the amount of O 2 to O 2 in the blood.

5 18 All of the following are ways that atmosphere makes the existence of life on Earth possible EXEPT - G H It shields the Earth from collisions. It offers protection from radiation. It maintains a constant temperature. It allows for gas exchange between plants and animals. 19 When NASA sends probes to distant planets they will normally go to another planet first, even though the probe will not collect any data from the first planet. Why do they do this? A B D To take pictures of both planets To make the trip longer To shorten the trip using the first planet s gravity to slingshot the satellite. NASA does not do this.

6 20 What is the correct term for the speed and direction a rocket must travel to break away completely from a planet s gravitational pull? 21 What will happen to a spacecraft that is traveling faster than orbital velocity? A It will not reach orbit. escape velocity B It will fall back to Earth. G terminal velocity H orbital velocity maximum velocity It will move away from Earth. D It will orbit in an elliptical pattern. 22 Which of the following accommodations that allow space exploration are required by the astronauts shown below as they work outside the International Space Station? G H water gravity oxygen heat protection

7 23 Spacecraft carrying humans must land safely. Which of these must a spacecraft carrying humans do to land safely? A It must slow down. 25 What will happen to the human body without air pressure? A It will shrink. B It will expand. B It must use a parachute. It will remain the same. It must land in the water. D It must land on a runway. D It will keep its shape but get bigger. 24 How does an astronaut on a space walk communicate with astronauts in the spacecraft? using sign language G by cellular phone H through radio waves from Earth through a radio transmitter and receiver

8 26 On a space mission, the gravitational environment can negatively affect the bone density of astronauts. Which accommodation will most likely protect the bone health of the crew on a space mission? G H Drinking extra fluids. Eating more calories. Wearing protective clothing while inside the space vehicle. Engaging in a daily routine using exercise equipment. 27 Which of the following spacecraft is designed to carry humans into space? A B D

9 Biomes, Biodiversity and Sustainability Assessment Questions Which ecosystem has a better chance of surviving when environmental conditions change? A One with a great deal of genetic diversity. B One with plants and animals but no bacteria. One with animals and bacteria but no plants. D One with little or no genetic diversity. 22 Why do plants that grow in the tundra have shallow root systems? They have no soil in which to grow. G They cannot grow through the permafrost. H They are frequently soaked by heavy rains. They are trampled each time animals migrate.

10 23 Scientists classify climates and biomes based on - A latitude and longitude B latitude and elevation temperature and rainfall D temperature and altitude 25 Where would you most likely find the greatest variety and numbers of animal life? A on a newly mowed lawn B close to a pond with rocks, water and several types of plants in the center of a pond D next to a paved surface 24 omplete this statement. The more diverse an ecosystem is - the more threatened its populations are G the more similar the species will be H the more stable it is 26 Deforestation, pollution, and over hunting can result in - increase in biodiversity G decrease in biodiversity H no effect on biodiversity a state of equilibrium the fewer varieties of species are present

11 27 Which of the following would be true about an ecosystem with plenty of light and water? A B D The ecosystem will contain a lot of the same type of producer. The ecosystem will have a hard time sustaining any consumers. The ecosystem will contain too many consumers. The ecosystem will contain a lot of and a variety of producers. 28 A good adaptation for living in a grassland would be - the ability to hibernate G the ability of plants to grow very high to reach the sunlight H thick, insulating fur the ability of plants to grow after prairie fires 29 Which of the following situations contributes to stability in an ecosystem? A increase in biodiversity B decrease in biodiversity extinction of a population from the ecosystem D removal of many populations of organisms

12 30 Plants have a hard time living in a desert. Which of the following is the primary limiting factor? elevation G space H food source moisture 32 Some desert animals are most active at dusk and dawn. This adaptation is MOST helpful for - G preying on plant species finding new water sources H avoiding high temperatures hiding from hungry animals 31 A canopy, an understory, and an extremely high number of plant and animal species are characteristics of which biome? A temperate rain forest B deciduous forest desert D tropical rain forest 33 The picture shows organisms from one of the major biomes on Earth. Which biome are all of these organisms able to live in? A tropical rainforest B tundra ocean D desert

13 34 Abiotic factors that could affect the stability of an ecosystem could include: hurricanes, packs of wolves, and temperature G blizzards, heat waves, and swarms of grasshoppers H droughts, floods, and heat waves fish, number of decomposers, and algae 36 Which ecosystem has a better chance of surviving when environmental conditions change over a long period of time? one with a great deal of genetic diversity G one with plants and animals but no bacteria H one with animals and bacteria but no plants one with little or no genetic diversity 35 How is a tundra biome similar to a desert biome? A Both biomes have dry, rocky soils. B Both biomes lack plants or animals. Both biomes are hot during the day and cold at night. D Both biomes are characterized by very little precipitation. 37 Which example represents an abiotic factor in an aquatic ecosystem. A Water lilies float on top of a pond. B A population of bass is living in a lake. The ph of a lake is decreased by acid rain. D Dragonflies feed on small insects near a pond.

14 38 Base your answer to the following question on the graph below. If the environment was to change dramatically, or a new plant disease were to break out, which plant type would most likely survive? wild wheat G domestic wheat H wild corn domestic corn 39 What is one way that a temperate rain forest is different from a temperate deciduous forest? A B D A temperate rain forest has large populations of grasses rather than tall trees. A temperate rain forest is made up of palm trees rather than coniferous trees. A temperate rain forest has a rainy season rather than year round rainfall. A temperate rain forest has trees that that lose their leaves in winter rather than keeping them year-round.

