Chapters 29 & 30: Plant Diversity
|
|
- Sandra Carroll
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapters 29 & 30: Plant Diversity AP Biology Chara species, a pond organism 5 mm Colonization of the Land Coleochaete orbicularis, a disk-shaped charophyte that also lives in ponds (LM) Since colonizing land, plants have diversified into about 290,000 species Evolved from green algae 40 µm Charophyceans are closest relatives of land plants and share these characteristics: 29.3 Rose-shaped complexes for cellulose synthesis 1 Origin of land plants (about 475 mya) 2 Origin of vascular plants (about 425 mya) 3 Origin of extant seed plants (about 305 mya) Hornworts Seed plants Millions of years ago (mya) Plants have been on land for at least 475 million years 29.7 Derived Adaptations Chlorophytes Mitosis n Plantae 29.4 Embryophytes Gamete from another plant Mitosis Viridiplantae ANCESTRAL ALGA Charophytes Plants differ from charophyceans in five key ways: 2 Red algae Streptophyta So closely related to green algae that some think they should be included as plants Apical meristems Vascular plants Pterophytes (ferns, horsetails, whisk ferns) Haploid Diploid n n Gamete n 2n Multicellular gametangia Multicellular dependent embryos Seedless vascular plants Lycophytes (club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts) 2 Formation of phragmoplast (aids in cell plate formation) Walled spores produced in sporangia Land plants Mosses Structure of flagellated sperm Alteration of generations Liverworts ANCESTRAL 1 GREEN ALGA Nonvascular plants (bryophytes) Peroxisome enzyme Zygote Mitosis Alternation of generations
2 Important Plant Terminology produces spores in organs called sporangia 29.5 s Diploid cells called sporocytes undergo meiosis to generate haploid spores Longitudinal section of Sphagnum sporangium (LM) Gametes are produced within organs called gametangia s and sporangia of Sphagnum (a moss) gametangia are called archegonia (produce eggs and are site of fertilization) Male gametangia are called antheridia (produce and release sprem) Archegonia, each with an egg (yellow) Antheridia (brown), containing sperm 29.5 Male 4 Archegonia and antheridia of Marchantia (a liverwort) Important Plant Terminology Apical Meristems - where plants exhibit continual growth Developing leaves Apical meristem of shoot 29.5 Apical meristems of plant roots and shoots Cells here can differentiate into various tissues Cuticle - waxy coating of the epidermis Apical meristem of root Mycorrhizae - symbiotic association bet ween plants and fungi that helps plants obtain nutrients Root Shoot 100 µm 100 µm Seed - an embryo surrounded by a protective coat Seed plants form a clade that can be divided into the clades gymnosperm and angiosperm Plants are grouped based on presence of vascular tissue 5 Bryophytes Nonvascular plants Represented by three phyla of small herbaceous (nonwoody) plants Bud Haploid Diploid s Gametophore dispersal Peristome Mature s Mosses - phylum Bryophyta Archegonia Rhizoid Zygote (within archegonium) Seta Capsule (sporangium) Foot Embryo Archegonium Young 2 mm Sequence of bryophyte evolution is not clear, but mosses are most closely related to vascular plants Antheridia Male Egg Liver worts - phylum Hepatophyta Hornworts - phylum Anthocerophyta Protonemata Bud Capsule with peristome (LM) s An Anthoceros hornwort species 29.8 Polytrichum commune, hairy-cap moss Capsule In all three phyla, s are larger and longer-living than s Seta (a sturdy plant that takes months to grow)
3 Importance of Mosses Capable of inhabiting diverse and extreme environments (although most common in moist forests and wetlands) Help retain nitrogen in soil Sphagnum (peat moss) forms deposits of partially decayed organic material called peat which can be used for fuel Reservoir for organic carbon Overharvesting or water level drop could cause stored CO2 to be released into the atmosphere RESULTS Annual nitrogen loss (kg/ha) (a) With moss Peat being harvested from a peatland Without moss (b) Tollund Man, a bog mummy dating from B.C.E. 7 Seedless Vascular Plants Date back to 420 million years ago Vascular tissue allowed the plants to grow tall Have flagellated sperm (require moist environments) Early tiny plants had independent, branching s but lacked the other derived traits of vascular plants s are the larger generation; s are tiny plants that grown on or below the soil surface Haploid Diploid Sorus dispersal Fiddlehead (young leaf) Mature Young New Rhizoid Underside of mature Zygote Archegonium Egg Antheridium Leaves - organs that increase surface area of vascular plants (capture more solar energy) Two types: Microphylls - with a single vein (perhaps evolved from outgrowths of stems) Megaphylls - highly branched vascular system (perhaps evolved from webbing of flattened branches) Sporophylls - modified leaves with sporangia Most seedless vascular plants are homosporous. Seed plants and some seedless vascular plants are heterosporous Evolution of Leaves Vascular tissue Sporangia Microphyll (a) Microphylls (b) Megaphylls Overtopping growth Other stems become reduced and flattened. Megaphyll Webbing develops
