AND WORLD TRADE FOR THE YEAR 1996, COMPARISON WITH THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN

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1 The Eur pe a n U n i n AND WORLD TRADE E ur pean U ni n trade develpm ents FOR THE YEAR 1996, COMPARISON WITH THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN : 'k * E urpean C m m issin D irect rate G eneral f r E xternal R elati ns Unit fr analysis and plicy planning

2 A great deal f additinal infrmatin n the Eurpean Unin is available n the Internet. It can be accessed thrugh the Eurpa server ( Catalguing data can be fund at the end f this publicatin. Luxemburg: Office fr Official Publicatins f the Eurpean Cmmunities, 1997 ISBN Eurpean Cmmunities, 1997 Reprductin is authrised prvided the surce is acknwledged. Printed in Belgium Printed n white chlrine-free paper

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL REMARKS... i SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENTS... ii CHAPTER 1 - WORLD ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS... 1 Trade in gds and cmmercial services Develpments f merchandise trade in vlume by regin... 4 CHAPTER 2 - EUROPEAN UNION EXTERNAL TRADE... 7 CHAPTER 3 - UNITED STATES EXTERNAL TRADE CHAPTER 4 - JAPANESE EXTERNAL TRADE CHAPTER 5 - EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN TRADE - BREAKDOWN BY PRODUCT GROUP SPECIAL SUBJECT Reginalism in wrld trade ANNEX......A-1 Table f cntents A-1 Definitin f cuntry grupings...a-2 Definitin f prduct grupings...a-3 Statistical tables...a-4 FEEDBACK QUESTIONNAIRE

4 GENERAL REMARKS 1) Surces and trade data Data fr the Eurpean Unin fr 1995 and 1996 riginate frm the database COMEXT f EUROSTAT. Hwever, data frm 1992 t 1994 are extracted frm the COMTRADE database managed by the UN Statistical Office. This is als the surce fr the US and Japanese figures frm 1992 t Imprt values include CIF (cst, insurance and freight) and exprt value are FOB (free n bard). All trade flws (imprts, exprts and trade balances) reflect the data as given by the reprting cuntries. There may be a divergence between the level f trade reprted by ne cuntry and the equivalent trade flw reprted by a partner cuntry. 2) Cuntry grupings The aggregate f the varius cuntry grupings is nt equal t the value f "EXTRA 15" r "WORLD", since sme cuntries appear in mre than ne gruping, whilst thers are nt included in any grup. The cmpsitin f the varius grupings is listed in the annex. 3) Exchange rates (1 ECU -...) Year US dllar Yen Signs and abbreviatins data nt available percentages exceeding 1000 bn billin ECU Eurpean Currency Unit

5 SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENTS Wrld ecnmic grwth quickened during 1996 (+4% in real terms) fllwing widespread deceleratin f activity in The favurable glbal ecnmic cnditins were underscred by the cntinued rbust perfrmance with lw inflatin in the United States, the pickup in grwth in Japan and a mderate recvery in the Eurpean Unin and Canada. Amng the develping cuntries, activity strengthened in Africa, Middle East and Latin America and mre than cmpensated fr the mderate slwdwn in sme develping Asian cuntries. Fr the cuntries in transitin, cnsidered as a grup, the cntractin f the ecnmic activity seems t have bttmed ut in 1996 after six years f deep decline. Hwever the recvery in the Central and Eastern Eurpean cuntries was cunterbalanced by a fall in the Russian GDP. The value f wrld merchandise exprts shwed a +3.7% increase in 1996 cmpared t 1995, ttalling 5,100 bn US dllars. The slwdwn in the grwth rate (frm nearly +20% in 1995) exceeded by a wide margin the deceleratin in vlume terms, as dllar prices f glbally traded gds stagnated in 1996 after increasing by +10% in Als, exprts f cmmercial services slwed dwn remarkably in 1996 (+5% grwth rate cmpared t +14% in 1995) and reached the value f 1,200 bn US dllars. In vlume terms, wrld trade grwth was similar t the grwth reprted fr the first fur years f the decade and belw the levels recrded in 1994 and 1995, that were unusually high. As a result, the large excess f trade grwth ver utput grwth bserved each year since 1990 was sharply reduced in Amng the reasns fr the imprtant slwdwn f wrld trade grwth in 1996, there was the easing f the industrial cuntries' imprts and the sluggish perfrmance f Asia. The exprt grwth f this regin in 1996 was nt nly belw its utput grwth, but als the smallest amng the analysed regins. On the cntrary, Latin America registered a very utstanding exprt perfrmance (nearly triple the wrld average). The value f EU merchandise trade balance, which had been always in deficit since 1958 (except fr the small surpluses) turned int the black in 1994, and reached a remarkable figure f bn ecu in This was mainly due t the turnarund f the EU-US balance int a small surplus, and t the cnstant reductin fr the furth cnsecutive year f the huge trade deficit with Japan. On the prducts side, the Eurpean Unin s structural deficit in the primary sectr (almst cmpletely cncentrated in the fuel prducts sectr) was mre than cmpensated fr by the surplus in manufactured prducts (which mre than dubled between 1994 and 1996). The ecnmic recvery, tgether with the return t a strnger dllar, bsted US imprts. Cnsequently, the huge US trade deficit that was slightly reduced in 1995 went up again in 1996, reaching bn ecu. The largest US trade deficit was again registered with Japan, even thugh it was reduced substantially. The trade deficit with China, the secnd largest, grew dramatically. Meanwhile the balance with the EU reached bn ecu deficit.

6 The prduct breakdwn f the US trade balance shws a cmpletely different picture as cmpared t that f the Eurpean Unin. The bulk f its deficit is cncentrated in the manufacturing sectr while in the primary sectr (excluding the fuel prducts deficit) agricultural prducts and ther raw materials are structurally in surplus. The cmbinatin f the ecnmic recvery and the structural changes which ccurred in the Japanese trade patterns, due t the increase f FDI abrad, mre than cmpensated fr the increase in price cmpetitiveness due t the yen devaluatin, which began in the last quarter f As a cnsequence, Japanese trade surplus in ecu terms went dwn again in 1996 t bn ecu. The fall in the Japanese verall trade surplus was mainly accunted fr by the decline in the manufactured prducts surplus, althugh the traditinal Japanese deficit in primary prducts als widened. All the Triad cuntries registered a deteriratin f their primary prducts deficits in Bsted by the increase in the internatinal il prices, imprts f primary prducts registered quite dynamic grwth rates that, fr the EU and the USA, were even bigger than the crrespnding rates fr manufactured prducts. On the cntrary, exprt grwth was mre mderate and, in the case f Japan, even negative (in line with the verall reductin f the ecu value f Japanese imprts). The recent trends in the manufactured prducts trade f the Triad were quite different. On the ne hand, Eurpean Unin s exprts f manufactured gds were quite buyant during this perid and shwed grwth rates always bigger than the crrespnding imprts. As a cnsequence, the EU trade balance imprved sharply, dubling its surplus in fur years. In the same perid, the US deficit was almst stable in relative terms (as a percentage f ttal manufacturing trade). Finally, the huge Japanese manufacturing surplus went dwn dramatically frm +200 bn ecu t +157 bn ecu, due t the cmbinatin f the dynamic trend f Japanese imprts and sluggish exprt grwth.

7 Chapter 1 WORLD ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS WORLD ECONOMY +4% real grwth in wrld utput in Advanced ecnmies went up by +2.5%. Develping cuntries utput was quite dynamic with a +6.5% grwth rate. Recvery started in the transitin ecnmies (+0.1%). The advanced ecnmies (15% wrld ppulatin) prduced 57% f the wrld GDP; while develping cuntries (77% ppulatin) less than 40%. Industrial cuntries' GDP grew by +2.3% in EU utput went up by a mere +1.6%. Japanese and US ecnmies expanded briskly (+3.6% and +2.4% respectively). Grwth in the NIEs slwed dwn as a result f a slwdwn in exprts. In 1996 the wrld ecnmy grew by +4% in real terms1. This result was due t a cmbinatin f a relatively mderate grwth f +2.5% registered by the advanced ecnmies 2, a still buyant mmentum (+6.5%) in the develping cuntries and the start f the recvery amng the transitin ecnmies, whse GDP grew by 0.1% cmpared t the previus year. On the ne hand, this grwth was accmpanied by a lw level f glbal inflatin, and by the reductin f fiscal imbalances in many cuntries, which shuld help cntain real lng-term interest rates and fster higher investment. On the ther hand, ecnmic grwth is nt yet sufficiently high t slve the big emplyment prblems in the industrialised cuntries and t reduce the areas f pverty in many develping cuntries. Hwever, wealth seems t dwell n a mre and mre enlarged share f the wrld ppulatin. In 1996 the utput per capita went up by +1.9% in the advanced ecnmies (representing 56.6% f the wrld utput and 15% f the wrld ppulatin), while it jumped by +4.9% in the develping cuntries (where 77% f the ppulatin prduces 39.2% f the ttal utput). The year 1996 was characterised by a quite imprtant recvery in the traditinal industrial cuntries (+2.3% GDP grwth rate, the best result since 1989). In the Eurpean Unin grwth was mderate fr 1996 as a whle (+1.6%), but ecnmic activity recvered during the year frm the set back triggered by the mnetary turbulence f Prgress in cnvergence achieved n the rad twards EMU, as witnessed by budgetary cnslidatin and imprved price stability, makes it less likely that macrecnmic bstacles, like a distrted plicy-mix r mnetary turbulence, harm sustained grwth and jb creatin in the future. Outside the Eurpean Unin, the dramatic increase in the revenues f energy prducts exprt bsted the utput in Nrway, while in Switzerland the prtracted recessin due t weak internal demand left the ecnmy stagnant fr the sixth successive year. The United States ecnmy expanded by +2.4% in real terms and inflatinary pressures remained lw despite high resurce utilisatin, including a tight labur market. In Canada, after a disappinting perfrmance in 1995 and early 1996, ecnmic activity picked up in the secnd half f 1996 and the high unemplyment rate has begun t decline. 1 IMF - Wrld Ecnmic Outlk - May 97 2 In the new IMF classificatin a number f newly industrialised ecnmies in Asia (Hng-Kng, Krea, Singapre and Taiwan) as well as Israel are cnsidered tgether with the grup f cuntries traditinally knwn as industrial cuntries. The expanded grup is re-labelled the advanced ecnmies in recgnitin f the declining share f emplyment in manufacturing cmmn t all these ecnmies. 1

8 Chapter 1 The recvery in Japan became mre bradly based in 1996 (+3.6% in real terms) and the ecnmic climate imprved under the influence f supprtive fiscal and mnetary plicies. Amng the ther cuntries recently included in the advanced ecnmies gruping, in Israel the recent restrictive ecnmic plicies slwed dwn the utput grwth rate t a (still remarkable) +4.4% in The prtracted trend f ecnmic grwth in the NIEs cntinued, even if at a slwer pace partly as a result f a slwdwn in exprts. Output in Krea went up by +7.1% in 1996, fllwed by Singapre (+7%), Taiwan (+5.6%) and Hng Kng (+4.5%). In the develping cuntries as a grup, grwth picked up t +6.5% in 1996 frm +6% the previus year. Strnger activity in Africa, Latin America and the Middle East ffset a mderate slwdwn in parts f Asia. The +6.5% increase in the glbal GDP f the develping cuntries is the result f the imprtant utput grwth in Africa (+5%), the Middle East (+4.5%) and Latin America (+3.5%) which mre than cmpensates fr the mderate slwdwn in sme develping Asian cuntries. Hwever, the latter area still shwed an imprtant rate f grwth (+8.2%). Africa s grwth perfrmance in 1996 (+5%, the strngest in the last 20 years) was bsted mainly by the strng expansin f the primary sectr, in particular agriculture. Hwever, in sme cuntries, the grwth als included the manufacturing sectr. Imprved prductin perfrmances reflect cntinuing advances in liberalisatin effrts and the macrecnmics and structural plicies being intrduced by a number f lw-incme African cuntries. In Suth Africa, the regin s mst imprtant ecnmy, refrms and stabilisatin plicies enhanced the grwth, even if the +3.1% increase was smewhat weaker than expected. Grwth in the Middle East regin (+4.5%) was strnger than expected, partly as a result f ecnmic refrms intrduced in recent years, but als reflecting the higher-than-prjected level f il prices. The cmbinatin f structural refrms, tgether with cyclical factrs, led t particularly psitive GDP grwth rates fr Egypt, Jrdan, Syria, Lebann and the Arab Emirates. In cntrast, lax fiscal and mnetary plicies and rampant inflatin culd threaten the ecnmic utlk in Turkey. In Asia3 the slwdwn twards mre sustainable expansin rates is partly the result f tight mnetary plicies established t dampen the grwth f dmestic demand and avid the risks f verheating. In additin, the slwdwn in the regin s exprt grwth in 1996 helped cntain inflatinary pressures in India, Malaysia, Indnesia and Thailand. China has als taken measures t reduce verheating (sft landing plicy) and real GDP grwth slwed t just under +10% with inflatin slwing further t 6%, dwn frm +22% in In many Latin American cuntries, the ecnmy is cntinuing t recver fllwing the 1995 Mexican crisis. In particular, 3 This text refers nly t the 1996 develpments. The effects and cnsequences f the 1997 financial crisis are therefre nt included in this text. 2

