Plant Kingdom. Nonvascular Land Plants. Groups of Living Plants. Nonvascular Plants Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts

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1 Plat Kigdom Novascular Mosses, Liverworts ad Horworts Seedless Club mosses & spike mosses Whisk fers Horsetails Novascular Seedbearig Groups of Livig Mosses Liverworts Horworts Seedless Gymosperms Club mosses Whisk fers Horsetails Coifers Getophytes Gikgo Agiosperms Flowerig Novascular Lad I. Phyla (25,000 species) 1. Bryophyta mosses 2. Hepaticophyta liverworts 3. Athocerotophyta horworts II. Uifyig characteristics 1. No vascular tissue 2. No roots, stems ad leaves 3. Domiat gametophyte 4. Sporophyte attached to gametophyte Phylum: Bryophyta Mosses Capsule Sporophyte Seta or stalk Moss Reproductio: Male s Mosses: Male gametophyte Sterile jacket Sperm 1

2 Moss Life Cycle Neck Atheridia Sperm Sporophyte = Capsule & Seta Archegoia s Female gametophyte Veter Protoema Spores () Moss Ecology & Importace Pioeer orgaisms: Graite mosses Volcaic soil (55 C) Atarctic ad Arctic domiat flora with liches Rare i cities (SO2 sesitivity) Liverworts (8000 species) 1. Flatteed s 2. Thallose (20%) 3. Leafy (80%) Asexual reproductio Gemmae i Gemmae cups Accumulators. Scopelophila..copper moss Other mosses accum lead, strotium & zic Liverwort Life Cycle Liverwort Atheridial Head of Male Atheridiophore 2

3 Archegoiophores Liverwort Female Liverwort Sporophyte Foot Seta Capsule Spores Elaters Novascular Groups of Livig Mosses Liverworts Horworts Seedless Club mosses Gymosperms Whisk fers Horsetails Seedbearig Coifers Getophytes Gikgo END Ed Mosses Mosses & & Liverworts Agiosperms Flowerig Phyla of Seedless Lycopodiophyta club mosses Livig fossils Psilophyta whisk fers Equisetophyta horsetails Closely related Pterophyta fers All form atheridia ad archegoia All have flagellated sperm Water required for fertilizatio Phylum: Lycopodiohyta Club Mosses, Groud Pies & Spike mosses 1200 species: tropical & temperate pereial,evergree, brached leaves microphylls rhizomes & advetitious roots Sporagia strobilus Homospory & heterospory : free livig Fossil trees 3

4 Fossil lycopods Phylum: Lycopodiophyta Selagiella = spike moss Lepidodedro Phylum: Lycopodiophyta Club Mosses Heterospory - Spore productio i Selagiella Megasporagia Microsporagia Phylum: Psilophyta whisk fers Characteristics Herbaceous, Evergree Dichotomously brached No roots,no leaves Homosporous Udergroud gametophyte Phylum: Equisetophyta Horsetails/ ScourigRushes/ Sake grass/ Joit Grass Equisetum 15 species Moist, temperature areas Stems: Upright -Herbaceous, evergree, joited, fluted Rhizomes Leaves: scalelike,whorls Homosporous Small gametophytes Psilotum gametophyte gametophyte rhizome 4

5 Fossil Horsetails Equisetum strobilus & sporagia Calamites Sporagia i strobilus Phylum: Pterophyta 365 geera, 12,000 species 75% tropical Free-livig gametophytes Stem = rhizome Leaves = frods Ofte compoud Homosporous mostly Sporagia i a sorus (sori) Frod or compoud leaf Fer Vegetative Sporophyte Piae Sporagium Fer gametophyte = prothallus sorus 5

6 Fer Life Cycle Fer Life Cycle Sporophyte = haploid = Diploid Mature frod Mature sporagium Spore Sorus (cluster of sporagia) Rhizome Mitosis Spore Fer Life Cycle (Prothallus) Spore Sporagium i archegoium Sperm i atheridium Sorus Sporagium Adult sporophyte Fer Life Cycle Sperm FERTILIZATION Embryo Youg sporophyte Summary: Seedless Domiat Sporophyte Tissue i sporophyte Usually evergree ad herbaceous Most are homosporous some heterosporous Free-livig gametophytes All form atheridia & archegoia Motile sperm i most Exteral water for fertilizatio 4 Phyla Lycopodiophyta club mosses, groud pies & spike mosses Psilophyta whisk fers Equisetophyta - horsetails Pterophyta fers 6

7 END Mosses, Liverworts & Seedless 7

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