4 Seedless Vascular Plant Phyla Lycophyta - club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts Isoetes gunnii, a quillwort Selaginella moellendorffii, a spike moss 2.5 cm Strobili (clusters of sporophylls) Small herbaceous plants 1 cm Pterophyta - ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns Ferns - most diverse group Diphasiastrum tristachyum, a club moss Equisetum arvense, field horsetail Athyrium filix-femina, lady fern These phyla formed the first forests during the Carboniferous period Vegetative stem 1.5 cm 25 cm Strobilus on fertile stem Psilotum nudum, a whisk fern Caused major global cooling 4 cm Eventually became coal Seeds Bearing Plants Changed the course of plant evolution PLANT GROUP Plants could become dormant Mosses and other nonvascular plants Dominant Reduced s are protected in ovules and pollen grains Ferns and other seedless vascular plants Seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms) Reduced, independent (photosynthetic and free-living) Reduced (usually microscopic), dependent on surrounding tissue for nutrition Reduced, dependent on Dominant for nutrition Dominant Gymnosperm Microscopic female s inside ovulate cone Angiosperm Microscopic female s inside these parts of flowers Example Develop within the walls of spores and retained within the tissue of the parent Microscopic male s inside pollen cone Microscopic male s inside these parts of flowers 30.2 Heterospory Ovules and 11 Heterospory Seed plants evolved from plants that had megasporangia (produce megaspores that give rise to female s) Ovule consists of a megasporangium, megaspore, and protective integuments Seed plants evolved from plants that had microsporangia (produce microspores that give rise to male s - contained in pollen) grain germination involves pollen tube that discharges t wo sperm into the female within the ovule Pollination - transfer of pollen to the part of the seed plant that contains the ovules Immature ovulate cone 30.3 Integument wall Micropyle grain (a) Unfertilized ovule wall Egg nucleus Megaspore Megasporangium Seed coat Discharged sperm nucleus tube Male (b) Fertilized ovule Food supply Embryo (c) Gymnosperm seed Seed develops from the whole ovule embryo along with its food supply packaged in a protective coat 12
5 Conifers Include four plant phyla: Cycadophyta, Gingkophyta, Gnetophya, Coniferophyta 30.5 Cycas revoluta Ginkgo biloba leaves and Ginkgo biloba pollen-producing tree fleshy seeds Ovulate cones Gnetum Welwitschia Ephedra Common juniper Appear early in the fossil record Douglas fir Sequoia European larch Wollemi pine Bristlecone pine 13 Gymnosperm Life Cycle features: Dominance of generation Ovulate cone Megasporocyte Integument cone Microsporocytes Mature Megasporangium grain grains Microsporangia Microsporangium Development of seeds from fertilized ovules Role of pollen in transferring sperm to ovules Ovule Haploid Diploid Surviving megaspore Seedling Archegonium Seeds Food reserves nucleus Egg nucleus Seed coat Embryo (new ) tube Flowering plants Seed plants that produce reproductive structures called flowers and fruits adaptation of angiosperms Flower is a specialized structure for sexual reproduction Most widespread and diverse of all plants 15
6 Stigma Stamen Flower and Fruits Anther Carpel Style Filament Specialized shoot with modified leaves Ovary Petal Sepal Tomato Sepals enclose the flower Petals brightly colored to attract pollinators Ovule Ruby grapefruit Nectarine Figs Hazelnut Stamens which produce pollen Wings Milkweed Carpels which produce ovules Seeds within berries Fruits consist of a mature ovary and can be dispersed by wind, water, or animals 16 Barbs Angiosperm Life Cycle Double fertilization occurs when a pollen tube discharges t wo sperm into the female within an ovule One sperm fertilizes the egg; the other combines with t wo nuclei in the center cell of the female and initiates development of a food-storing endosperm Mature flower on plant Microsporangium Anther Microsporocytes Ovule Ovary Germinating seed Microspore Generative cell Male (in pollen grain) Embryo Surviving megaspore Seed coat (embryo sac) Nucleus of developing endosperm (3n) Zygote Antipodal cells Central cell Synergids Egg grains Stigma Megasporangium Endosperm (3n) Seed Tube cell tube Style tube Egg nucleus Haploid Diploid Discharged sperm nuclei Endosperm nourishes the developing embryo 17 Angiosperm Evolution Originated at least 140 million years ago Primitive fossils of 125 million-year-old angiosperms display both derived and primitive characteristics Thought that ancestors had separate pollen producing and ovule producing structures before they were combined into a single flower Carpel Stamen 5 cm (a) Archaefructus sinensis, a 125million-year-old fossil (b) Artist s reconstruction of Archaefructus sinensis