9 Chapter 1 utput grew remarkably in Mexic (5.1%) and Argentina (4.4%) which tgether represented mre than 40% f the glbal GDP f this regin. In Brazil grwth slwed dwn slightly while inflatin fell t 9% by the end f the year, the lwest in the last 35 years. In Chile, the mst successful ecnmy in the regin (+7.2% grwth), inflatin fell t a 36 years lw f 6.5% and demand pressure eased in respnse t tighter mnetary plicies. Beginning f a recvery in the transitin cuntries. Output grew by +0.1% in CEECs ecnmies shwed a +1.6% grwth fr the secnd cnsecutive year. Russian GDP drpped again by - 2.8%. In cntrast, the ther frmer USSR Republics grew slightly. Fr the cuntries in transitin, cnsidered as a grup, the cntractin f the ecnmic activity seems t have bttmed ut in 1996 (+0.1 %)4after six years f deep decline. Hwever amng them individual cuntries shwed quite different trends. Fr the secnd cnsecutive year in 1996, the glbal utput f the Central and Eastern Eurpean cuntries shwed a recvery (+1.6%). Mst f these cuntries are nw reaping the rewards f structural refrms and stabilisatin plicies pursued with determinatin ver several years. The ecnmic perfrmance was psitive in Cratia, the Czech and Slvak Republics, Pland, Rmania and Slvenia, thanks t the grwth in the manufacturing sectr and increase in the internal demand. In Hungary, by cntrast, the grwth slackened due t tight mnetary and fiscal plicies, while the Baltic States cntinued their recvery. Russian GDP cntinued t fall in 1996 (-2.8%) due t a drp in bth prductin and investments, even if sme imprtant results were btained n price stabilisatin. On the cntrary, the ther frmer Sviet Unin Republics, except Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, registered psitive grwth rates. These were particularly strng in Gergia, Armenia and Kyrgyz Republic. Trade in gds and cmmercial services WORLD TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES In 1996, wrld exprts f gds and services grew by +3.7% and 5% respectively in value tenris. The value f wrld exprts f gds reached A$US 5,100 billin. Accrding t WTO estimates, the 1996 value f wrld merchandise exprts (5.100 bn dllars) shwed a +3.7% increase cmpared t the previus year. This slwdwn in the grwth rate (frm nearly 20% in 1995) exceeded by a wide margin the deceleratin in vlume terms, as dllar prices f glbally traded gds stagnated in 1996 after increasing by 10% in As a matter f fact, price increases fr crude il and certain ther primary prducts were ffset by the changes in the exchange rate f the US dllar vis-a-vis the currencies f several majr traders5. In 1995 the situatin was exactly the ppsite with the dllar values swllen up due t the American currency depreciatin. Trade in prducts which had benefited frm exceptinally 4 It shuld be emphasised that utput data fr these cuntries may underestimate actual grwth because they may nt take full accunt f varius frms f ecnmic activity, particularly the utput f new enterprises and activity in the infrmal service sectr. 5 In 1996, the US dllar appreciated against the Japanese yen and the ECU by 16% and 3% respectively, which autmatically reduces the dllar value f trade flws measured in thse (and ther) depreciating currencies. 3

10 Chapter 1 Cmmercial services increased by 5% reaching $US 1,200 billin. Wrld trade (gds and services) represented 21% f the wrld GDP that was estimated at almst $US300 billin. Wrld trade (gds+services) went up by 5.6% in vlume tenns. strng demand and/r price trends in ffice and telecm equipment, irn and steel, and nn-ferrus metals - was affected by price declines and weaker demand in Cnsequently, the grwth in the value f trade in these prducts was less than 5% in In cntrast, exprts f fuels increased by mre than 10% in value terms - the biggest annual gain in trade since 1990 (29%). Als exprts f cmmercial services slwed dwn remarkably in 1996 (+5% grwth rate cmpared t 14% in 1995) and reached the value f 1,200 bn dllars. This can be attributed bth t the effect f the dllar's appreciatin against a number f majr currencies, and t the sluggish ecnmic activity in Western Eurpe6 which alne accunts fr ne-half f the wrld's trade in cmmercial services. Even if there is n perfect cmparability, due t differences in statistical methdlgies, the glbal value f exprts f gds and cmmercial services amunted t 6,300 bn dllars. This represented arund 21% f the wrld GDP at market prices (300 billin US dllars in 1996). The IMF estimated the grwth rate f wrld trade7in vlume terms at +5.6%. As is evident frm Figurel.2, the increase in 1996 was similar t the grwth reprted fr the first fur years f the decade and belw the levels recrded in 1994 and 1995 that were unusually high. As a result, the large excess f trade grwth ver utput grwth bserved each year since 1990 was sharply reduced in This change can be attributed primarily t develpments in Asia, where trade grwth (bth exprts and imprts) fell belw GDP grwth. While the gap between trade and GDP grwth als narrwed in ther regins, trade grwth (exprts and imprts cmbined) remained at least twice as large as GDP grwth in Nrth America, Latin America and Western Eurpe. Develpments f merchandise trade in vlume by regin WORLD TRADE IN GOODS The vlume f wrld merchandise exprts went up by +4% in Remarkable slwdwn f Asian trade (+2%). In 1996, wrld merchandise exprts increased by an estimated +4% in vlume terms8, slightly less than half the rate recrded in 1995 (Table 1). The surprising feature f the gegraphic breakdwn f 1996 trade develpments was the perfrmance f Asia. Exprt grwth in 1996 (+2.5%) was nt nly belw utput grwth, but als the smallest amng the regins. Asia's imprts held up smewhat better, matching the wrld average and exceeding exprt grwth by 2 percentage pints. A partial explanatin f this perfrmance culd be the abve-average imprtance f ffice and telecm equipment in Asia's exprts, which implies that the bm and bust cycle f this prduct grup had a strnger impact in Asia than elsewhere. In additin, exchange 6 WTO gruping including the 15 EU member States, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Malta, Nrway, Switzerland, Turkey, Bsnia, Cratia, Slvenia, FYROM and Serbia-Mntenegr. 7 Gds and services. 8 WTO Secretariat's reprt n trade develpments in 1996, (wrld includes intra-eu trade). 4

11 Chapter 1 Industrial cuntries' trade als registered a mre mderate grwth rate (+6.3%). Intra-EU trade nearly stagnated (+2%), while EU exprts t third cuntries grew abve the average (+5%). Outstanding exprt perfrmance f Latin American cuntries (glbally up by +11%) Imprts f the cuntries in transitin registered the mst dynamic grwth (+12%). rate develpments - in particular the strnger dllar - reduced cmpetitiveness f thse cuntries which peg their currency t the United States dllar. The ther reasn fr the imprtant slwdwn f wrld trade grwth in 1996 was the easing f the industrial cuntries imprts that tgether represented arund tw thirds f wrld imprts. This slwdwn (frm 7.7% in 1995, t 6.3% in 1996 accrding t OECD estimates) invlved the main Eurpean Unin cuntries (except the UK), the USA and in particular Japan and Canada. As the EU accunts fr rughly 40% f wrld merchandise trade, the impact n glbal trade was marked. After tw years f strng grwth9, intra-eu exprts nearly stagnated in 1996 (+2%), while exprts t third cuntries rse by +5%, a rate significantly faster than extra-eu imprts (+2.5%). Cnsequently, as in 1995, external demand helped t sustain utput in the EU during The utstanding exprt perfrmance f Latin America (nearly triple the wrld average) can be attributed largely t Mexic, where exprt vlume expanded by mre than +20% fr the secnd year in a rw. Excluding Mexic, Latin America's exprts expanded by +5% in bth 1995 and In cntrast, Brazil's exprt vlume has been stagnant in the last tw years. Latin America's imprts, which grew in vlume terms by nly +3% in 1995 due t the sharp recessins in Mexic and Argentina, recvered strngly in 1996 with an expansin f +10.5%. Amng the majr traders, Argentina's and Mexic's imprts were up +17% and +24% respectively, with the result that the steep fall in imprts prvked by the recessin in 1995 has been cmpletely ffset. A particularly strng deceleratin culd be bserved fr Brazil where the vlume f imprts, after expanding by mre than ne-quarter annually between 1993 and 1995, nly increased by abut +6% in Exprts f the transitin ecnmies, which recrded the strngest exprt grwth f all the majr regins in 1995 (up +14.5%), decelerated sharply in 1996 t just under the glbal average. Imprt grwth, in cntrast, reached +12% in 1996, the highest level amng the majr regins. 9 On 1 January 1993, fllwing the ablitin f custm cntrls in the EU, a new cllectin system fr intra-eu data (Intrastat) was intrduced based n data prvided directly by cmpanies and this implied a degree f underestimatin f flws. This can partly explain the drp registered in the intra-eu trade in 1993 and the high grwth rates registered in the fllwing years. T crrect this under-estimatin sme Member States nw make adjustments at an aggregate level. 5

12 Chapter 1 Table 1 - GROWTH IN WORLD MERCHANDISE TRADE BY SELECTED COUNTRIES/REGIONS (Annual % change in vlume) EXPORTS IMPORTS WORLD USA (a) Eurpean Unin (b) Latin America Transitin Ecnmies Asia Japan (a) Six East Asian traders(c) Surce: W TO and (a) O ECD (b) Extra + Intra-Trade (c) Hng Kng, Suth Krea, Malaysia, Singapre, Taiwan and Thailand % Fig Wrld GDP and trade (gds+services) (annual % change in vlume) -# Trade GDP 6

13 Chapter 2 EUROPEAN UNION EXTERNAL TRADE IN GOODS TRADE BALANCE BY PARTNER The merchandise trade balance f the EU registered a remarkable surplus f bn ecu in This is the third psitive result in a rw. The EU-USA deficit turned int a +1.8 bn ecu surplus. Remarkable increases in the surpluses with the CEECs, the Mediterranean cuntries and the NIEs. The biggest deficits were registered with Japan and China (-17 and -15 bn ecu respectively). EXPORTS BY PARTNER EU exprts up by +9% in value terms and +5% in vlume in The EU trade balance, always in deficit since 1958 (except fr the small surpluses) turned int the black in 1994, prgressed further in 1995 and reached a remarkable figure f bn ecu in This last result was due t the cmbinatin f a still buyant exprt grwth rate (+8.9%), and f a slw rate f imprts that went up by nly +6.5%. The EU s trade balance with the grup f cuntries made up f the USA, Japan, Canada, EFTA and Australia-New Zealand imprved cnsiderably in the last fur years. The deficit was reduced frm the -35 bn ecu registered in 1993 t less than - 12 bn This was mainly due t the turnarund f the EU-US balance int a small surplus, thanks t the vitality f the American ecnmic climate and the appreciatin f the dllar against the ecu (+3%). Anther reasn was the cnstant reductin fr the furth cnsecutive year f the huge trade deficit with Japan (t -17 bn ecu), despite the deteriratin f the EU cmpetitive psitin as the ecu appreciated by +11 % vis-a-vis the yen in On the ther hand, the balance with the 3 EFTA cuntries that was almst in equilibrium in 1995 registered a small deficit f -2.2 bn ecu. In 1996, the Unin registered remarkable imprvement in its trade psitins with the CEECs (the surplus almst dubled frm +8.8 t bn ecu), the CIS (deficit dwn frm -4.1 t -1.6 bn ecu), the Mediterranean Basin (the surplus increased by +3.5 bn cmpared t 1995), Latin America (imprvement f +3.3 bn) and the 4 NIEs (frm t bn ecu surplus). The trade balances with ACP and OPEC cuntries deterirated due t the increase in the internatinal il and ther cmmdities prices reaching -3.4 and -3 bn ecu deficits respectively. Trade with China1registered the secnd largest trade deficit in abslute terms reaching bn ecu (cmpared t -7.4 bn ecu in 1993). Hwever, in relative terms (i.e. as a percentage f bilateral trade) the EU-China trade recrded the highest deficit in 1996 (-34.3%), whereas Japan ranked in secnd place (-19.1 %). [See fig. 2.1.] The value f EU exprts t third cuntries went up by +8.9% in 1996 due t a cmbinatin f a +5% grwth rate in vlumes exprted and a 3.9% increase in exprts' prices. EU exprts t the USA (the largest utlet in 1996 with a share f 18.3% f ttal) grew by +10.6% cmpared t 1995, while ^ Trade with China des nt include flws with the SAR f Hng Kng, as they will be kept separate in the future frm Chinese trade. Hwever, ne must be aware that an increasing part f Chinese trade ges thrugh Hng Kngbased cmpanies (mre than 80% f the exprts f the frmer British clny are re-exprts f freign merchandise) and flws are nt always registered t the crrect cuntry f rigin/destinatin. 7

14 Chapter 2 USA largest utlet with 18.3% share. Exprts t CEECs and CIS grew by mre than +19%. Slwdwn f EU sales in Asia. Dynamic mmentum f the exprts t the Mediterranean. IMPORTS BY PARTNER After the slwdwn in 1995, EU imprts increased by +6.5% in value and arund +2.5% in vlume in USA first supplier with almst 20% share. Purchases frm China and ASEAN cuntries expanded at a duble figure rate. Imprts frm il prducer cuntries went up by +15.5% in value. Dynamic mmentum f the ACP sales. sales t Japan (stable at 5.7% share) registered a grwth rate slightly belw the average (+8.2%). Benefiting frm the cntinuing structural strengthening f the ecnmy in the CEECs and the CIS, the value f exprts t these cuntry grups expanded cnsiderably, by mre than 19%. This further increased the share in ttal EU exprts t 10.2% fr the CEECs, and 4% fr the CIS. After three years f extremely dynamic expansin, EU exprts t the Asian regin slwed dwn, in particular t Suth Asia (+4.7% grwth rate) and China (+0.7%). Hwever, since 1993 the Asian cuntries, with the exceptin f Japan, increased their glbal share f the EU exprts by +1.5%, ging frm 16.1% t 17.6%. Exprts t the Mediterranean Basin cntinued t grw even if at a mre mderate rate (+12.4%), resulting in an increase in the share f these cuntries t 11.6% f ttal EU exprts. [See figs. 2.2 and 2.3.] The value f EU purchases frm the rest f the wrld increased by +6.5% in This result was due t the +4% increase in average imprt prices, while the quantity's grwth rate was nly +2.5%. Imprts frm Japan drpped by -3.3% in In the last fur years, a cnstant reductin in the Japanese share f EU imprts has ccurred: it was 9.1% in 1996, cmpared t 12% in By cntrast, the US sales t the EU markets increased well abve the average (+8.6%) after having stagnated in This was prbably due mre t the effect f the dllar appreciatin (average imprt prices went up by +6.5%) than t the slw ecnmic recvery in Eurpe. As a result, the share f US gds in ttal EU imprts increased t 19.4%. After the bm experienced in the last 3 years, imprts frm the CEECs reduced their dynamism slightly belw the average (+6.1%), almst at the same rate registered by imprts frm the CIS. Hwever, as far as the frmer Sviet Unin Republics are cncerned, the imprt slwdwn had already begun in Nevertheless, their glbal share increased remarkably in the last fur years, reaching 12.7% in Imprts frm Latin America (5.2% f the ttal) stagnated in Imprts frm Suth and Sutheast Asia including China (which alne represents 5.2% f the ttal EU purchases) expanded at a duble figure rate with the relevant exceptin f the 4 Asian NIEs, whse sales t the Eurpean Unin, after the -3.5% drp in 1995, increased by nly +4.7%. Als wrth nting is the sharp increase in the value f imprts frm OPEC, due t the higher il prices in dllars (+21% in 1996) and the stabilisatin f the recvery in the imprts frm the ACP cuntries which registered a grwth rate well abve the average fr the third year in a rw. [See figs. 2.4 and 2.5.] 8