15 40 Which of the following is an example of a marine ecosystem? pond G river H wetland open ocean 41 The diagram below shows interactions between different animals in an ecosystem. What type of ecosystem might be represented by the above diagram? A B D ocean desert wetland arctic tundra

16 Succession Activity Questions Which of these types of environments experiences the LEAST change in the total number and type of species over time? A an ecosystem with only pioneer species B an ecosystem that is in primary succession an ecosystem that is in secondary succession D an ecosystem with a climax community 35 Which plant characteristics are common to pioneer species? plants with roots that act as wedges to slowly break apart rocks G plants with long, thick roots that tap into deep water supplies H trees with exposed surface roots that trap soil and vegetation plants with a broad mat of surface roots that quickly soaks up water 36 A hurricane hits a coastal prairie and destroys the habitat. Years later there is an appearance of small plants with rapidly spreading roots on newly formed coastal sand dunes. (hint: it is a newly formed ecosystem). This vegetation describes A a microhabitat B primary succession secondary succession D biodiversity 37 What is the relationship between ecological succession and equilibrium in an ecosystem? Ecological succession helps maintain equilibrium in an ecosystem. G Ecological succession prevents ecosystems from ever reaching equilibrium. H There is no relationship between ecological succession and equilibrium. Ecological succession and equilibrium are the same thing.

17 38 The diagrams above show an ecosystem during different stages of ecological succession. In which order will these stages occur, from earliest to latest? A 4, 2, 1, 3 B 1, 2, 3, 4 3, 1, 4, 2 D 2, 4, 3, 1 39 Some ranchers use controlled fires to rid their grazing lands of unwanted plants. These ranchers keep their land in early stages of succession and in a state of equilibrium that is best for their livestock. Which of these kinds of plants would MOST LIKELY be some of the first plants found growing in a pasture after fire? trees G grasses H ferns mosses

18 40 The figure above shows the same ecosystem in Texas at two different times. Which of the following MOST likely caused the change of species shown in the figure? A development of a parking lot B passing through of a glacier preservation of habitat D occurrence of a forest fire 41 Lava from an underwater volcano piles up over many years. Eventually, the pile of lava sticks up above the ocean surface, forming a new island. To show that succession is occurring on the island, it would be MOST helpful for a scientist to measure changes in average temperature G day length H annual precipitation soil depth

19 42 A non-native plant is introduced into a diverse, mature ecosystem in equilibrium. Assuming that the non-native plant has no natural enemies and that it thrives in the ecosystem, how will it affect the community? A The native species will become more like the new plant. B The number of native species will decrease. The number of native species will not be affected at all. D The native species will become extinct 43 A non-native animal is introduced into a diverse, mature ecosystem in equilibrium. Assuming that the non-native animal has no natural enemies and that it thrives in the ecosystem, how will it affect the community? Only the plants would be affected. G The entire ecosystem would be affected. H Only the animals would be affected. There would be no effect.

20 44 Which of these types of environments is MOST LIKELY to experience the arrival of a pioneer species? A an old growth forest B an undisturbed prairie an established mountain lake D a newly formed volcanic island 45 Why does secondary succession occur faster than primary succession? ewer changes must occur in secondary succession. G There are more pioneer species in secondary succession. H The environmental conditions are more extreme in primary succession. There are more trophic levels in secondary succession. 46 Which of the following sequences MOST likely represents ecological succession on a recently abandoned farm? A grasses flowering plants shrubs maple trees B maple trees shrubs flowering plants grasses shrubs grasses maple trees flowering plants D flowering plants maple trees shrubs grasses

21 47 Pioneer species such as lichen and moss inhabit an area after a major disturbance, such as a volcanic eruption. Over time, other species are found in the disturbed area, and the number of pioneer species decreases. Why does the number of pioneer species decrease? The amount of available sunlight is reduced. The pioneer species can no longer thrive. G The area has more soil to support complex plants. The competition decreases the pioneer species role. H The area is more susceptible to the wind. Seeds are captured in the pioneer plants and germinate at a higher rate. The temperature is not as extreme as it was following the disturbance. ewer of the pioneer species reproduce.

22 48 A flower bed is created at a school so flowers can be planted in the all. Over the summer it is uncared for. Which of the following could the students expect to find when they come back to school? A B D

23 Exploring Levels of Organization Questions The food that you eat travels from your mouth, down your esophagus, into your stomach, and through your small and large intestines. As the food passes through your body, it is digested, and you get important nutrients from the food. Which of the following is the correct term used to describe a group of body parts working together to perform a specific function? A an organism B a tissue an organ system D an organ 42 Living things are made up of cells. ells are organized at different levels to form very complex living organisms like your body. Each level has a specific job to perform. Which of the following lists these levels in the correct order of organization from the simplest to the most complex? cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism G organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell H tissue, cell, organ, organism, organ system organ, organ system, organism, cell, tissue

24 43 All of the following are true except A Skin is an organ. B Tissues are made up of organs. Each organ is made up of its own kind of tissue. D Tissues are made up of cells. 44 All of the following are types of tissue except muscle G epithelial H the stomach connective 45 Which of the following is a characteristic shared by all organisms? 46 What is represented in the diagram? A All organisms are made up of at least one cell B All organisms are made up of tissues. All organisms have organ systems. a cell D All organisms can use photosynthesis. G H a tissue an organ an organ system

25 47 A cactus is covered with a waxy layer to prevent water loss. Which type of tissue is this? 49 The liver is an important part of the digestive system. Which of the following levels of organization can be found in the liver? A B nervous skeletal protective I. cell II. tissue III. organ IV. organ system V. organism D connective A I B I & II 48 The diagram shows parts of the human body. These parts work together to help you digest the food you eat. D III & IV IV & V Which term describes what you see in the diagram? G H cell tissue organ organ system