7 Basal Angiosperm Diversity Two groups: Star anise Monocots Orchid Lily Monocots - one cotyledon Eudicots - t wo cotyledons Water lily Amborella trichopoda Pygmy date palm Anther Basal angiosperms less derived Stigma Ovary Filament Barley, a grass Eudicots Magnoliids - share some traits with basal angiosperms but are more closely related to monocots and eudicots California poppy Dog rose Pyrenean oak Snow pea Zucchini 19 Angiosperm Diversity Monocot Monocot Eudicot Roots Embryos Two cotyledons One cotyledon Leaf venation Veins usually netlike Veins usually parallel Taproot (main root) usually present Root system usually fibrous (no main root) grain with one opening Stems Vascular tissue scattered Eudicot grain with three openings Flowers Vascular tissue usually arranged in ring Floral organs usually in multiples of three Floral organs usually in multiples of four or five 20 Links Bet ween and Animals Pollination of flowers by animals and transport of seeds by animals Crucial for sur vival of humans Food, wood, and medicines Humans are destroying habitats and causing extinction 21
Chapter 29: Plant Diversity I How Plants Colonized Land
Chapter 29: Plant Diversity I How Plants Colonized Land 1. Evolutionary History of Plants 2. General Features of Plants 3. Survey of the Plant Kingdom A. Nonvascular Plants B. Seedless Vascular Plants
More informationBryophyte Gametophytes. Bryophyte Gametophytes. A spore germinates into a gametophyte. composed of a protonema and gamete producing gametophore
A spore germinates into a composed of a protonema and gamete producing gametophore Rhizoids Anchor s to substrate Lack of vascular :ssues Bryophyte Gametophytes Restricts the height of s Mature s produce
More informationPlant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I: How Plants
More informationPlant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land
Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions
More informationBIOLOGY. Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 29 Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick The Greening of Earth
More informationKingdom: Plantae. Domain Archaea. Domain Eukarya. Domain Bacteria. Common ancestor
Kingdom: Plantae Domain Eukarya Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor The First Plants For more than 3 billion years, Earth s terrestrial surface was lifeless life evolved in the
More informationAP Biology. Evolution of Land Plants. Kingdom: Plants. Plant Diversity. Animal vs. Plant life cycle. Bryophytes: mosses & liverworts
Kingdom: Plants Domain Eukarya Domain Domain Domain Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya 2007-2008 Common ancestor Evolution of Land Plants 500 mya land plants evolved special adaptations for life on dry land protection
More informationPlant Diversity & Evolution (Outline)
Plant Diversity & Evolution (Outline) Review the Life cycle of Fungi Characteristics of organisms in the Kingdom Plantae. Evolution of plants: Challenges and adaptations to living on land Highlights of
More informationPlant Structure Size General Observations
Kingdom Plantae Plant Structure Size General Observations Diversity Within the Plant Kingdom Pine Trees What is a plant? Multicellular Eukaryotes Perform Photosynthesis (base of all terrestrial food chains)
More informationUnit 7: Plant Evolution, Structure and Function
Time: 7 Days (some time spent working over breaks on this topic) and then an exam 16% of the AP Exam is on this material. Topics Covered: Reproduction, growth, and development Structural, physiological,
More informationPlant Evolution & Diversity
Plant Evolution & Diversity Ancestors of plants were probably charophytes (green algae) Chlorophyll a and b, beta carotene Similar thylakoid arrangements Identical cell walls Starch as a storage carbohydrate
More informationBiology 211 (1) Exam 3 Review! Chapter 31!
Biology 211 (1) Exam 3 Review Chapter 31 Origin of Land Plants: 1. Fill in the correct amount of years ago the following events occurred. years ago there was a thin coating of cyanobacteri b. years ago
More informationChapter 29 Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land
Chapter 29: Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land Name Period Concept 29.1 Land plants evolved from green algae 1. Plants colonized land about
More informationDiversity of Plants How Plants Colonized the Land
Chapter 29, 30. Diversity of Plants How Plants Colonized the Land 1 The first plants For more than 3 billion years, Earth s terrestrial surface was lifeless life evolved in the seas 1st photosynthetic
More informationPROTISTS. Bui Tan Anh College of Natural Sciences
CHAPTER 6 Plantae PROTISTS Protistsare eukaryotes and thus have organelles and are more complex than prokaryotes. Most protistsare unicellular, but there are some colonial and multicellular species Nutrition
More informationBiology. Chapter 21. Plant Evolution. Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr. Cengage Learning 2015
Biology Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr Chapter 21 Plant Evolution 21.1 How Did Plants Adapt To Life on Land? Plants evolved from green algae, and underwent an adaptive radiation on land
More informationUnit 2B- The Plants. Plants can be classified according to the presence or absence of vascular tissue.