15 Chapter 2 TRADE BALANCE BYPRODUCT Fr the third cnsecutive year, the manufactured prducts surplus (+150 bn ecu in 1996) mre than cmpensated fr the primary prducts deficit (-99 bn ecu). The largest surpluses were registered in the transprt equipment and machinery sectrs. The Eurpean Unin ecnmy, based n the manufacturing industry, has a structural deficit in the primary sectr. The abslute value f the deficit slightly increased in the last fur years, reaching bn ecu in Hwever, the exprts/imprts cver rati was stable at 44% - a stabilisatin in relative terms. This deficit was almst cmpletely cncentrated in the fuel prducts sectr (-64.2 bn ecu) fllwed by the agricultural prducts sectr (-17.3 bn ecu). Between 1993 and 1996, the surplus in manufactured prducts mre than dubled, tpping bn ecu in This was due t the psitive gaps between exprt and imprt grwth rates during this perid, witnessed by the increase f the cver rati in value fr the manufacturing sectr frm 124% in 1993 t 138% in The largest surplus was registered in the transprt equipment sectr (+46.9 bn ecu fllwed by the machinery (mainly nnelectrical machinery) and chemical sectrs. [See fig. 2.6.] EXPORTS BY PRODUCT Exprts f manufactured prducts up by +10% in 1996, representing mre than 86% f ttal exprts. Machinery and chemicals were the mst dynamic sectrs. The Eurpean Unin is a traditinal exprter f manufactured prducts and this specialisatin has increased ver the last tw decades. At the beginning f the 80 s, the share f manufactured prducts in ttal EU exprts was arund 70%, while in 1996 this figure reached 86.3%. The crrespnding reductin in the share f raw materials was mainly due t the declining imprtance f EU exprts in fuel prducts (2.5% in 1996). Meanwhile, exprts f agri-fd prducts were fairly stable at arund 7-8%. Amng the primary prducts, in 1996 nly the exprts f fuel prducts, bsted by the previusly mentined increase in internatinal il prices, registered a grwth rate abve the average (+15%). On the ther hand, sales f nn-agricultural raw materials drpped by -10.3%. As far as manufactured prducts are cncerned, the mst dynamic sectrs in 1996 were machinery and chemical sectrs with +11.8% and +9.9% grwth rates respectively. IMPORTS BY PRODUCT Machinery and transprt equipment was the mst imprtant sectr with 32% share. Imprts f fuel prducts went up by +23% in The trend in EU imprts as well as in exprts clearly shws the grwing rle f manufactured prducts. Raw materials, still representing mre than 50% f ttal EU imprts in the early 80s, accunted fr nly 30% in During the last tw decades, varius factrs (such as the decline f primary gds prices in the mid-80s and the grwing imprtance f intra-industry trade) substantially mdified the structure f EU imprts. Cnsequently, in 1996 the share f manufactured imprts increased t 67%. In the early 1980s, fuel prducts were the mst relevant categry (with a share f 35% f ttal EU imprts). Hwever, 9 (2)

16 Chapter 2 Agricultural imprts registered slw grwth fr the secnd cnsecutive year. frm 1985 when raw materials prices fell, the share f machinery and transprt equipment began increasing and it became the mst imprtant sectr, glbally reaching 32% in Other manufactured prducts als achieved a remarkable increase t almst 27% in After the slwdwn registered in 1995, due t the slwer pace f ecnmic activity in Eurpe, in 1996 the grwth f imprts f primary prducts went up by +7.1% in value terms. This increase tk place in a cntext f rising cmmdity prices. Indeed, wrld prices fr nn-il cmmdities rse by +6% while il prices grew at a faster rate: n average, the imprt price f il fr the EU increased by mre than +21% in dllar terms. The depreciatin f the ecu against the dllar (by -3% in average terms) als increased the imprt bill. As a cnsequence the imprts f fuel prducts increased by almst 23% in value, expanding their share in the ttal imprts t 13.7%, quite clse t the 1993 level. Finally, after having stagnated in 1995, imprts f agricultural prducts increased by a mere +2.6%. Fig Gegraphic breakdwn f EU trade balances in 1996 %1c O O S Hi JO.IB 8 g UJ j CO z < O a> E N z *c < B + * +5 «CO I 3 < < LU (0 < < CD 3 (0 w 3 < «c r- CO I <2 0 O LU 10

17 Chapter % Fig EU exprts in 1996 (% change ver 1905) t-* BctraBJ O 1 1 CO < 1- CO LL c LU CO CO Q. O LU C OJ 2 Q_ Q. ^ O CO N z * (0 3 < (0 (0 0 CO 35 c.2»- < O <0(0 LU '25 5 < < CO 3 Z < LU CO < Q(0 <DCQ CO LU LU O Fig Gegraphic breakdwn f EU exprts,

18 Chapter 2 20 % Fig RJ imprts in 1996 (% change ver 1995) 15. UJ -O- Fig Gegraphical breakdwn f EU imprts, 1996 Others 15% 4 NIEs f Asia 7% 12

19 Chapter 2 Bn ecu 200 ~L Fig EU : Trade balances in primary prducts and manufactured prducts I Primary prducts Manfactured prducts.trade balance I I

20 Chapter 3 US EXTERNAL TRADE IN GOODS TRADE BALANCE BY PARTNER The US trade balance shwed a -153 bn ecu deficit in The largest deficit was registered with Japan (almst -40 bn ecu), China (-33 bn ecu) and Canada (-21 bn ecu). Deficit with the EU increased by 5 bn ecu cmpared t Small surpluses ccurred with Australia-New Zealand and the Mediterranean cuntries. After the slw-dwn f the previus year, in 1996 the US ecnmy grew by +2.4%. The gd ecnmic mmentum, tgether with the return t a strnger dllar - a trend begun in the secnd quarter f bsted the US imprts. Cnsequently, the huge US trade deficit that slightly reduced in 1995 went up again in 1996, reaching bn ecu. Hwever, due t the psitive gap between exprts and imprts grwth rates, if measured in relative terms, the deficit decreased slightly frm -13.8% t -13.5% f ttal US trade. The largest trade deficit was again registered with Japan. Hwever, it was reduced substantially, by ver 8 bn ecu, t less than -40 bn ecu - the lwest level since On the cntrary, after a drp in 1995, the deficit with theeu increased in 1996 by mre than 5 bn, reaching bn ecu. The trade balance with the fur newly industrialised ecnmies f Asia cntinued t imprve slightly, while the deficit with China, the secnd largest, grew dramatically ttalling bn ecu. The exprt/imprt rati with China plunged t 22 per cent, which is by far the lwest f all majr US ratis. Trade with Asia as a whle represented 70% f the 1996 US deficit in spite f the remarkable imprvement in the trade balance with Japan. Meanwhile, the US trade balances with Canada (the mst imprtant trading partner) and with the Latin American cuntries cntinued t reduce in 1996, reaching and bn ecu deficit respectively. Finally, the US registered small surpluses with nly Australia- New Zealand and with the Mediterranean cuntries (+6.3 and +2.1 bn ecu respectively), while the trade balance with the Gulf States was almst in equilibrium. [See fig. 3.1.] EXPORTS BY PARTNER US exprts grew by 10% in 1996 in ecu terms, cmpared t a small 3.5% in Canada (21% share) and EU (20.5%) were the mst imprtant exprt markets. CIS, CEECs and EFTA cuntries were the mst dynamic utlets. In 1996, the ecu value f US exprts shwed a grwth rate f +10.1%, a remarkable increase after the slw-dwn registered in This perfrmance is due t a cmbinatin f an increase in vlume (+7.6%) and in exprt prices, blstered by the dllar appreciatin vis-a-vis the ecu (+3% n average in 1996). The three mst imprtant utlets fr US exprts, Canada, EU and Japan, registered grwth rates belw average and, as a cnsequence, their shares were slightly reduced. Nevertheless, these partners still represent 52.6% f the glbal value f US sales t third markets. By cntrast, impressive grwth rates were recrded in exprts t the CIS, CEECs and EFTA cuntries. Hwever, their duble figure grwth rates (+37%, +23.5%, +35.6% respectively) shuld be cnnected with the still limited value f the exprts t these cuntries, that in 1996 glbally represented less than 3% f the ttal. 14

21 Chapter 3 Sales t Latin America reached a remarkable 16.6% share. With the relevant exceptin f ASEAN, exprts t the Asian cuntries (including China) slwed dwn cmpared t the remarkable perfrmances f On the cntrary, sales t Latin American cuntries, after the 6% drp registered during the Mexican crisis f 1995, grew by almst 18%, increasing these cuntries share t 16.6% f the ttal. [See figs. 3.2 and 3.3.] IMPORTS BY PARTNER Imprts grwth rate +9% in 1996 (nly +1.7% in 1995). Imprts frm EU (the secnd supplier after Canada) went up b y+11% in Imprts frm Japan drpped fr the secnd cnsecutive year. Latin America and OPEC sales grew mre than 20% cmpared t The value in ecu f US imprts grew by +9.3% in 1996, 7.5 pints mre than the previus year. This must t a large extent be attributed t the rise in the quantities imprted (+7%). After having stagnated in 1995, the US imprts frm EU cuntries went up by +11% in This result reversed the declining trend f the EU market share in the USA which represented 18% f the ttal (the secnd supplier after Canada with 19.5%). On the cntrary, imprts frm Japan went dwn (-4.4%) fr the secnd cnsecutive year and the Japanese share f the US imprts drpped by 4 percentage pints cmpared t 1993, falling t 14.4%. The Asian cuntries (except the NIEs) registered quite dynamic grwth rates in their exprts t the American market. In particular supplies frm China went up by +15.4% in 1996 increasing this cuntry s imprt share t 6.6% (5.6% in 1993). In 1996, Latin American sales t the United States (60% f which came frm Mexic) cnfirmed their strng mmentum which began in 1994, recrding a grwth rate f mre than +20%. In the last fur years, the share f these cuntries in the ttal US imprts increased frm 12.3% in 1993 t almst 15% in Imprts frm OPEC cuntries, pushed by the rise in the internatinal il prices, als increased by mre than 21%. Hwever, the il prducers share f the American market was still limited t a marginal 5.7%. [See figs. 3.4 and 3.5.] TRADE BALANCE BYPRODUCT Manufactured prducts accunted fr 75% f the glbal US deficit in The deficit was cncentrated in the autmbile, textile and cmputers sectrs. Surpluses nly in the chemical and agricultural prducts. The prduct breakdwn f the US trade balance shws a cmpletely different picture as cmpared t the Eurpean Unin. As a matter f fact, in the primary sectr - excluding the huge fuel prducts deficit (-51 bn ecu in 1996) - agricultural prducts and ther raw materials are structurally in surplus (glbally +20 bn ecu). On the ther hand, the bulk f the deficit is cncentrated in the manufacturing sectr ( bn ecu). Amng manufactured prducts the largest deficits were registered by autmtive prducts (-45 bn ecu), textile prducts (-30 bn ecu) and ffice equipment (-28.4 bn ecu). Only the chemical sectr cntributed psitively t the US trade balance with an amunt f +13 bn ecu in [See fig. 3.6.] 15

22 Chapter 3 EXPORTS BY PRODUCT US exprts were cncentrated in the manufacturing sectrs (80% f the ttal). Gd perfrmance f the US manufactured exprts in 1996 (+11%), while the primary prducts sales slwed dwn t a +5% rate frm +10.4% registered in In the early 80 s the structure f the US exprts was characterised by a large share f raw materials (30% f the ttal). In the last 15 years, hwever, a big shift ccurred which made the US exprt structure mre similar t the Eurpean Unin structure. In 1996 the primary prducts represented nly 17.2% f ttal exprts. These lsses were distributed in all sectrs even if the recent increase in il prices has bsted US exprts f fuels prducts (+20% grwth rate). Nevertheless their glbal value was relatively small, cvering nly 2% f the ttal. As far as manufactured prducts are cncerned (79% f the ttal in 1996); a partial shuffling in the relative weight f the different sectrs ccurred. The machinery sectr (in particular ffice equipment and electrical machinery) increased its glbal share by mre than 3 percentage pints since On the cntrary the transprt equipment sectr, despite the +14% grwth rate registered in 1996, lst 2.5 percentage pints during the same perid. Amng ther manufactured prducts (stable at 19% share), it is interesting t nte a 7% fall in the exprts f irn and steel (especially after the bm experienced in 1995) and the remarkable increase in textile and clthing sales (+14% grwth rate). 16

