W. John Kress TRACKING EVOLUTIONARY DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENETIC STRUCTURE ACROSS GLOBAL FOREST DYNAMICS PLOTS USING PLANT DNA BARCODES
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1 TRACKING EVOLUTIONARY DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENETIC STRUCTURE ACROSS GLOBAL FOREST DYNAMICS PLOTS USING PLANT DNA BARCODES 6 th international Barcode of Life Conference Guelph, 2015 W. John Kress
2 50-ha Forest Dynamics Plot on Barro Colorado Island, Panama Vital statistics of BCI Island in Panama Canal Premier Ecological Plot 296 tree species 1035 specimens (~3 accession/species) 180 Genera 49 Families ~50% of genera have one species
3 50-ha Forest Dynamics Plot on Barro Colorado Island, Panama Building the DNA Barcode Reference Library: rbcl, matk, and trnh-psba for Species Identification RESULTS rbcla + trnh-psba + matk 98% of all samples could be assigned to correct Species All ambiguity was in 4 genera: Psychotria, Ficus, Inga, Piper 100% of sequences were assigned to correct Genus Partial sequences were assigned correctly
4 50-ha Forest Dynamics Plot on Barro Colorado Island, Panama Constructing a Community Phylogeny with DNA Barcodes: A Supermatrix of rbcl, matk, and trnh-psba Kress, W.J., D.L. Erickson, F. A. Jones, N.G. Swenson, R. Perez, O. Sanjur, and E. Bermingham Plant DNA barcodes and a community phylogeny of a tropical forest dynamics plot in Panama. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 106: (
5 Follow-up Papers on BCI DNA Barcode Work Kress, W.J., D.L. Erickson, F. A. Jones, N.G. Swenson, R. Perez, O. Sanjur, and E. Bermingham Plant DNA barcodes and a community phylogeny of a tropical forest dynamics plot in Panama. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 106: ( Schreeg, L. A., W. J. Kress, D. L. Erickson, N. G. Swenson Phylogenetic analysis of local-scale tree soil associations in a lowland moist tropical forest. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13685 (doi: /journal.pone ). Westbrook, J. W., K. Kitajima, J. G. Burleigh, W. J. Kress, D. L. Erickson, and S. J. Wright What makes a leaf tough? Mechanistic and evolutionary analysis of leaf physical defense among 197 shade-tolerant woody species in a neotropical forest. Am. Nat. 177: Jones, F. A., D.L. Erickson, M.A Bernal, E. Bermingham, W. J. Kress, E.A. Herre, H. C Muller-Landau, B. L. Turner The roots of diversity: below ground species richness and rooting distributions in a tropical forest revealed by DNA barcodes and inverse modeling. PLoS ONE 6: e Doi: /journal.pone Swenson, N. G., D. L. Erickson, X-C Mi, N. A. Bourg, J.Montana-Forero 5 X-J Ge 6 R. Howe, J. K. Lake, X-J. Liu, K-P. Ma, N-C. Pei, J. Thompson, M. Uriarte, A. Wolf, S. J. Wright, W-H Ye, J-L. Zhang, J. K. Zimmerman and W. J. Kress Phylogenetic and Functional Alpha and Beta Diversity in Temperate and Tropical Tree Communities. Ecology 93:S112-S125. Swenson, N.G., J.C. Stegen, S.J. Davies, D.L. Erickson, J. Forero-Montana, A.H. Hurlbert, W.J. Kress, J. Thompson, M. Uriarte, S.J. Wright and J.K. Zimmerman Temporal turnover in the composition of tropical tree communities: functional determinism and phylogenetic stochasticity. Ecology 93: Martin, A. R., D. L. Erickson, W. J. Kress, and S. C. Thomas Wood nitrogen concentrations in tropical trees: phylogenetic patterns and ecological correlates. New Phytol. doi: /nph Lasky, J. R. M. Uriarte, V. Boukili, D. L. Erickson, W.J. Kress, R. L. Chazdon The relationship between tree biodiversity and biomass dynamics changes with tropical forest succession. Ecol. Lett. 17:
6 Center for Tropical Forest Science and ForestGEO Purpose: *Forest Dynamics *Climate Change *Conservation Neotropical: BCI, Luquillo Neotemperate: SCBI, Composition: SERC, Wabikon Lake, Wind River, Yosemite, Wytham Woods Asian Tropical: Bukit *61 Timah, Plots in 24 Countries Asian Temperate: *6 Dinghushan, Million Trees Changbaishan, Monitored Gutianshan, Fushan, *10,000 Lienhuachih, Species Nanjenshan