Unit 2B- The Plants Botany is the study of plants. All plants are said to have a common ancestor; (ie.) it is thought that plants have evolved from an ancient group of green algae. Plants and green algae
More informationPlants Review 1. List the 6 general characteristics of plants. 2. What did plants probably evolve from? 3. What are some advantages for life on land
Plants Review 1. List the 6 general characteristics of plants. 2. What did plants probably evolve from? 3. What are some advantages for life on land for a plant? 4. What are the 3 main groups of plants?
More informationKingdom Plantae. Biology : A Brief Survey of Plants. Jun 22 7:09 PM
Kingdom Plantae Biology 2201 6.1 6.2 : A Brief Survey of Plants The study of plants is called botany. Plants are believed to have evolved from green algae. The main plant (land) characteristics are as
More informationIntroduction to the Plant Kingdom - 1
Introduction to the Plant Kingdom - 1 The Plant Kingdom comprises a large and varied group of organisms that have the following characteristics in common. All plants are: Eukaryotic Photosynthetic Multicellular
More informationPlant Evolution and Diversity. B. Importance of plants. C. Where do plants fit, evolutionarily? What are the defining traits of plants?
Plant Evolution and Diversity Reading: Chap. 30 I. What is a plant? A. Basic structure and function B. Why are plants important? C. What are plants, evolutionarily? D. Problems of living on land II. Overview
More informationPhylum Bryophyta : (Page 169)
Kingdom Plantae : Plants... - nonmotile eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic organisms - rigid cell walls built of cellulose - life cycles show alternation of generations...two distinct phases called
More informationPlants. and their classi.ication
+ Plants and their classi.ication +Why are plants important? n Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide + water + energy à sugar + oxygen 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O à C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 n Food (green tea, fruits, seeds, roots,
More informationBryophytes Pteridophytes Progymnosperms Gymnosperms Angiosperms. Vascularity
Biology 3B Laboratory Vascular Seed Plants Gymnosperm & Angiosperm Objectives To understand the general systematic relationships of gymnosperms and angiosperms To describe the general features of gymnosperms
More informationLAB 13 The Plant Kingdom
LAB 13 The Plant Kingdom Overview The importance of plants for life on earth cannot be overstated. Plants along with photosynthetic microbes produce all of the oxygen gas (O 2 ) in our atmosphere. Essentially
More informationTopic 2: Plants Ch. 16,28
Topic 2: Plants Ch. 16,28 Characteristics of Plants p. 316 1. Multicellular eukaryotic organisms 2. Composed of tissues, organs and organ systems. 3. Cell walls made of cellulose. 4. Store energy as starch.
More informationDomain Eukarya: Kingdom Plantae non-vascular plants
Domain Eukarya: Kingdom Plantae non-vascular plants Land plants descended from a green algae ancestor Some key characteristics of land plants are shared with green algae, like Multicellular, eukaryotic,
More informationWorksheet for Morgan/Carter Laboratory #16 Plant Diversity II: Seed Plants
Worksheet for Morgan/Carter Laboratory #16 Plant Diversity II: Seed Plants BE SURE TO CAREFULLY READ THE INTRODUCTION PRIOR TO ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS!!! You will need to refer to your text book to answer
More informationClassification of Plants
Classification of Plants Plants Aquatic Plants Ex. green algae Similarities between green algae and land plants: A) have chlorophylls a and b B) cellulose cell walls C) store food energy in the form of
More informationBIO10 Plant Lecture Notes ch. 17. Plant Kingdom
Plant Kingdom Characteristics of the Plant Kingdom; eukaryotic, multicellular, sexually reproducing organisms autotroph feed themselves by photosynthesis Facts about members of this kingdom the dominant
More informationBotany: Part I Overview of Plants & Plant Structure
Botany: Part I Overview of Plants & Plant Structure Plant evolution Plant Evolution Chlorophytes Bryophytes (nonvascular plants) Seedless vascular plants Gymnosperms Angiosperms Chlorophytes are a green
More informationEarly-bird Special The following terms refer to alternation of generation:
Early-bird Special The following terms refer to alternation of generation: Homosporous ( one type of spore. a single type of spore produces a single type of gametophyte which produces both male and female
More informationSome History: In the life cycle of the kelp Laminaria. One way to separate algae from protozoa is that. Rocks of Cambrian Age (ca.
One way to separate algae from protozoa is that a. Protozoa are photosynthetic, while algae are not. b. Algae are photosynthetic, while protozoa are not. c. Protozoa are prokaryotic, while algae are eukaryotic.