23 Chapter 3 IMPORTS BY PRODUCT Primary prducts still represented 19% f the US ttal imprts in Imprts f primary prducts up by +16% cmpared t Manufactured prducts grew by +7.5% nly. The structure f US imprts als reflects the grwing rle f the manufacturing sectrs. Whereas, at the beginning f the 80 s, the purchases f fuel prducts still represented ne third f the ttal value, a decade later their share had shrunk t 10% and than stabilized in the mst recent years at arund 8-9%. This was mainly due t the slump in energy prices and t the grwing rle f intra-industry flws in internatinal trade. Hwever, in 1996, the already mentined rise in the il prices increased the imprt bill fr these prducts by +27%. This factr, tgether with the recvery in the US purchases f agricultural prducts (+14.2% grwth rate) mre than cmpensated fr the dramatic fall (-22.5%) f nn agricultural raw material imprts. As a result the glbal share f the primary prducts in the ttal US imprts went up by mre than ne percentage pint cmpared t 1995, reaching 18.8%. The recent trends in the manufacturing sectrs cnfirmed the grwing imprtance f the intra-industry trade. Despite the 1996 slw-dwn, the share f the ffice equipment went up by almst three percentage pints in the last fur years, while the transprt equipment share drpped by -1.3% in the same perid. It is als wrthwhile nting the impressive perfrmance (+30% increase ver 1995) f the medical and pharmaceutical sectr even if its relative weight was still quite marginal (less than 1% f ttal imprts). 16 bis

24 Chapter 3 Fig US exprts grwth rate in 1996 (% change ver 1995) Fig Gegraphic breakdwn f US exprts in 1996 Others OPEC 8% Canada Lat. Amer. 17% 17

25 Chapter 3 Fig US imprts grwth rate in % (% change ver 1995) (0 Fig Gegraphic breakdwn f US imprts in % 18

26 Chapter 3 Fig U S : Trade balances in primary prducts and manufactured gds

27 Chapter 4 JAPANESE EXTERNAL TRADE IN GOODS TRADE BALANCE In 1996 the Japanese trade surplus went dwn t +49 bn ecu frm +82 bn ecu registered the previus year. Sme structural changes cnnected t the increase f the Japanese FDI abrad, tgether with the ecnmic recvery, culd explain the dramatic decrease f the Japanese surplus. The bulk f the surplus was cncentrated with the fur NIEs cuntries, USA, ASEAN and EU. The largest deficits registered with the il prducer cuntries and China. After the strng appreciatin f the yen exchange rate that started in 1990 and culminated in the spring f 1995, the Japanese currency devalued vis-a-vis the ecu in the last quarter f 1995 by -8.2% and by a further -12.2% in Hwever, in spite f the increase in price cmpetitiveness, Japanese trade surplus in ecu terms went dwn by -33 bn cmpared t 1995, ttalling bn ecu. This value was less than half f the amunt registered in 1993 ( bn ecu). This fact can be explained by a cmbinatin f the ecnmic recvery in Japan (GDP grew by +3.6% in 1996) which stimulated Japanese imprts and the delay needed fr variatins in exprts prices t translate int increases in exprt vlumes (the s-called J-curve effect). In additin, sme structural changes ccurred in the Japanese external trade including the increase f Japanese FDI abrad (mainly in Asia) which has had imprtant implicatins in the trade patterns fr this cuntry. The subsequent rise in verseas prductin and rerientatin f exprts frm cnsumer durable t capital gds, are likely t mean that the recent yen depreciatin may have a smaller impact n verall exprts than in the past. Mrever, the rising imprts frm freign subsidiaries f Japanese cmpanies shuld lead t further imprt int Japan. In 1996, Japan's trade balance wrsened with almst all its partners (as defined in the tables f this publicatin). The nly exceptins were EFTA, the CEECs, the CIS and the Mediterranean Basin. These imprvements were mainly due t a cmbinatin f a sluggish dynamic f the imprts and a relatively gd perfrmance f the Japanese sales in these markets. The largest trade surplus was again registered with the fur NIEs (+47.8 bn ecu) fllwed by the United States (+26.2 bn), ASEAN (+16.3 bn) and the Eurpean Unin (+10.7 bn). The Japanese trade psitin with all these partners deterirated in the last fur years, witnessed by the decrease in the exprts/imprts ratis. As in previus years, the Japanese bilateral trade deficit with China cntinued t expand reaching a remarkable value f bn ecu (less than -3 bn ecu in 1993). Hwever the largest bilateral deficit remained that with OPEC cuntries, reflecting the dependence f Japan n freign il. [See fig. 4.1.] After the slwdwn in , 1996 experienced a further weakening f exprt grwth which, in ecu value terms, fell by -4.4%. As already mentined, this figure can be party e x p r t s Japanese exprts went dwn by -4.4%. A, r _ * 20

28 Chapter 4 in ecu terms. In vlume slightly up by +0.5%. Japanese share f the wrld exprts went dwn t 10.5%. The fur NIEs (25% share) and ASEAN (18%) were the mst imprtant utlets after the USA (27.5%) and befre the EU (15%). Mst dynamic utlets were the CEECs, the Mediterranean and the Gulf States. Rerientatin f the Japan exprts tward the Asian markets. In 1996 they glbally cvered the same share as EU and Nrth America explained by the recent devaluatin f the yen. Hwever, the vlume f Japanese exprts inverted the grwing trend shwed in the tw previus years and remained stagnant at a mere +0.5%. As a result, the share f Japanese exprts in wrld ttal exprts (intra-eu trade excluded) fell by 1.3 percentage pints cmpared t 1995, reaching 10.5%. Declines in the ecu value f exprts were registered with all the largest exprt markets, in particular with the Eurpean Unin (-8%), the fur NIEs (-5.8%) and the United States (- 4.6%). These areas are by far the mst imprtant utlets fr Japanese exprts, cvering mre than tw-thirds f the ttal sales (218.5 bn ecu) in The seven ASEAN markets amunted t 17.6%, a value f bn ecu (-3% dwn cmpared t 1995). On the cntrary, remarkable exprt grwth rates were shwn by the sales f gds t CEECs (+16.7%), the Mediterranean Basin (+9.4%) and the Gulf States (+14%). Hwever the shares f these cuntries were still marginal: in 1996 they glbally cvered 3.2% f the ttal exprts. The partial rerientatin f Japanese exprts during the last fur years is als wrth nting. In 1993, the glbal share f EU, USA and Canada (48%) was greater than the share f the Asian markets (37%). Meanwhile, in 1996 the Asian cuntries glbally represented almst the same share as the Eurpean Unin and Nrth American partners (arund 44%). [See figs. 4.2 and 4.3.] IMPORTS Imprts grwth rate +7% in value and +3.4% in vlume. The EU was nly the third largest supplier t the Japanese market (14% market share), after the US (23%) and ASEAN (15%). Remarkable increases fr the imprts frm China (+16%) and ASEAN (+12%). In 1996, Japanese imprts cntinued t grw (by +7% in value and by +3.4% in vlume), albeit at a slwer pace than in the previus year. After tw years f abve-average grwth, imprts frm the Eurpean Unin slwed dwn in 1996 t a mere 4% grwth rate. As a cnsequence, the EU market share in Japan went dwn slightly t 14.1% and has been vertaken by the seven ASEAN cuntries whse sales expanded briskly (+12% in 1996) cvering 15% f the ttal Japanese imprts. The mst imprtant supplier was again the United States whse share has been stable since the middle f the 1980s (at arund 23%). After the bm experienced in the last three years, imprts frm China cntinued t expand in 1996 (+15.6%) pushing this cuntry s market share t 11.6% f the ttal. This is almst the same share registered by the fur NIEs cuntries, whse exprts t Japan slwed dwn remarkably t a 2% grwth rate (cmpared t +20.7% in 1995). [See figs. 4.4 and 4.5.] 21

29 Chapter 4 TRADE BALANCE BYPRODUCT The surplus In the manufacturing sectrs fell by 15% t +157 bn ecu. Slight increase in the primary prducts deficit (-112 bn). Largest surplus registered in the autmtive sectr (+50 bn ecu). Grwing deficit in the textile sectr (-14.5 bn). The fall in the Japanese verall trade deficit was mainly accunted fr by the 15% decline in the manufactured prducts surplus (t bn ecu), althugh the traditinal Japanese deficit in primary prducts als widened (by +6 bn ecu). The increase f the primary prducts deficit was t a large extent due t higher internatinal il prices that raised the energy bill, while deficits fr agricultural prducts and ther raw material remained stable. Amng the manufactured prducts mst sectrs shwed a deteriratin f their trade psitins due t the gaps between imprt and exprt grwth rates. The largest surpluses were registered in autmtive prducts (+49.3 bn ecu), ffice equipment and nnelectrical machinery (almst +40 bn ecu each). The textile and clthing sectr shwed a grwing deficit in the last fur years tpping bn ecu in 1996, while the medical and pharmaceutical prducts balance was stable at arund -2 bn ecu deficit. [See fig. 4.6.] EXPORTS BY PRODUCT Japanese exprts are structurally cncentrated n manufactured prducts (95% f the ttal). Sluggish perfrmance in manufactured prducts grwth in vlume ternis (+0.6%). Due t its pr endwment f natural resurces, Japan has develped an exprt structure heavily biased twards manufactured prducts (95% f the ttal in 1996). Tw sectrs, machinery and transprt equipment, tgether accunted fr almst 70% f the ttal exprts. Only the medical/pharmaceutical sectr and the nn-metallic manufactured prducts registered psitive grwth rates in ecu terms cmpared t Even if lking at vlumes eliminates the exchange rate effect, the perfrmance f Japanese exprts f manufactured prducts was particularly disappinting in Indeed, while exprts markets expanded by +8.5% in vlume terms, Japanese exprts nly increased by +0.6%. IMPORTS BY PRODUCT Primary prducts imprt market share reduced substantially t less than -44% in The peculiar Japanese imprt structure is gradually cnverging twards the majr partners pattern. The Japanese imprts structure is peculiar cmpared t ther industrial partners. This is due t the scarcity f natural resurces f this cuntry. Even if the share f primary prducts in verall trade has decreased dramatically since 1980, they still represented mre than 50% f ttal imprts in Hwever, in the last fur years, imprts f manufactured prducts grew faster than imprts f primary prducts. This was partly due t the sluggish dynamic f the internatinal cmmdity prices until 1995, but it may als be the cnsequence f the relcatin prcess by Japanese manufacturers that generates the s-called "reverse imprts" frm their freign subsidiaries. As a result, in 1996, imprts f manufactured prducts represented almst 55% f ttal imprts, cnfirming the gradual cnvergence f Japan s trading pattern and that f the majr partners. 22

30 Chapter 4 Psitive grwth rates were registered by almst all the manufactured sectrs. Only irn and steel, chemicals and nn-metallic prducts went dwn cmpared t Except fr purchases f fuel prducts, bsted by the increase f the internatinal il prices in 1996, the value f imprts f ther raw materials was stable, r even fell, cmpared t On the cntrary, the grwth rates were psitive in almst all manufactured prducts sectrs. Only imprts f irn and steel (-20%), chemicals (-2.2%) and nn-metallic manufactured prducts (-2.1%) went dwn cmpared t

31 Chapter 4 Fig Japanese exprts in 1996 / (% change ver 1995) Fig Gegraphic breakdwn f Japanese exprts in 1996 Others 15% 24

32 Chapter 4 Fig Japanese imprts grwth rates in 1996 Fig Gegraphic breakdwn f Japanese imprts in

33

34 Chapter 5 EUROPEAN UNION, UNITED STATES AND JAPAN TRADE - BREAKDOWN BY PRODUCT GROUP PRIMARY PRODUCTS The Triad cuntries primary prducts deficits deterirated in 1996 due t dynamic imprt grwth rates. EU deficit was cncentrated in the fuels sectr (-64 bn ecu). The Unin was a majr exprter but als the Triad s chief imprter f agricultural prducts. These were mainly supplied frm Latin America, ACP cuntries and the USA. Buyant imprts pushed up the US primary prduct deficit (-36.5 bn ecu in 1996). The mst imprtant utlets fr US agricultural exprts were Japan, Latin America and the NIEs. Almst 60% f US agricultural imprts came frm the American cntinent. All the Triad cuntries registered a deteriratin f their primary prducts deficits in This was due t the gap between imprts and exprts grwth rates fr these prducts. Bsted by the increase in internatinal il prices, imprts f primary prducts registered quite dynamic grwth rates that, fr the EU and the USA, were even bigger than the crrespnding rates fr manufactured prducts. On the exprts side, n the cntrary, grwth was mre mdest and, in the case f Japan, even negative (in line with the verall reductin f the ecu value f the Japanese imprts). As far as the Eurpean Unin is cncerned, the huge primary prducts deficit (almst -100 bn ecu) was heavily cncentrated in the fuels sectr (-64 bn ecu). The gegraphical breakdwn shwed that the mst imprtant deficits were registered with OPEC, Latin America and the three EFTA cuntries. In 1996, fr the secnd cnsecutive year, the grwth f the value f agricultural prducts imprts was sluggish, thus slightly reducing the trade deficit in this prduct categry. Hwever, the Unin remained the largest imprter f agricultural prducts (66 bn ecu) amng the Triad cuntries. Its main suppliers were the Latin American cuntries, the ACP States and the USA. Meanwhile, cntrary t Japan, it was als a majr exprter f these prducts. The Mediterranean cuntries, the United States and the CIS/CEECs cuntries were the mst imprtant utlets fr the Unin agricultural exprts. The big increase in the ecu value f the United States deficit in primary prducts (frm -24 bn t bn) was caused by a cmbinatin f high imprts, due t the dynamic ecnmic activity, and sluggish exprts. In 1996, almst ne quarter f US exprts f agricultural prducts went t Japan. Other imprtant utlets were the Latin American cuntries and the fur NIEs with arund 13% each. US agricultural exprts t the CIS and the CEECs, althugh small in abslute terms, were particularly buyant in The tw mst imprtant suppliers f agricultural prducts fr the US were Canada and Latin America that glbally accunted fr arund 58% f imprts f these prducts. The imprt bill fr petrleum and ther petrleum prducts increased due t higher internatinal prices, reaching mre than 48 bn ecu. Half f the US imprts f petrleum prducts came frm the OPEC states and ne-third frm Latin America. The latter cuntries were als an imprtant utlet fr US exprts f these prducts with a 30% share.

