The Role of Native Annual Forbs in the Restoration of Invaded Rangelands
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1 The Role of Native Annual Forbs in the Restoration of Invaded Rangelands Erin Goergen, Elizabeth Leger, Tara Forbis University of Nevada, Reno USDA ARS Reno, NV
2 Restoration of degraded communities is costly and difficult.
3 Restoration of degraded communities is costly and difficult. Weather Seeding method Seeds Species mixes
4 Natural Succession Disturbance Annuals Early seral perennials Late seral perennials & shrubs
5 Seed Mix 1 Artemisia tridentata Elymus lanceolatus Leymus cinereus Poa secunda Pseudoroegneria spicata Achillea millefolium Seed Mix 2 Artemisia tridentata Achnatherum hymenoides Elymus lanceolatus Poa secunda Pseudoroegneria spicata Seed Mix 3 Artemisia tridentata Purshia tridentata Achnatherum hymenoides Agropyron crestatum Elymus lanceolatus Leymus cinereus Pascopyrum smithii Poa secunda Pseudoroegneria spicata Achillea millefolium Medicago sativa
6 Can we improve restoration success by more closely following natural successional patterns? Disturbance Annuals Early seral perennials Late seral perennials & shrubs
7 Native annual forbs may be valuable restoration species for multiple reasons 1. Adapted to post-disturbance environmental conditions. 2. Likely to be phenologically similar to and competitive with Bromus tectorum. 3. Contribute to plant diversity and habitat in rangelands.
8 Native annuals can be abundant!
9 Annuals increase after disturbance! Native annual forbs have relatively low abundance in climax sagebrush communities. Underdown Canyon, Austin NV 1 year after fire, native annual forbs increased by 70% Cover stayed high even 3 years post-fire
10 Annuals are good competitors! Cryptantha pterocarya 25 85% reduced! Collinsia parviflora 25 35% reduced!
11 There is overlap in phenology Fall Winter Spring Summer Fall Bromus tectorum Annual forbs Forbis (2010) Plant Species Biology 25:
12 _ B. tectorum Native perennial grasses
13 Native annual forbs _ B. tectorum Native perennial grasses
14 Native annual forbs + _ B. tectorum Native perennial grasses Can seeding native annual forbs improve establishment of the short-lived, native perennial grass Elymus multisetus?
15 Questions 1. What is the effect of individual annuals, on Elymus multisetus and Bromus tectorum? 2.When grown in mixtures, what effect do annual forbs have on Elymus multisetus and Bromus tectorum?
16 Field Experiment Target E. multisetus and B. tectorum grown alone, with single annual forb species, B. tectorum, or forb + B. tectorum. 5 Native forbs chosen: Amsinckia tesellata AMTE Descurinia pinnata DEPI Amsinckia intermedia AMIN Mentzelia veatchiana MEVE Blepharipappus scaber BLSC
17 Experimental Design Target: Elymus multisetus or Bromus tectorum Competitors: none, annual forb, B. tectorum, or both
18 Seeds were sown around a target plant at typical field densities
19 Questions 1.What is the effect of individual annuals, on target Elymus multisetus and Bromus tectorum?
20 E. multesitus aboveground biomass (g) 1. ELMU grows best with BLSC, DEPI, and MEVE A 1 AB 75% 70% 83% 0.5 B 99% 97% 94% 0 AMTE AMIN BRTE MEVE DEPI BLSC
21 B. tectorum vegetative biomass (g) 1. Competitive pressure on BRTE is not equal! AB A 38% % BC 59% C 88% 84% 97% AMTE BRTE AMIN MEVE DEPI BLSC
22 Questions 2. When grown in mixtures, what effect do annual forbs have on Elymus multisetus and Bromus tectorum?
23 MEVE and BRTE
24 AM and BRTE
25 E. multesitus aboveground biomass (g) 2. When with BRTE, ELMU is larger when 0.5 MEVE is also present % BRTE 60% 27% % 79% 0 BRTE+AMTE BRTE+AMIN BRTE+DEPI BRTE+BLSC BRTE+MEVE
26 B. tectorum vegetative biomass (g) 2. BRTE is most impacted when 1 grown with AMTE and AMIN. A 90% AB % 7% BC 51% C 88% BRTE+AMTE BRTE+AMIN BRTE+DEPI BRTE+MEVE BRTE+BLSC
27 Field summary A. tesselata and A. intermedia show promise as a good competitors against B. tectorum. M. veatchiana has the potential to facilitate establishment of E. multisetus.
28 Next steps Multiple years! We need to learn more about our native annual forbs! Germination strategies Dormancy issues Competitive abilities
29 Questions?
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