More informationCh. 22: Plant Growth, Reproduction & Response
Ch. 22: Plant Growth, Reproduction & Response generally reproduce sexually, though many can also reproduce asexually. Some have lost ability to reproduce sexually. All plant lifecycles involve alternation
More informationSTUDY QUESTIONS TEST 2 ANTHOCEROPHYTA, TRACHEOPHYTES AND PLANT STRUCTURE
STUDY QUESTIONS TEST 2 ANTHOCEROPHYTA, TRACHEOPHYTES AND PLANT STRUCTURE 1. Name the Bryophyte phylum that is most closely related to vascular plants? 2. How do Anthocerophyta differ from other Bryophytes?
More information-plant bodies composed of tissues produced by an apical meristem. -spores with tough walls. -life history of alternation of generations
Chapter 21-Seedless Plants Major modern plant groups All groups of land-adapted plants have a common set of characteristics: -plant bodies composed of tissues produced by an apical meristem -spores with
More informationDownloaded from
A.I.P.M.T. Foundation - XI Biology MCQs Time: 30 min MCQ#8 Full Marks: 40 Choose the most appropriate answer. 1. They are non-vascular plants: 1. Hosrsetails 2. Conifers 3. Club mosses 4. Liverworts 2.
More informationChapter 30. Plant Diversity II The Seed Plants
Chapter 30 Plant Diversity II The Seed Plants The rise of the seed plants Recall that our discussions on terrestrial plants up until this point have focused on a transition from the aquatic green algae
More informationThe Plant Kingdom If you were to walk around a forest, what would you see? Most things that you would probably name are plants.
INTRODUCTION TO PLANTS The Plant Kingdom If you were to walk around a forest, what would you see? Most things that you would probably name are plants. Plants are abundant in almost every environment that
More informationWhat is a Plant? Plant Life Cycle. What did they evolve from? Original Habitat 1/15/2018. Plant Life Cycle Alternation of Generations
What is a Plant? Multicellular Eukaryotic Autotrophic (photosynthesis) Has cell walls containing cellulose Lack mobility (sessile) Display Alternation of Generations in their life cycle Introduction to
More informationMs.Sastry, AP Biology Unit 4/Chp 26 to 34/Diversity 1 Chapter in class follow along lecture notes
Ms.Sastry, AP Biology Unit 4/Chp 26 to 34/Diversity 1 Chapter 26 34 in class follow along lecture notes Chp 26 Origin of life: 1) When did earth form? 2) What is the order of evolution of life forms on
More information1 Mosses and other bryophytes are like ferns in that both bryophytes and ferns exhibit each of the following traits EXCEPT
Page 1 1 Mosses and other bryophytes are like ferns in that both bryophytes and ferns exhibit each of the following traits EXCEPT A haploid spores. B specialized cells and tissues. C vascular tissue for
More informationPlant Kingdom. C l a s s i f i c a t i o n Artificially grouped into Nonvascular or Vascular Plants
Plant Kingdom C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s Eukaryotic Photosynthetic Multicellular Sexually reproducing Life History involves an alternation of a haploid phase (Gametophyte) with a diploid phase (Sporophyte)
More information26 The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece 26 The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge Overview: The Greening
More informationComparing Plants & Animals
Section 6.1 Comparing Plants & Animals p. 164-168 Major Similarities: They are both multi-cellular, eukaryotes. Their sizes both range from microscopic to very large. Major Differences: How they obtain
More informationPlants. Key point: History of land plants is the increasing adaptation to terrestriality.
Plants Key point: History of land plants is the increasing adaptation to terrestriality. Colonized land 475 mya (Ordovician), began growing taller 370 mya (Carboniferous). Plants form the basis for every
More informationPlants. Challenges of terrestriality. Advantages of terrestriality 2/15/15. Important adaptations to life on land
Plants Challenges of terrestriality Key point: History of land plants is the increasing adaptation to terrestriality. Colonized land 475 mya (Ordovician), began growing taller 370 mya (Carboniferous).
More informationReproductive Morphology
Week 3; Wednesday Announcements: 1 st lab quiz TODAY Reproductive Morphology Reproductive morphology - any portion of a plant that is involved with or a direct product of sexual reproduction Example: cones,
More informationMulticellular Eukaryotic Autotrophic Sessile means cannot move Have cellulose in their cell walls
1 Plant Characteristics: Multicellular Eukaryotic Autotrophic Sessile means cannot move Have cellulose in their cell walls chloroplast vacuole Golgi body Cell wall nucleus mitochondria Cell membrane 2
More information4/30/2014. The lives of modern plants and fungi are intertwined We depend on plants and indirectly, fungi for much of our food.