35 Chapter 5 Higher il prices and the devaluatin f the yen bsted the Japanese deficit in the primary sectr. The USA was the main supplier f agricultural prducts n the Japanese market; fllwed by the ASEAN cuntries and China. T a large extent, the increase f the Japanese primary prducts deficit ( bn ecu) was caused by higher internatinal prices f petrleum prducts (average increase f 25% in ecu terms in 1996) as well as by the depreciatin f the yen vis-a-vis the ecu (-11% in 1996). Hwever, the sharp drp in imprts f ther cmmdities (mainly nn-agricultural raw materials and nn-ferrus metals) cntributed t keep the verall grwth rate fr the primary prducts belw the average and, cnsequently, the share f these prducts in ttal Japanese imprts fell t 44% (51.5% in 1993). Japanese dependence n fd imprts remained high, with the US still the main supplier f agricultural prducts (31% share). Meanwhile, the ASEAN cuntries share f Japanese imprts f agricultural prducts declined slightly, t the advantage f imprts frm China, which became the third supplier in PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS Due t the increase in internatinal il prices, the ecu value f imprts f petrleum prducts went up dramatically in the Triad cuntries. The deficits fr this sectr reached -50 bn ecu bth fr the EU and the US and bn ecu in Japan. After the 10% increase registered in 1995, imprt price f crude il in EU cuntries rse again in 1996 by +21% t reach an average f $US 20.7 per barrel. In additin, the 3% depreciatin f the ecu against the dllar increased the value f il supplies in ecu terms. Against this backgrund, imprts f petrleum prducts dramatically increased in the EU (by +20% in value), as well as in the US (+27%) and Japan (+18.4%). The share f imprts f this prduct grup went up again in all three regins after the drp registered in It represented mre than 10% f the value f ttal EU and Japanese imprts, while it was nly 8.4% f the American imprts. As a cnsequence, the petrleum prducts deficits f the Triad cuntries, which had slightly imprved in the last three years, went up remarkably reaching almst -50 bn ecu in the Unin and the United States. Meanwhile, the Japanese deficit ttalled bn ecu. The Unin reduced further its dependence n il imprts frm the Gulf regin thanks t supplies frm the Nrwegian Nrth Sea il resurces. The US diversified its surces mre n the American cntinent, while Japan s il imprts were still heavily cncentrated in the Gulf regin. In line with the trend bserved ver earlier years, the EU and US reduced further their dependency n petrleum and petrleum prducts frm the Persian Gulf regin in These imprts accunted fr less than 16% f ttal imprts. Japan als slightly reduced its purchases frm the Gulf, but it was unsuccessful in its effrts t increase the gegraphical diversificatin f its supplies: in 1996, 63.4% f its imprts still came frm this area. Meanwhile, bth the EU and the US increased the diversity f their surces f supply. In the case f the EU, the share f imprts frm EFTA (almst 23%) is larger than that f the Gulf States, thanks t Nrwegian Nrth Sea il resurces. Latin America and, t a lesser extent, Canada increased their share f the US imprt market. China s market share in Japan stabilised at 4.3%, while still marginal in the EU and US markets. 28

36 Chapter 5 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS Between 1993 and 1996 the EU surplus in manufactured prducts dubled cmpared t 1993 and reached +150 bn ecu. The US deficit was stable in relative terms, while the Japanese structural surplus went dwn by-20%. The recent trends in the manufactured prducts trade f the Triad were quite different. On the ne hand, the Eurpean Unin exprts f manufactured gds were quite buyant during this perid and shwed cnsistently larger grwth rates than the crrespnding imprts. As a cnsequence, the EU trade balance imprved sharply, dubling its surplus in fur years and reaching +150 bn ecu in In the same perid, the US deficit increased by +24 bn ecu in abslute value. Hwever, it was almst stable in relative terms (as a percentage f ttal manufacturing trade), shwing an exprt/imprt rati f 77%. Finally, the huge Japanese manufacturing surplus went dwn dramatically frm +200 bn ecu t +157 bn ecu, due t a cmbinatin f the dynamic trend f the Japanese imprts and sluggish exprt grwth. In 1996, the EU shwed bilateral deficits nly with Japan and China. The balance with the fur NIEs shwed a surplus fr the secnd cnsecutive year (+8 bn ecu). US deficit in transfrmed prducts was cncentrated in Asia and Eurpe. Meanwhile the US balance was glbally psitive with the partners f the American cntinent. Japan registered deficits in manufactured prducts nly with China and EFTA. With respect t its trade partners, in 1996 theeu psted bilateral deficits in manufactured prducts nly with Japan (-21.3 bn ecu) and China (-14.3 bn ecu). The trade balance with the NIEs that shwed a -6 bn ecu deficit in 1993 turned int a remarkable +8 bn surplus in 1996, while the surplus with CEECs almst dubled in the same perid. In line with the trend bserved in previus years, trade in manufactured prducts with Central and Eastern Eurpe prgressed rapidly in 1996 (+20% grwth). Exprts t the CIS and the Mediterranean cuntries were quite buyant, while the EU perfrmance stagnated in sme imprtant markets: Canada, China, and EFTA. In 1996, imprts frm Japan cntinued their negative trend, while the US sales in EU markets recvered after the drp in Negative rates were als registered in the manufactured imprts frm the CIS, Latin America and the Gulf States. Gegraphically, the US deficit in manufactured prducts was cncentrated n Japan, the Eurpean Unin and the rest f Asia. Mrever, the US recrded a reductin f its surpluses with Canada and Latin America, that tgether accunted fr 40% f its exprts f manufactured prducts in With the relevant exceptin f exprts t the EU, Canada, the Mediterranean Basin and the NIEs, the US in all the ther areas analysed registered an exprt grwth well abve the 11% average. In particular sales in the EFTA markets, the Gulf States and the CIS cuntries shwed impressive grwth rates cmpared t 1995 when the American exprt perfrmance was negative. After tw years f negative grwth rates US exprts t China recvered by a significant +11.3%. Whereas in 1993 Japan had n bilateral deficit in manufactured prducts with any f the regins defined in the annexed tables, in 1996, it ran deficits with bth China (-8.4 bn ecu) and the EFTA cuntries (-0.6 bn). 29

37 Chapter 5 In the last fur years, China and the ASEAN cuntries increased their glbal share f Japanese imprts t 30%. The US and EU shares were stable at arund 27% and 22% respectively. While imprts frm the fur NIEs and Suth Asia shwed a decrease in 1996, purchases frm China and ASEAN surged and represented 30% f the ttal imprts f manufactured prducts; almst seven percentage pints increase ver Imprts frm the CEECs and Latin America als grew quite rapidly, while EU sales slwed dwn frm the higher rates registered in The US stabilised its market share in the Japanese market at arund 27% (the first supplier fllwed by the EU with 22%). On the exprt side, Japan s sales f manufactured prducts t almst all freign markets declined in ecu value. In particular in the tw mst imprtant partners (the US and the EU) Japanese exprts drpped by -5% and -8.6% respectively. Marginal exceptins t this declining trend were exprts t the Gulf States, the Mediterranean and China. TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT The transprt equipment s share f ttal trade f the Triad cuntries is quite imprtant. In 1996 it varied frm 12% fr the EU t 15% and 16% fr the US and Japan respectively. In the Unin, imprts f transprt equipment went up quicker than exprts in Hwever, its surplus imprved reaching +45 bn ecu. EU autmbile exprts were quite dynamic, mainly in the US and Japanese markets. Impressive grwth rates als in trade (imprts and exprts) with the CEECs. Transprt equipment is, in the develped ecnmies, ne f the mst traded prducts. In 1996, this sectr represented 12% f ttal EU trade flws (imprts plus exprts) and 15% and 16% respectively fr the US and Japan. This sectr is characterised by intense intra-industry exchange, by numerus trade restrictins and by massive freign direct investment flws, which have in turn influenced the pattern f trade. Trade in transprt equipment is als very sensitive t fluctuatins f the ecnmic cycle. As in previus years, the Unin's trade surplus in transprt equipment increased significantly in 1996 and std at +45 bn ecu. Hwever, due t the psitive gap between imprts and exprts grwth rates (+10% against +7%) the exprts/imprts rati decreased t slightly less than 200%. This is an intermediate psitin between thse f the US (74%) and Japan (590%). The gegraphical breakdwn f transprt equipment exprts shwed a drp in sales t the Asian markets (except Suth Asia), t Latin America and t the Gulf States, while exprts t the Mediterranean cuntries, the CEECs and Japan registered a quite dynamic mmentum. The exprts slwdwn was mainly due t the perfrmance f the ther transprt equipment (trains, planes, bats, etc.) subcategry (+3.7% grwth rate), while exprts f autmtive prducts grew abve the average (+9.3%). Autmbile exprts t the US market (the single largest exprt market fr EU prducers with 23% share) went up by almst +11% in ecu terms. EU exprts t Japan cntinued t prgress rapidly (+18%), while imprt values stagnated: as a result, the bilateral trade deficit in autmtive prducts declined again t reach -4.3 bn ecu. Hwever, even if its share declined sharply frm 1993, Japan was still the mst imprtant supplier f autmbile prducts n the EU markets with 47% f the ttal value. 30

38 Chapter 5 Hwever, the mst significant develpment in the autmtive prducts sectr was the grwing imprtance f the trade with Central and Eastern Eurpean Cuntries. Exprts and imprts flws with these cuntries registered impressive grwth rates in the last fur years, enhancing their share t 18% and 12% respectively in US imprts f transprt equipment frm the American cntinent partners and frm Eurpe recvered after the fall registered in Meanwhile, imprts f Japanese cars cntinued t decrease. On the exprt side, the gd American perfrmance was mainly due t the buyancy f the ther transprt equipment. As a result, the trade deficit in this sectr went dwn by 2 bn ecu. The traditinal Japanese surplus in the transprt equipment sectr cntinued t deterirate in It went dwn t +64 bn frm +78 bn registered in The EU cnfirmed its psitin as the leading freign supplier n the Japanese autmbile market reaching 66% share in 1996 against 27.6% registered by the US. US imprts f transprt equipment (after the -4.2% drp in 1995) went up again by +7.5% and reached bn ecu in This was almst entirely accunted fr by the increase f imprts frm Canada, Latin America and the EU. On the cntrary, supplies frm Japan (mainly in the autmbile sectr) went dwn fr the secnd cnsecutive year. This perfrmance, in a perid f weakness f the yen exchange rate, culd be cnnected with the strategy f increased prductin in the US develped by Japanese car cmpanies. On the exprt side, the perfrmance f the US transprt equipment was quite dynamic, mainly due t the buyancy f the ther transprt equipment, while autmbile prducts expanded but a lwer pace. Almst 55% f the US sales f autmtive prducts went t Canada, while the Latin American markets, after the 1995 crisis, went up again by +13.6%, reaching a 15.5% share. Exprts t the Gulf States, the ACP and the ASEAN cuntries were als quite dynamic but they still represented nly a limited amunt f the ttal autmtive sales. As a result, the trade deficit f transprt equipment decreased by -2 bn ecu. Fr the secnd cnsecutive year, the bilateral deficit with Japan represented less than 100% f the ttal US deficit, reflecting a mre cmplex pattern f trade and the emergence f new cmpetitive prducers f transprt equipment. In 1996, Japan's trade in transprt equipment was prfundly affected by the exchange rate mvements and by the glbalisatin f the dmestic car industry. In line with the declining trend f the last tw years, exprts f transprt equipment went dwn in ecu terms (by -4.3%). At the same time, imprts registered a +4.8% increase, which resulted in a deteriratin in the traditinal Japanese surplus in this sectr (+64 bn ecu frm +68 bn ecu in 1995). The Japanese surplus in the autmtive sectr declined t less than 50 bn ecu. Althugh it remained larger than the EU surplus, the difference has narrwed cnsiderably in the nineties. In fact, whereas in 1993, the exprts/imprts rati f Japan was six times higher than that f the EU, in 1996 it was nly tw and a half times higher. In 1996, the EU cuntries remained the leading freign suppliers f autmtive prducts, accunting fr 66% f Japanese imprts. This was an imprtant increase, cmpared t the 62.6% market share registered in Imprts frm the US after three years f strng grwth went dwn sharply by -7% in value, reducing the US market share t 27.6% frm a remarkable 32% registered in