7 Mega-Phylogeny of All Plots Vital statistics 15 plots 1,347 tree species 553 Genera 125 Families Phylogeny: rbcl, MatK, trnh-psba Constraint Tree SATe Alignment GARLI: ML Resolution: 78% (81-100%)
8 Mega-Phylogeny of All Plots Vital statistics 15 plots 1,347 tree species 553 Genera 125 Families Phylogeny: rbcl, MatK, trnh-psba Constraint Tree SATe Alignment GARLI: ML Resolution: 78% (81-100%)
9 Legend: CLADE Legend: clade 1 Legend: Dinghu CLADE 1 Mega-Phylogeny: Species & Phylogenetic Diversity Vital statistics 15 plots 1,347 tree species 553 Genera 125 Families 1 BCI SR = 337 MPD = 0.68 MNTD = 0.33 Dinghushan SR = 192 MPD = 0.66 MNTD = 0.25 Phylogeny: SR = Species rbcl, Richness MatK, trnh-psba MPD = Mean Constraint Phylogenetic Tree Distance SATe Alignment MNTD = Mean GARLI: ML Nearest Taxon Resolution: Distance78% (81-100%) Fushan SR = 98 MPD = 0.73 MNTD = 0.26 Yosemite SR = 7 MPD = 1.12 MNTD = 0.49
10 The Smithsonian Institution Established in Museums 9 Research Institutes 30 Million Visitors per Year 135 Million Specimens and Objects 350 Research Scientists Tropical and Temperate Field Stations
11
12 National Zoological Park Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
13 BIODIVERSITY INITIATIVES ACROSS THE SMITHSONIAN BioGenomics Conservation and Sustainability Global Earth Observatories ANTHROPOCENE
14 Global Earth Observatories
15 Global Earth Observatories Smithsonian ForestGEO
16 Global Earth Observatories Smithsonian ForestGEO *61 Plots in 24 Countries *6 Million Trees Monitored *10,000 Species
17 Global Earth Observatories Smithsonian MarineGEO Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network
18 Global Earth Observatories Smithsonian MarineGEO Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network *7 Sites in 3 Countries
19 BioGenomics
20 Genomics is revolutionizing biodiversity sciences BioGenomics
21 Smithsonian Areas of Scientific Excellence Evolution Diversity Conservation Ecology BioGenomics
22 Smithsonian Core Foundations Biodiversity Collections Evolution Diversity Scientists Partnerships Conservation Ecology BioGenomics Power to Convene
23 BioGenomics biogenomics.si.edu
24 Institute for Biodiversity Genomics Institute Leadership Director Executive Board Project Leaders for each Core Area Outreach/Communication Specialist Advancement Team Administrative Support Collections and BioRepositories Tissue acquisition, storage, use, and distribution Virtual Laboratories Sharing protocols, tools, resources across all units Advisory Committee External Review Computational Genomics Program Associate Director Bioinformatics Leader Computer Engineer leader Computer and Software Support Ten Teams Distributed across all Units Core Areas of Research Emphasis Conservation Genomics Evolutionary Genomics Ecological Genomics Phylo- Genomics Other Signature Programs Existing PIs, New PIs, External/Visiting scientists
25 BioGenomics
26 Global Genome Initiative Vision Preserving the genomic diversity of life on Earth Mission BioGenomics Global network Evolutionary & Ecological Research Genomic biorepositories Genomes of key branches of tree of life Public Awareness and Understanding
27 Feasibility: Taxonomy DOMAINS 3 PHYLA / DIVISIONS 64 CLASSES 146 ORDERS 869 FAMILIES ~ 9500 Sampling coarse medium fine GENERA ~ 160,000 SPECIES >15,000,000 BioGenomics
28 NMNH Biorepository 4-5M 2ml tube capacity 58 Freezers 24 Nitrogen Tanks BioGenomics
29 Global Genome Biodiversity Network BioGenomics Task Force to establish: Data Standards and Data Access for Genomic Samples Policies and Practices Related to Management and Stewardship of Genomic Samples Marketing and Outreach Biobanking in SA CABC
30 biogenomics.si.edu
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