and the Colonization of Land The lives of modern plants and fungi are intertwined We depend on plants and indirectly, fungi for much of our food. Plants are often harmed by fungi. On the other hand, nearly
More informationPlant Vocabulary. Define
Define Plant Vocabulary 1. Photosynthesis 2. Eukaryotic 3. Monocot 4. Dicot 5. Cotyledon 6. Roots 7. Stems 8. Leaves 9. Xylem 10. Phloem 11. Capillary action 12. Meristem 13. Apical meristem 14. Vascular
More informationBio Ch Plants.notebook. April 09, 2015
1 Plants are vitally important to all life on Earth, especially humans Form the base of the food chain Medicines Clothing Building Materials 2 Plants for Food Cereals - The grass family - Rich in carbohydrates
More informationPlants I. Introduction
Plants I Objectives: 1. List the characteristics of plants that link them to their ancestral green algae. 2. Describe the problems faced by plants that moved onto the land. 3. Describe the adaptations
More informationThe overall category of plants are 1) eukaryotic 2) multicellular 3)organisms capable of photosynthesis 4)built with cellulose 5) and have
Chapter 23 The overall category of plants are 1) eukaryotic 2) multicellular 3)organisms capable of photosynthesis 4)built with cellulose 5) and have alternation of generations. Plants most likely first
More informationFlowering Plants (Angiosperms)
Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Inside ovary: Structures called ovules.. Meiosis occurs in these, producing four haploid female spores. Three of these disintegrate. The fourth
More informationTopic 22. Introduction to Vascular Plants: The Lycophytes
Topic 22. Introduction to Vascular Plants: The Lycophytes Introduction to Vascular Plants Other than liverworts, hornworts, and mosses, all plants have vascular tissues. As discussed earlier, the mosses
More informationKingdom Plantae. X. Responding to Environment (10B, 12B) What are plant hormones? (p.648) What are receptor proteins? (p.648)
X. Responding to Environment (10B, 12B) What are plant hormones? (p.648) What are receptor proteins? (p.648) Kingdom Plantae What are auxins? (p.648) What are nastic responses? (p.651) What is a tropic
More informationPlants Notes. Plant Behavior Phototropism - growing towards light
Plants Notes Plant Behavior Phototropism - growing towards light Geotropism - roots knowing which direction is down Thigmotropism - a plant's response to touch Ex. a vine wrapping around and climbing a
More informationExam 2 Mean = 67.8 Median = In bryophytes meiosis produces the. a. sporophyte b. gametophyte c. gametes d. sporangium e.
Exam 2 Mean = 67.8 Median = 69.0 38. In bryophytes meiosis produces the. a. sporophyte b. gametophyte c. gametes d. sporangium e. spores 1 49. Which of the following is least closely related to bryophytes?
More informationseed plants (chapter 30)
seed plants (chapter 30) seed plant evolutionary hallmarks 1) microscopic gametophytes protection (UV, desiccation) nutrition from parents (increased chance for survival) microscopic gametophytes... seedless,
More informationPlant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land
29 Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land KEY CONCEPTS 29.1 Land plants evolved from green algae 29.2 Mosses and other nonvascular plants have life cycles dominated by gametophytes 29.3 612 Ferns
More informationAnnouncements. Lab Quiz #1 on Monday: (30pts) conifers + cones, vegetative morphology. Study: Display case outside HCK 132 with labeled conifers
Announcements Lab Quiz #1 on Monday: (30pts) conifers + cones, vegetative morphology Study: Display case outside HCK 132 with labeled conifers Movie: Sexual Encounters of the Floral Kind Intro to Keying/Greenhouse
More information22 3 Seedless Vascular Plants Slide 1 of 33
22 3 Seedless Vascular Plants 1 of 33 Evolution of Vascular Tissue Plants have vascular tissue, which is specialized to conduct water and nutrients throughout the plant. Xylem carries water from the roots
More informationThe Producers: The Plant Kingdom An Introduction to Plants and the Mosses
The Producers: The Plant Kingdom An Introduction to Plants and the Mosses Mosses Phylum Bryophyta - ~12,000 species Liverworts - Phylum Hepaticophyta - ~8,500 species Hornworts - Phylum Anthocerophyta
More informationStudy Guide B. Answer Key. Plant Diversity
Plant Diversity Answer Key SECTION 1. ORIGINS OF PLANT LIFE 1. eukaryotic, photosynthetic, same types of chlorophyll, starch as storage product, cellulose in cell walls 2. Charophyceae 3. multicellular
More informationBiology Slide 1 of 28
Biology 1 of 28 2 of 28 22-4 Seed Plants Seed plants are the most dominant group of photosynthetic organisms on land. 3 of 28 22-4 Seed Plants Seed plants are divided into two groups: Gymnosperms bear
More informationThe move from water to land. The move from water to land. Chapter 16- Evolution of Plants. Green algae are the ancestors to all plants
Chapter 16- Evolution of Plants From Protists to Plants Moving right along! Green algae are the ancestors to all plants Who, ME? Wow I feel so important! Charophyceans 475 million years ago, shallow seas
More informationPlants Have Changed the World
Chapter 19 Plants Man: G. R. "Dick" Roberts/Natural Sciences Image Library Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill
More informationChapter 23: Plant Diversity and Life Cycles
Chapter 23: Plant Diversity and Life Cycles Section 1: Introduction to Plants Cuticle: a waxy or fatty and watertight layer on the external wall of epidermal cells Spore: a reproductive cell or multicellular
More informationMajor lineages and life cycles of land plants. Green plants: viridiplantae
Liverworts Mosses Hornworts Lycophytes Major lineages and life cycles of land plants Green plants: viridiplantae Green plants Embryophytes (land plants) Bryophytes Tracheophytes (vascular plants) Seed
More informationMock Exam I (BY 124) 8. Sori can be found on which of the following? A. Pterophytes B. Mosses C. Liverworts D. Hornworts E.