39 Chapter 5 On the exprt side, Japanese car sales went dwn in ecu value n all the majr markets. ASEAN cnfirmed its third place after US and EU Other regins remained marginal suppliers f the Japanese markets. Cmpared t their achievements in the US and EU markets, manufacturers frm the fur NIEs cuntries have nt succeeded in gaining a significant fthld n the Japanese market. This suggests that the Japanese cnsumers have a preference fr high-quality, luxury imprted cars and that the EU and US actins t pen up the Japanese autmbile market have had a strng influence n imprt vlumes. In 1996, Japanese exprts f autmtive prducts declined in ecu value in all majr exprt markets, while increases were registered nly in sales t still marginal partners like the CEECs, the Gulf States, Suth Asia and the Mediterranean. The ASEAN cuntries cnfirmed their psitin as the third largest exprt market f Japanese autmtive prducts, with 12% f the ttal. This phenmenn can be explained by the cntinued rbust demand f increasingly prsperus cnsumers f the regin and als by the imprts f parts and cmpnents used in the lcal car assembly plants that have been set up by Japanese manufacturers, usually in c-peratin with lcal partners. MACHINERY One third f the Triad trade is cncentrated in the machinery sectr. In 1996, EU and US exprts were quite dynamic leading t an imprvement f the respective trade balances. Japanese exprts drpped by 6% and its surplus went dwn t less than +94 bn ecu. In 1996, the Unin had the largest machinery surplus with the Mediterranean cuntries, which are als the largest market fr EU sales. With the exceptin f Japan and the NIEs, imprts frm Asia (mre than a half f the ttal) increased dramatically in the last fur years. The CEECs als were fast expanding suppliers dubling their share in the last fur years. Arund ne-third f the Triad s trade is cncentrated in the machinery sectr. In 1996, exprts f these prducts remained buyant, rising faster than verall trade in the EU cuntries and in the US. Meanwhile, imprts were less dynamic, shwing belw-average grwth rates. As a result, the EU surplus increased by +11 bn ecu reaching +45 bn ecu, while the US deficit fell t bn ecu. As fr Japan, the 1996 perfrmance was cmpletely different, partly due t the yen exchange rate devaluatin. Exprts f machinery drpped by -6%, while the purchases f these prducts cntinued t grw abve the verall average. This led t a remarkable decrease f the Japanese surplus t less than +94 bn ecu. Fr the EU, sales f machinery t third cuntries are f the utmst imprtance: in 1996, they represented almst 30% f ttal exprts. The Unin's relative strength in this sectr, measured by its exprt/imprt rati (132%), gives it an intermediate psitin between Japan (274%) and the US (88%). The Unin had a particularly strng cmpetitive psitin in the sub-grup pwer generating machinery and nn-electrical machinery where its surplus reached an impressive value f +64 bn ecu. In 1996, EU imprts f machinery grew at a rate very clse t the average (+6.4%). Imprts frm the Asian partners accunted fr mre than half the ttal and, except fr Japan and the NIEs, shwed dramatic grwth rates in recent years. The CEECs were als anther fast-expanding imprt market fr the EU, representing in 1996 almst 6% f ttal imprts f this prduct categry, twice that f Meanwhile, the US share remained stable at arund 30%. 32

40 Chapter 5 Overall, the EU ran trade surpluses with its immediate neighburs and all develping cuntries, but deficits with the US, Japan and the NIEs. The largest surplus was registered with the Mediterranean cuntries (+14.3 bn ecu), which were als amng the EU's largest exprt markets (10% share in 1996). In terms f prduct sub-categries, the EU imprved its trade surplus in pwer-generating machinery and nn-electrical machinery, while the trade deficit in ffice and telecmmunicatin equipment remained cnstant at -26 bn ecu. The bulk f the 1996 US deficit in machinery was cncentrated in the ffice and telecmmunicatin equipment sectr. 70% f the US purchases f machinery came frm Asia, while US sales were mainly directed t the Canadian and Latin American markets (30% f the ttal), fllwed by the EU with almst 22%. The Japanese surplus in machinery decreased by -18 bn ecu in 1996 cmpared t In 1996, US imprts in machinery, measured in ecu, expanded at a mre mdest pace than in the previus year (+5.7%). On the cntrary, exprts grew at a quite dynamic rate (+11%), a satisfactry perfrmance cnsidering that, in the previus years, imprts grew faster than exprts. As a result the US deficit, which had prgressed dramatically in the last three years, went dwn in 1996 by mre than 6 bn t bn ecu. Amng the three prduct sub-categries, trade in electrical machinery was the mst buyant, with exprts and imprts increasing by +13.3% and +11.3% respectively. Nevertheless, the trade balance fr this categry remained negative (-3.8 bn). Office and telecmmunicatin equipment displayed the largest deficit, ttalling bn ecu (mre than -32 bn ecu in 1995). Finally, nly in the sub-categry pwer-generating machinery and ther nn-electrical machinery did the US achieve a trade surplus. The bulk f the US deficit in the machinery sectr was cncentrated in Asia. The glbal deficit with Japan, ASEAN, NIEs and China that in 1996 accunted fr mre than 70% f the US machinery purchases, reached the large amunt f -60 bn ecu. This was nly partially cmpensated fr by the surpluses registered with Canada (+14.4 bn ecu) and Latin America (+8 bn ecu). These partners were als the mst imprtant utlets fr US sales in the machinery sectr, tgether cvering mre than ne third f the ttal. Trade with the EU, which received 21.7% f the US exprts, als cntributed psitively t the balance with +3 bn ecu. In Japan, imprts f machinery prducts (that represented almst 20% f ttal imprts) pulled ttal imprt grwth upwards: indeed, in value terms, they rse by a staggering +18.7%. At the same time, exprt grwth declined cmpared with 1995, registering a -6% drp in value against a psitive +5.3% rise in the previus year. As a result, the trade surplus in machinery declined, frm +112 bn ecu in 1995 t less than +94 bn ecu in Cntinuing a trend bserved in recent years, ASEAN and China further increased their psitin in Japan as bth majr suppliers and imprters f machinery, accunting fr 31% and 26% share respectively. Meanwhile trade with the NIEs, the first utlet fr Japanese machinery and the secnd supplier after the USA, was quite sluggish. 33

41 Chapter 5 The bilateral surpluses with the EU and the USA, which tgether represented 43% f Japanese exprts and 49% f imprts, went dwn by -4 bn ecu and -7 bn ecu respectively cmpared t In terms f prduct sub-categry, the deteriratin f the trade balance was cncentrated in the ffice machinery and telecm equipment sectr whse surplus went dwn by -13 bn ecu, essentially because f a drp in exprts t Eurpean and American markets. CHEMICALS EU trade surplus in chemicals imprved remarkably in 1996 (+5 billin ecu cmpared t 1995). The largest suppliers were the US and the EFTA cuntries, tgether cvering tw thirds f ttal imprts. The largest surpluses were registered with the Mediterranean, the NIEs, Latin America and the CEECs. US trade balance in chemical prducts slightly wrsened in 1996 but still shwed an imprtant surplus f+13 bn ecu. Largely psitive balances registered with Latin America and NIEs and grwing deficit with the Unin. The EU was the mst imprtant supplier with a share f almst 43%. Trade in chemicals represented mre than 10% f ttal EU trade in The relative imprtance f chemicals in EU imprts increased in the last fur years, and reached almst 8%, while its share f exprts remained stable at arund 13%. In 1996, EU trade balance grew remarkably in abslute terms (frm bn ecu t almst +36 bn ecu), and als the exprt/imprt rati increased again reaching the level registered in At 180%, this rati was higher than fr any f the Triad partners. The largest suppliers f chemical prducts were the United States and the EFTA cuntries, with almst tw-thirds f the Unin imprts. These tw partners, tgether with China, were als respnsible fr the three marginal bilateral deficits fr a glbal value f -3.2 bn ecu in The grwth f chemical imprts frm the ASEAN cuntries was impressive with +43%. Thugh the abslute level was still small, this grwth rate cnfirmed a recent trend and enhanced these cuntries share t 2.2%. The largest surplus was again registered with the Mediterranean cuntries (almst +6 bn ecu), fllwed by the fur NIEs, Latin America and the CEECs. The mst imprtant utlet fr EU chemical prducts was, hwever, the US (17% share). Sales t the American market went up briskly in 1996 (+19%) after a slight drp registered in The US trade balance in chemicals slightly decreased in 1996, but it was still the secnd in size after the trade surplus in agriculture (+13 bn ecu). The imprtance f this sectr fr the US trade remained stable, with 5.7% f the imprts and 10% f exprts. Hwever, imprts f chemical prducts have grwn faster than exprts fr fur cnsecutive years and the exprt/imprt rati cntinues t decline. Fr the whle sectr it has fallen frm 151 in 1993 t 135 in 1996 and the lsses were mainly cncentrated in the pharmaceuticals sectr. After tw years f decline, the EU s share f the US chemicals market went up by 2 percentage pints in 1996, reaching 42.8% (43.8% in 1993). Meanwhile, almst all the ther partners registered slight reductins in their market share. On the exprt side, the partners f the American cntinent increased their shares at 19.2% fr Latin America and 18.5% fr Canada respectively. These were the tw mst imprtant utlets fr US chemicals after the EU markets (24.4% share). Almst all the US surplus in this categry is due t the largely psitive trade balances with Latin America (+7.5 bn ecu) and the 4 NIEs f Asia (+4.8 bn) - tw rapidly expanding markets fr chemical prducts. Meanwhile the trade deficit with the EU increased by +2 bn ecu, reaching -3.6 bn ecu. 34

42 Chapter 5 Chemicals represented 7% f ttal Japanese exprts in Bth exprt and imprt flws went dwn in ecu value and the Japanese surplus slightly increased ttalling +4.7 bn ecu. ASEAN and the NIEs were the largest utlets representing tgether 50% f the Japanese exprts. On the imprt side, the tw mst imprtant suppliers, the EU and the US, tk a 69% share. TEXTILES AND CLOTHING The textiles and clthing sectr cntinued t reduce its share f the Triad s trade. The deficit fr these prducts grew fr all three partners. The grwing imprtance f the utward prcessing trade in the textile sectr is ne explanatin fr the remarkable perfrmance f the The Japanese chemical industry, after several very successful years, registered a drp in its exprts by -1.3% in Hwever, the chemical sectr cntinued t increase its share in Japan's exprts - nw reaching 7%. This result is mainly due t the negative perfrmance n the ASEAN and fur NIEs markets (almst 50% f ttal exprts in 1996) nly partly cmpensated fr by psitive sales grwth in the EU and the US. On the imprt side, the slwdwn was even mre prnunced (-2.2%) and was cncentrated n the tw Triad partners that in 1996 accunted fr ver tw thirds f the ttal imprts. On the ther hand, imprts frm China and the EFTA cuntries, even if less imprtant in abslute terms (bth arund nly 6%), registered a dynamic grwth rate f +10% cmpared t As a result, the Japanese trade balance fr chemicals slightly imprved, reaching +4.7 bn ecu. During the last three years, the plastics subsectin was the engine behind the grwing successes f the Japanese chemical industry shwing imprtant exprt grwth rates. Hwever, in 1996, a -4.5% drp in the sales f plastics abrad interrupted this trend. Medical and pharmaceutical prducts cntinued t be a relatively less dynamic sub-sectr f the Japanese trade. In 1996, fr the first time in fur years, exprts grew smewhat and imprts went dwn by -8%, resulting in an imprved trade deficit f -2 bn ecu. This subsectin is, apart frm textiles and clthing, the nly ne in which Japan cntinuusly registers substantial deficits. The pharmaceutical deficit with the EU crrespnded t threequarters f the ttal deficit, while trade with the US and EFTA accunted fr the rest. All the Triad members maintained rather imprtant and grwing deficits in textiles and clthing trade in Hwever, while the EU and the US imprved their exprt/imprt ratis in the last three years, the Japanese perfrmance measured by this rati wrsened frm 45% in 1993 t 29% in Meanwhile, in the last fur years the imprtance f this mature sectr has been reduced bth fr imprts and exprts. In 1996, exprt shares varied frm 8% in the EU t 6.6% in the US, with Japan in the middle at 7.4%. On the imprt side, the shares were arund 5% fr the Unin, 2.5% fr the US and 1.8% fr Japan. EU exprts perfrmed well in mst f the develping cuntries, mst ntably in the CIS, the CEECs, Latin America, Mediterranean and China. This has t be cnnected with the fast grwing utward prcessing trade in this sectr. The Central and Eastern Eurpean and the Mediterranean cuntries cnslidated their psitins as the mst imprtant utlets fr the Unin s textile exprts, with arund 20% share each.

43 Chapter 5 EU exprts t CIS, CEECs, Mediterranean and Latin American cuntries. China's share als increased t 13% and the bilateral deficit with this cuntry went up t almst -6 bn ecu. One fifth f US textile imprts and 43% f exprts were cncentrated in the Latin American markets. This can be an effect f the relcatin prcess f the US textile industry. The bulk f the US deficit is cncentrated in Asia. (-24 bn ecu, except Japan). The Japanese deficit in textiles (the largest in its manufactured sectr) cntinued t grw in 1996 reaching-14.5 bn ecu. Mre than 50% f imprts came frm China which expanded its surplus t +9 bn ecu. The Unin was the secnd largest supplier with almst a 15% share. Only 3.4% f Japanese textile imprts came frm Suth Asia. After the reductin in 1995, the EU s trade deficit with China increased again t -5.9 bn ecu, and China's market share in the EU imprts went up frm 12% t 13.1%. The deficit with ASEAN als increased slightly; meanwhile EU-Suth Asia trade cnfirmed its psitin as the largest bilateral deficit (-6.6 bn ecu). In value, mre than half f Suth Asian exprts t the EU is made up f textiles and clthing and ver 14% f EU imprts riginate frm this regin. Thanks t a quite dynamic exprt grwth rate (+14%) and a less imprtant perfrmance n the imprt side (+7.3%), the US exprt/imprt rati fr textiles and clthing increased by 2 percentage pints in 1996, reaching 29%. Hwever, after mining prducts, this is still by far the lwest rati f all majr prduct grups. Latin America has almst dubled its trade surplus with the US in textiles and clthing since This regin represented almst ne-fifth f US textiles and clthing imprts and 43% f the exprts, witnessing the imprtant relcatin prcess f the US textile industry after the NAFTA agreement. The bulk f the US textile deficit is, hwever, cncentrated in Asia. If we exclude the marginal surplus with Japan, all the ther Asian partners tgether ttalled a deficit f almst -24 bn ecu. Trade relatins with Canada were als quite dynamic in 1996 n bth the imprt and the exprt side. Canada was als the secnd mst imprtant utlet fr US textile exprts, with 19% share did nt see any change in the trend f cntinuusly grwing textiles and clthing deficit fr Japan. The deficit has in fact grwn bth in abslute terms (-14.5 bn ecu, almst twice that fr 1993) and in relative terms (55% f the ttal trade against 38% in 1993). It was Japan's largest manufacturing sectr deficit. Mre than half f Japanese imprts f textiles and clthing riginated frm China, which further expanded its surplus with Japan t +9 bn ecu. The trend f grwing Japanese exprts in this sectr t China cntinued (+13.3% grwth rate in 1996) but, in the Triad, Japan still had the largest deficit with this cuntry. The EU was the secnd largest supplier with almst 15% share (stable cmpared t 1995). The Japanese deficit with the Unin slightly increased in 1996, reaching -2.5 bn ecu. Meanwhile, the deficit with the ASEAN cuntries cntinued t grw, while that with the fur NIEs was smewhat reduced. It may be wrth nting that Suth Asia has nt been as successful in exprting t Japan as t the EU and the US. Only 3.4% f Japanese imprts in the sectr riginated in Suth Asia, cmpared t 9.4% fr the ASEAN cuntries. 36