1. When you see a green leafy moss, you are looking at the. A. Structure where meiosis occurs B. Sporophyte generation C. Gametophyte generation D. Spore-producing structure 2. Which of the following traits
More informationKingdom Plantae. A Brief Survey of Plants
Kingdom Plantae A Brief Survey of Plants The study of plants is called botany. Plants are believed to have evolved from green algae. The main plant (land) characteristics are as follows: 1. Common cellular
More informationSeed Plants. Gymnosperms & Angiosperms
Seed Plants Gymnosperms & Angiosperms 1 Quick Defs Vascular = xylem and phloem Xylem = Brings water/nutrients from roots to the plant. Phloem = Brings sugars down from the leaves 2 Evolution Of Land Plants
More informationCHAPTERS 16 & 17: PROKARYOTES, FUNGI, AND PLANTS Honors Biology 2012 PROKARYOTES PROKARYOTES. Fig Lived alone on Earth for over 1 billion years
CHAPTERS 6 & 7: PROKARYOTES, FUNGI, AND PLANTS Honors Biology 0 PROKARYOTES Lived alone on Earth for over billion years Most numerous and widespread organisms (total biomass of prokaryotes is ten times
More informationSYLLABUS THEME B PLANT CLASSIFICATION & DIVERSITY INTRODUCTION TO TAXONOMY HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
SYLLABUS THEME B PLANT CLASSIFICATION & DIVERSITY B1: Naming and classification of organisms Biology of Plants - Raven et al. 2005 pp. 219-237 INTRODUCTION TO TAXONOMY Taxonomy Naming Describing Classifying
More informationPlants and Fungi. Bryophytes Bryophytes, most commonly mosses Sprawl as low mats over acres of land
Plants and Fungi Terrestrial Adaptations of Plants Structural Adaptations A plant is a multicellular eukaryote and a photoautotroph, making organic molecules by photosynthesis In terrestrial habitats,
More informationPlant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants
30 Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants KEY CONC EPTS 30.1 Seeds and pollen grains are key adaptations for life on land 30.2 Gymnosperms bear naked seeds, typically on cones 30.3 The reproductive
More information6H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2
Use this as another study tool to help you narrow the focus of the notes down to the majority of what is going to be on the plant systems unit test. Keep in mind that memorizing just what is in this handout
More informationUnit 5: Plant Science. Mr. Nagel Meade High School
Unit 5: Plant Science Mr. Nagel Meade High School Warm Up What significant roles do plants perform on Earth? How do you know? Name two modern issues that could be interrelated with plants. IB Syllabus
More informationClass XI Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom Biology
Question 1: What is the basis of classification of algae? Algae are classified into three main classes Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyceae. These divisions are based on the following factors:
More informationSlide 1 / 86. Angiosperms: The Flowering Plants
Slide 1 / 86 Angiosperms: The Flowering Plants Slide 2 / 86 Brief Phylogeny of Plants Monocot Dicot This presentation will focus on angiosperms Angiosperm Gymnosperm Seeded Plants Non-Seeded plants Vascular
More informationA. Additional terrestrial adaptations evolved as vascular plants descended from bryophytelike
PLANT DIVERSITY I: THE COLONIZATION OF LAND OUTLINE I. An Overview of Plant Evolution A. Structural, chemical, and reproductive adaptations enabled plants to colonize land B. The history of terrestrial
More information8/25/ Opening Questions: Name the ist. Chapter 9 Biodiversity 2: Fungi and Plants Module Hyperlinks. Match the subject with the scientist:
Chapter 9 Biodiversity 2: Fungi and Plants Module Hyperlinks 9.1. Fungi 9.2. Fungi structure and reproduction 9.3. Plant adaptations 9.4. Plant bodies consist of roots, stems, and leaves. 9.5. Plant bodies
More information3. Diagram a cladogram showing the evolutionary relationships among the four main groups of living plants.