44 Chapter 5 Fig Prduct breakdwn f merchandise trade f EU, US and Japan in 1996 % age Prduct breakdwn f EU merchandise trade, , % age Prduct breakdwn f US merchandise trade, 1996 Prduct breakdwn f Japanese merchandise trade, 1996 % age 37

45 Chapter 5 Bn ecu 0 Fig Trade balances in petrleum and petrleum prducts I U EU USA Japan Fig Trade balances in autmtive prducts Bhecu HJ USA Japan Fig Trade balances in ffice machines and telecmmunicatin equipment Bn ecu EU USA Japan 38

46 Chapter 5 Fig.5.5- Trade balances in chemicals D1993 Q ^1996 USA Japan Bn ecu Fig Trade balances in textiles and clthing -35 EU USA Japan

47 SPECIAL SUBJECT: REGIONALISM IN WORLD TRADE The term reginalisatin is usually taken t mean the integratin prcess amng cuntries belnging t a cmmn gegraphical area. This is an ld phenmenn that recently increased in imprtance as a result f the increase f reginal integratin plicies, mst ntably in the frm f reginal integratin agreements. In rder t facilitate the quantitative study f the reginalism in wrld trade, DG1-2 develped a series f statistical tables analysing the reginal trade f sme selected areas: - Eurpean Unin (15 members) -NAFTA -MERCOSUR -APEC -ASEAN - ASEAN+China+Krea - ASEAN+China+Krea+Japan Fr each regin selected, these tables allw the analysis f intra-area trade cmpared t extra-area and t ttal trade. It is als pssible t mnitr the trend f the regins trade with ther areas and/r partners. The tables refer t ttal trade, manufactured gds, primary prducts, agricultural and energy prducts. The perids cvered are 1985 and SHARE OF THE INTRA AND INTER-AREA FLOWS IN WORLD TRADE IN 1995 (in brackets 1985 values) (Imprts + Exprts average based n ecu values) 40

48 As can be seen frm the graph, in 1995 the intra-reginal flws f five regins (EU, EFTA, NAFTA, MERCOSUR and Asian ASEM) represented 43% f wrld trade. This is a significant increase cmpared t 1985, when intra-reginal trade cvered nly 36.7%. In additin, during the decade , all the regins analysed shwed an increase in the share f intra-reginal trade in their ttal trade. Hwever, this is nt sufficient t justify the idea that wrld trade is heading twards a trend f prgressive plarisatin in reginal areas which are strngly integrated and less pen t multilateral trade. The grwth f the intra-reginal flw share f sme regins in wrld trade (and in the ttal trade f these regins) culd be partly due t a statistical cnsequence f the increased imprtance f their ttal trade in wrld trade. As a matter f fact, during the ten year perid cnsidered the share in wrld trade f the three main reginal blcks (EU, NAFTA and ASEM) went up frm 75% t almst 80%. (A) Share f intra-area trade in the M ai trade f the regin (&) Share f the ttal trade f the regin in wrld trade intra-regnal trade relative intensity index (A/B) EU NAFTA ASEM MERCOSUF EFTA

49 One way t avid this statistical bias is the use f specific intra-reginal trade relative intensity indices 1. This eliminates the effect f the relative size f the regins n the increase f the share f intra-reginal flws in ttal wrld trade. The intrductin f these indicatrs in the analysis f the plarisatin f the wrld trade culd shw quite a different picture. In 1995, while intra-reginal trade reached 64% f the Unin s ttal trade, the Eurpean Unin, shwed an intra-reginal trade intensity index (1.51) lwer than all the ther regins (excluding EFTA). This represented nly a slight increase cmpared t 1985 (1.49), due t the fact that the increase in the share f intrareginal trade was accmpanied by an imprtant grwth in the EU share f wrld trade. This shws that the Eurpean Unin is nt an inward-lking blck. On the cntrary, its grwing integratin was accmpanied by a dynamic evlutin f extrareginal trade flws. In cntrast, the index fr NAFTA went up frm 1.81 t 2.15 in the same perid, als reflecting the decrease f the share f this regin in ttal wrld trade flws. In the case f the Asian ASEM, the increase f intra-reginal trade was mre than cmpensated fr by the 5 percentage pint grwth f this reginal gruping s share f wrld trade. As a cnsequence the intra-area trade intensity index fell frm 1.87 t 1.78 between 1985 and Finally, while the very lw level f reginal integratin in the EFTA area is explained by the small number f cuntries and by the strng cmmercial links with the EU area, the trend is cmpletely different fr the MERCOSUR cuntries. In the decade analysed, their intra-reginal flws went up dramatically, frm 7% t 19%. Hwever, in the meantime, their share f wrld trade slightly expanded (0.1 percentage pints), resulting in a sharp increase f the index, which reached in The intra-reginal trade relative intensity index is calculated using the fllwing frmula : ITI = (ata/atw)/(atw/wtw) were ata = intra-area trade fr regin (a) atw = trade f regin (a) with the wrld (w) WTW = wrld trade The regins mre pen t trade with third cuntries are characterised by relatively lw levels f the index. An increase f it can be interpreted as a sign f a clser reginal integratin. Hwever such an indicatr shuld be carefully used because it is als influenced by ther factrs. Fr example, as it is based n data expressed in a single currency (ECU), it can be biased by the different currency cmpsitin f trade f individual regin and by exchange rate variatins. 42

50 ANNEX DEFINITION OF COUNTRY GROUPINGS...A-2 DEFINITION OF PRODUCT GROUPINGS...A-3 STATISTICAL TABLES...A-4 0-Gegraphic breakdwn f ttal trade... A-4 1-Trade.with the wrld A-11 2-Trade with the Eurpean Unin...A-15 3-Trade with the United States... A-19 4-Trade with Japan...A-23 5-Trade with Canada...A-27 6-Trade with the EFTA cuntries... A-31 7-Trade with Central and Eastern Eurpean Cuntries... A-35 8-Trade with ex-ussr...a-39 9-Trade with Mediterranean Basin...A Trade with Latin America... A Trade with China... A Trade with ASEAN... A Trade with the 4 NIEs f Asia...A Trade with Suth Asia...A Trade with the Gulf States... A Trade with ACP...A Trade with OPEC......A Trade with Australia and New Zealand...A-79 A-1

51 DEFINITION OF COUNTRY GROUPINGS ANNEX 1) EUR 15 - the fifteen Eurpean Unin Member States. Data frm the UN database "Cmtrade" include, in the definitin f Spain, the Canary Islands and Ceuta and Mellila ("Spanish territries nt included in the custms r statistical territry"). EUR15 data fr the years are extracted frm Cmtrade and fr that reasn they are nt exactly cmparable with the Eurstat-Cmext data fr ) EXTRA-EU r EXTRA-15 - all third cuntries. 3) EFTA - Iceland, Nrway, Switzerland. 4) MEDITERRANEAN BASIN - Albania, Algeria, Ceuta and Melilla, Cyprus, Egypt, Gibraltar, Israel, Jrdan, Lebann, Libya, Malta, Mrcc, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, ex-yugslavia. Ceuta and Melilla are nt included in the statistical data frm the Cmtrade database due t their inclusin in the Spanish statistics. 5) CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES -Estnia, Latvia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Pland, Rmania, Slvakia, Slvenia. 6) CIS (COMMUNITY OF INDEPENDENT STATES) - Ukraine, Belazrus, Mldva, Russia, Gergia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tadjikstan, Kyrghistan. 7) LATIN AMERICA - Argentina, Blivia, Brazil, Chile, Clmbia, Csta Rica, Cuba, Dminican Republic, El Salvadr, Ecuadr, Guatemala, Haiti, Hnduras, Mexic, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela. 8) ASEAN - Brunei, Indnesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapre, Thailand, Vietnam. 9) NEWLY INDUSTRIALISED ECONOMIES (FOUR ASIAN NIEs) - Hng Kng, Singapre, Suth Krea, Taiwan. 10) SOUTH ASIA - Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. 11) GULF STATES - Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. 12) OPEC - Algeria, Ecuadr, Gabn, Indnesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela. 13) ACP - 70 trading partners. A-2

52 DEFINITION OF PRODUCT GROUPINGS ANNEX 1. Primary prducts 1.1 Agricultural prducts 1.2 Mining prducts Nn-ferrus metals Fuels Petrleum and petrleum prducts 1.3 Nn-agricultural raw materials SITC SITC t SITC SITC 68 SITC 3 SITC 33 SITC Manufactured prducts SITC Machinery SITC t Office machines and telecmmunicatin equipment SITC Pwer generating machinery and ther nn-electrical machinery SITC t Electrical machinery and apparatus SITC Transprt equipment SITC Autmtive prducts SITC t Chemicals SITC Medical/pharmaceutical prducts SITC Plastics SITC Other manufactured prducts SITC Textiles and clthing SITC Irn and steel SITC Paper and articles f papers SITC Nn-metallic mineral manufactures, N.E.S. SITC Other prducts SITC 9 A-3

53 TABLE GEOGRAPHIC BREAKDOWN OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS ALL PRODUCTS EUROPEAN ONION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS (BN ECU) WORLD (*) 476,3 523, 1 544, 8 580,0 515, 1 579, 3 589, 3 643, 9 205, 5 231, 0 257, 0 275,0 EUROPEAN UNION(15) 93, 3 104, 1 104, 6 116, 1 28, 1 32, 7 37, 4 38, 9 UNITED STATES 94,1 103, 0 103, 6 112,5 47, 6 53, 2 58, 0 62,8 JAPAN 57, 0 57, 9 54, 3 52,5 94, 3 103, 0 97, 2 92, 9 CANADA 8,6 9, 9 11/ 7 11 /5 97, 0 110, 9 113, 4 125, 8 6, 9 7, 5 8, 2 8,0 EFTA (3) 59,7 64, 0 69, 8 74 /5 7, 2 7, 9 8, 7 9, 7 3, 2 3, 5 4, 0 3,8 CENTRAL/EAST. EUROPE (10) 28,3 36, 4 44, 4 47,1 1, 6 2, 1 2, 1 2, 3 0,4,4 0, 4 0,4 CIS (12) 20,1 24, 2 24, 9 26 /4 1, 9 3/ 4 3, 9 3, 7 2/ 5 3/ 1 3/ 9 3,4 MEDITERRANEAN BASIN 41,1 43, 8 45, 0 49,5 7, 9 8, 7 8, 7 9, 9 1, 3 1, 5 1, 7 1/7 LATIN AMERICA 24,1 28, 7 30, 4 30 /2 63, 6 74, 0 80, 0 96, 2 6, 6 7, 5 8, 6 8,5 CHINA 19,7 23, 3 26, 3 30,0 28, 8 34, 8 37, 1 42, 8 17, 5 23, 1 27, 5 31, 8 ASEAN 28,5 32, 5 34, 5 38,5 37, 6 45, 4 49, 2 53, 9 30, 0 32, 9 36, 9 41,3 4 NIE'S OF ASIA 38,3 40, 0 38, 6 40,4 57, 3 62, 3 64, 7 67, 1 23, 0 26, 1 31, 5 32,1 SOUTH ASIA 10,2 11/ 6 12, 1 13 /3 6, 8 7, 8 7, 8 8, 6 2, 6 2, 9 3, 0 3,0 GULF STATES 12,8 11/ 1 11/ 5 13 /0 10, 1 9, 5 8, 8 9, 9 20, 4 20, 2 21, 0 24,1 ACP 15,8 18, 1 19, 9 22 /0 14, 2 13, 7 13, 3 15, 9 2, 0 2, 0 2, 0 2,0 OPEC 41, 9 40, 5 40, 1 46,3 30, 5 30, 3 30, 5 37, 0 32, 1 32, 0 32, 8 37,2 AUSTRALIA + N.ZEALAND 5,8 6, 6 6, 7 7,1 4, 1 4, 2 3, 9 4, 5 11/ 9 13, 2 13, 1 13,1 EXPORTS (BN ECU) WORLD (*) 469,0 524, 6 572, 2 623,4 396, 9 430, 7 445, 7 490, 5 308, 2 332, 6 338, 6 323,6 EUROPEAN UNION(15) 86, 7 90, 6 94, 5 100, 4 51, 4 51, 6 53, 9 49,6 UNITED STATES 90,2 102, 2 103, /3 90, 8 99, 8 93, 3 89, 0 JAPAN 24,4 28, 7 32, 9 35,6 40, 9 44, 9 49, 1 53, 2 i CANADA 9,4 10, 4 10, 3 10,7 85, 6 96, 0 96, 3 104, 4 5,4 5, 0 4, 4 4,0 EFTA (3) 56,9 63, 1 69, 6 72,3 7, 0 5, 9 5, 9 8, 0 3, 2 3, 1 2, 5 2,5 CENTRAL/EAST. EUROPE (10) 35,1 42, 8 53, 2 63,5 2, 0 1, 7 1, 7 2, , 5 0, 6 0,7 CIS (12) 16,6 18, 3 20, 8 24,8 3, 2 2, 8 2, 7 3, 7 1,4 1, 1 1, 0 1/ MEDITERRANEAN BASIN 55,0 56, 4 64, 5 72,5 11/ 8 11/ 8 11/ 2 12, 0 3, 9 3, 2 3, 2 3/5 LATIN AMERICA 25,2 29, 8 32, 4 35,5 62, 8 73, 8 69, 4 81/ 6 12, 8 14, 0 13, 7 12,3 CHINA 12,3 13, 8 14, 6 14 /7 7, 5 7, 8 9, 0 9,4 14, 7 15, 7 16, 8 17,2 ASEAN 25,8 30, 4 36, 8 40 /7 24, 2 27, 0 30, 3 34, 3 42, 7 51, 2 59, 4 57, 6 4 NIE'S OF ASIA 36,2 43, 4 49, 1 53,9 44, 9 50, 1 56, 8 59, 6 68, 6 78, 5 84, 8 79, 9 SOUTH ASIA 9,6 10, 7 12, 8 13,4 3, 4 2, 9 3, 7 4, 0 3, 2 3, 2 3, 5 3,5 GULF STATES 20,5 20, 0 21, 0 22,9 9/ 3 8, 2 7, 9 10, 0 7, 7 6, 2 5, 0 5,7 ACP 16,5 14, 4 17, 6 18,6 7, 2 7, 2 7, 6 8,4 4, 5 4, 1 3, 3 3,0 OPEC 42,0 37, 5 40, 3 43 /3 17, 6 16, 0 16, 0 18, 5 14, 7 13, 9 13, 6 13,7 AUSTRALIA + N.ZEALAND 9,1 11/ 1 12, 3 13,4 8, 1 9, 5 9, 5 10, 8 7, 7 8, 6 7, 4 7,2 (*) EXTRA-EU FOR THE UNION A-4