OBJECTIVE SHEET PLANTS Phylum: Coniferophyta (gymnosperms the conifers) Phylum: Anthophyta (angiosperms the flowering plants) 1. Explain the alternation of generations in the two-phase life cycle of all
More informationDirected Reading A. Section: Structures of Seed Plants. is called a. shoots. c. phloem. b. xylem. d. leaves. is called ROOTS. size.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Structures of Seed Plants 1. Vascular tissue that transports water and minerals through a plant is called a. shoots. c. phloem. b. xylem. d. leaves. 2. Vascular
More informationChapter 3 Plant Kingdom
Class XI Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom Biology Question 1: What is the basis of classification of algae? Algae are classified into three main classes Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyceae. These divisions
More informationPlant Classification
Plant Classification 1. General Characteristics and structures These organisms are all multicellular eukaryotes that are autotrophs and acquire their nutrients by photosynthesis. They have plastids which
More informationBiology Lab: The Diversity of the Plant Kingdom
Biology Lab: The Diversity of the Plant Kingdom Name Date Introduction: Simply put, life on Earth relies on the plants for survival. By carrying out photosynthesis, plants provide enough food for themselves
More informationPlant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants
30 Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants EVOLUTION K E Y C O N C E P T S 30.1 Seeds and pollen grains are key adaptations for life on land 30.2 Gymnosperms bear naked seeds, typically on cones
More informationTypes of Plants. Unit 6 Review 5/2/2011. Plants. A. pine B. moss C. corn plant D. bean plant E. liverwort
Unit 6 Review Plants Initial questions are worth 1 point each. Each question will be followed by an explanation All questions will be asked a second time at the very end, each of those questions will be
More informationUnit 11: Plants Guided Reading Questions (75 pts total)
Name: AP Biology Biology, Campbell and Reece, 7th Edition Adapted from chapter reading guides originally created by Lynn Miriello Unit 11: Plants Guided Reading Questions (75 pts total) Chapter 29 Plant
More informationFigure 30.19 Life cycle of a typical fern. Both the gametophyte and sporophyte are photosynthetic and can live independently. Water is necessary for fertilization. Sperm are released on the underside of
More informationRoot cross-section (Ranunculus)
Plant Lab Review Root cross-section (Ranunculus) Epidermis Cortex Vascular Cylinder Phloem Endodermis Xylem Ranunculus Root Cross section Give three functions of the root Anchor plant Absorb water and
More information1/15/2014. Monocots, Dicots, Gymnosperms & Ferns. Classification of Plants. Classification of Plants
Monocots, Dicots, Gymnosperms & Ferns Plant Classification & Basic Plant Groups for the Landscape Classification of Plants Taxonomic classification starts with the least specific it s a plant And ends
More informationName Hour Section 22-1 Introduction to Plants (pages ) Generation Description Haploid or Diploid? Gamete-producing plant Spore-producing plant
Name Hour Section 22-1 Introduction to Plants (pages 551-555) What Is a Plant? (page 551) 1. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about plants. a. Plants are multicellular prokaryotes. b. Plants
More informationSlide 1. Slide 2. Slide Onto Land
Slide 1 18.1 Onto Land 18.1.1 Describe the evolutionary relationship between green algae and land plants. 18.1.2 List the five significant events in the evolution of land plants. 18.1.3 Describe the alternation
More informationChapter 15. Plant Evolution and Classification Worksheets. (Opening image copyright Jonathan Lingel, Used under license from Shutterstock.com.
Chapter 15 Plant Evolution and Classification Worksheets (Opening image copyright Jonathan Lingel, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com.) Lesson 15.1: Introduction to the Plant Kingdom Lesson
More informationReview of flower terminology
Angiosperms: Phylum Anthophyta, the flowering plants 1. Overview of seed plant evolution 2. Traits of flowering plants a) Flowers b) Fruits/Seeds c) Monocots vrs. Eudicots 3. The angiosperm life cycle
More information*Modifications in reproduction were key adaptations enabling plants to spread into a variety of terrestrial habitats.
Plant Reproduction *Modifications in reproduction were key adaptations enabling plants to spread into a variety of terrestrial habitats. Reproduction In Plants Plant reproduction is the production of new
More informationUnit 10 Plants/ Study Guide
Name Class Date Section 20.1: Origins of Plant Life Unit 10 Plants/ Study Guide KEY CONCEPT Plant life began in the water and became adapted to land. VOCABULARY plant vascular system seed cuticle stomata
More information