54 TABLE GEOGRAPHIC BREAKDOWN OF TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS ALL PRODUCTS EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN WORLD (*) -7,3 1,5 27,4 43,4-118,2 TRADE BALANCES (BN ECU) VO 00 H -143,6-153,4 102,7 101,6 81,6 48,6 EUROPEAN UNION(15) -6,6-13,5-10,1-15, 7 23,3 18, 9 16,5 10,7 UNITED STATES -3,9-0,8-0,3 1,8 43,2 46,6 35,3 26,2 JAPAN -32,6-29,2-21,4-16, 9-53,4-58,1-48,1-39,7 CANADA 0,8 0,5-1,4-0,8-11,4-14, 9-17,1-21,4-1,5-2,5-3,8-4,0 EFTA (3) -2,8-0,9-0,2-2,2-0,2-2,0-2,8-1,7-0,4-1,5-1,3 CENTRAL/EAST. EUROPE (10) 6,8 6,4 8,8 16,4 0,4-0,4-0,4-0,2 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,3 CIS (12) -3,5-5, 9-4,1-1,6 1,3-0,6-1,2-1,1-2,0-2,9-2,4 MEDITERRANEAN BASIN 13,9 12,6 19,5 23,0 3,9 3,1 2,5 2,1 2,6 1,7 1,5 1,8 LATIN AMERICA 1,1 1,1 2,0 5,3-0, 8-0,2-10, 6-14,6 6,2 6,5 5,1 3,8 CHINA -7,4-9,5-11, 7-15,3-21, 3-27, 0-28,1-33,4-2,8-7,4-10,7-14,6 ASEAN -2,7-2,1 2,3 2,2-13,4-18,4-18, 9-19,6 12, 7 18,3 22, 5 16,3 4 NIE'S OF ASIA -2,1 3,4 10, 5 13,5-12,4-12,2-7,9-7,5 45, 6 52,4 53,3 47, 8 SOUTH ASIA -0,6-0, 9 0,7 0,1-3,4-4,9-4,1-4,6 0,6 0,3 0,5 0,5 GULF STATES 7, 7 8,9 9,5 9, 9-0, 8-1,3-0,9 0,1-12,7-14, 0-16, 0-18,4 ACP 0,7-3,7-2,3-3,4-7, 0-6,5-5,7-7,5 2,5 2,1 1,3 1,0 OPEC 0,1-3,0 0,2-3,0-12,9-14,3-14,5-18,5-17,4-18,1-19,2-23,5 AUSTRALIA + N.ZEALAND 3,3 4,5 5,6 6,3 4,0 5,3 5,6 6,3-4,2-4,6-5,7-5, 9 EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN %) WORLD (*) EUROPEAN UNION(15) UNITED STATES JAPAN CANADA EFTA (3) CENTRAL/EAST. EUROPE (10) CIS (12) MEDITERRANEAN BASIN LATIN AMERICA CHINA ASEAN NIE'S OF ASIA SOUTH ASIA GULF STATES ACP OPEC AUSTRALIA + N.ZEALAND (*) EXTRA-EU FOR THE UNION A-5

55 TABLE GEOGRAPHIC BREAKDOWN OF THE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS ALL PRODUCTS EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN STRUCTURES OF IMPORTS (IN %) WORLD (*) , , 0 100, EUROPEAN UNION(15) 18, 1 18, 0 17, 7 18, 0 13,7 14,2 14, 6 14,1 UNITED STATES 19, 8 19,7 19, 0 19,4 23,2 23, 0 22, 6 22,8 JAPAN 12, 0 11,1 10, 0 9,1 18, 3 17, 8 16, 5 14, 4 CANADA 1,8 1,9 2,1 2,0 18, 8 19,1 19, 2 19, 5 3,4 3,2 3,2 2,9 EFTA (3) 12,5 12,2 12, 8 12, 8 1, 4 1,4 1, 5 1, 5 1,6 1,5 1,6 1,4 CENTRAL/EAST. EUROPE (10) 5,9 7, 0 8,1 8,1 0,,3 0,4 0,4, 4 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 CIS (12) 4,2 4,6 4,6 4,6 0, 4 0,6 0, 7 0, 6 1,2 1,3 1,5 1,2 MEDITERRANEAN BASIN 8,6 8,4 8,3 8,5 1, 5 1,5 1, 5 1, 5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,6 LATIN AMERICA 5,1 5,5 5,6 5,2 12, 3 12, 8 13, 6 14, 9 3,2 3,2 3,3 3,1 CHINA 4,1 4,5 4,8 5,2 5,,6 6,0 6, 3 6, 6 8,5 1 10, 7 11, 6 ASEAN 6,0 6,2 6,3 6,6 7,.3 7,8 8, 3 8, 4 14, 6 14,2 14,4 15, 0 4 NIE'S OF ASIA 8,0 7,6 7,1 7, 0 11, 1 10, 8 11, 0 10, 4 11,2 11,3 12, 3 11, 7 SOUTH ASIA 2,1 2,2 2,2 2,3 1,,3 1,3 1, 3 1, 3 1,3 1,3 1,2 1,1 GULF STATES 2,7 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,,0 1,6 1, 5 1, 5 9,9 8,7 8,2 8,8 ACP 3,3 3,5 3,7 3,8 2,,8 2,4 2, 3 2, 5 1,0 0, 9 0,8 0,7 OPEC 8,8 7, 7 7,4 8,0 5,.9 5,2 5, 2 5, 7 15, 6 13, 9 12, 8 13, 5 AUSTRALIA + N.ZEALAND 1/2 1,3 1,2 1,2 0,,8 0,7 0, 7, 7 5,8 5,7 5,1 4,8 STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS (IN %) WORLD (*) ,r0 H 100, 0 100, EUROPEAN UNION(15) 21,.8 21, 0 21, 2 20, 5 16,7 15,5 15, 9 15,3 UNITED STATES 19,2 19,5 18,1 18,3 29, , 6 27,5 JAPAN 5,2 5,5 5,7 5,7 10,,3 10,4 11, 0 10, 8 CANADA 2,0 2,0 1,8 1,7 21,,6 22, 3 21, 6 21, 3 1,8 1,5 1,3 1,2 EFTA (3) 12,1 12, 0 12,2 11,6 1,r8 1,4 1, 3 1, 6 1,0 0,9 0,7 0,8 CENTRAL/EAST. EUROPE (10) 7,5 8,2 9,3 10,2 0,,5 0,4 0,4 0, 4 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 CIS (12) 3,5 3,5 3,6 4,0 0,r8 0,7 0, 6 0, 8 0,5 0,3 0,3 0,3 MEDITERRANEAN BASIN 11,7 10, 8 11, 3 11, 6 3,r0 2,7 2, 5 2, 4 1,3 1,0 0,9 1,1 LATIN AMERICA 5,4 5,7 5,7 5,7 15,r8 17,1 15, 6 16, 6 4,2 4,2 4,0 3,8 CHINA 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,4 lț9 1,8 2, 0 1, 9 4,8 4,7 5,0 5,3 ASEAN 5,5 5,8 6,4 6,5 6,,1 6,3 6, 8 7,,0 13, 9 15,4 17,5 17,8 4 NIE'S OF ASIA 7,7 8,3 8,6 8,6 11,,3 11, 6 12,,7 12,,2 22,3 23, 6 25, 0 24,7 SOUTH ASIA 2,0 2,0 2,2 2,1 0,,9 0,7 0,,8 0,,8 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,1 GULF STATES 4,4 3,8 3,7 3,7 2,,3 1,9 1, 8 2,,0 2,5 1,9 1,5 1,8 ACP 3,5 2,7 3,1 3,0 1,r8 1,7 1,,7 1,,7 1,5 1,2 1,0 0,9 OPEC 9,0 7,1 7, 0 6,9 4,,4 3,7 3, 6 3,,8 4,8 4,2 4,0 4,2 AUSTRALIA + N.ZEALAND 1,9 2,1 2,1 2,1 2, 2,2 2,, 1 2,,2 2,5 2,6 2,2 2,2 (*) EXTRA-EU FOR THE UNION A-6

56 TABLE GEOGRAPHIC BREAKDOWN OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES ALL PRODUCTS EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) WORLD (*) 2,3 9,8 4,1 6,5 20,8 12, 5 1, 7 9,3 14,5 12,4 11,3 7,0 EUROPEAN UNION(15) 15, 8 11/ 6 0, 5 11, 0 8,1 16,4 14,4 4,0 UNITED STATES 2,5 9,5 0,6 8,6 17,2 11,8 9,0 8,3 JAPAN -1/4 1/6-6,2-3,3 22, 2 9,2-5, 6-4,4 CANADA -8,5 15,1 18,2-1/7 24,4 14, 3 2, 3 10, 9 16, 9 8,7 9,3-2,4 EFTA (3) 1/4 7/2 9/1 6,7 16,1 9, 7 10, 1 11,5 3/2 9/4 14,3-5,0 CENTRAL/EAST. EUROPE (10) 13,7 28, 6 22, 0 6,1 60, 0 31, 3 0, 0 9,5-20, 0 CIS (12) 9,2 20,4 2,9 6,0 171,4 78, 9 14, 7-5,1 31,6 24, 0 25/8-12,8 MEDITERRANEAN BASIN -3,1 6,6 2,7 10, 0 25,4 10, 1 0, 0 13, 8 18,2 15,4 13,3 0, 0 LATIN AMERICA -6,6 19,1 5,9-0,7 20,7 16, 4 8, 1 20,3 4,8 13,6 14,7-1/2 CHINA 21,6 18,3 12, 9 14,1 36,5 20, 8 6, 6 15,4 34,6 32,0 19, 0 15,6 ASEAN 18,3 14, 0 6,2 11, 6 29, 7 20, 7 8, 4 9,6 2 9,7 12,2 11/ 9 4 NIE'S OF ASIA 7,6 4,4-3,5 4/7 14,4 8, 7 3, 9 3,7 13, 9 13,5 20,7 1,9 SOUTH ASIA 2 13, 7 4,3 9,9 28,3 14, 7 0, 0 10,3 18,2 11/5 3,4 GULF STATES -1,5-13,3 3,6 13, 0 2,0-5, 9-7, 4 12,5 3,0-1/0 4,0 14, 8 ACP -11, 7 14,6 9, 9 10,6 14, 5-3,,5-2, 9 19,5 42, 9 0, 0 OPEC -4,3-3,3-1/0 15,5 11/3-0,r7 0,,7 21,3 7,4-0,3 2,5 13,4 AUSTRALIA + N.ZEALAND -10, 8 13,8 1/5 6,0 2,,4-7,,1 15,4 9,2 10, 9-0, 8 EXPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) WORLD (*) 13,8 11,9 9,1 8,9 15,2 8,r5 31r5 10,1 17,8 7,9 1,8-4,4 EUROPEAN UNION(15) 4,5 4,,5 4,,3 6,2-0,6 0,4 4,5-8,0 UNITED STATES 15,1 13,3 1/1 10, 6 22,2 9,9-6,5-4/6 JAPAN 11,4 17, 6 14, 6 8,2 11/1 9,r8 9,,4 8,4 CANADA 2,2 10,6-1, 0 3,9 23,2 12,r1 0,,3 8,4-1/8-7,4-12, 0-9,1 EFTA (3) 2,0 10, 9 10,3 3,9 52,2-15,,7 0,,0 35,6-3,0-3,1-19,4 CENTRAL/EAST. EUROPE (10) 27,2 21, 9 24,3 19,4 42, 9-15,-0 0,-0 23,5-16,7 20, 0 16/7 CIS (12) 16,1 10,2 13, 7 19,2 14,3-12,,5-3,F6 37, 0 55,6-21,4-9,1 0/0 MEDITERRANEAN BASIN 18, 8 2,5 14,4 12,4 21, 6 0,,0-5,,1 7,1 21,9-17, 9 0, 0 9,4 LATIN AMERICA 17, 8 18,3 8,7 9,6 14,4 17,,5-6,r0 17, 6 18,5 9,4-2,1-10/2 CHINA 68,5 12,2 5,8 0,7 29,3 4,,0 15,r4 4,4 59,8 6,8 7/ 0 2/4 ASEAN 25, 9 17, 8 21,1 10,6 30, 8 11,r6 12,,2 13,2 34, 7 19,9 16, 0-3/0 4 NIE'S OF ASIA 25,7 19, 9 13,1 9,8 20,1 11,,6 13,,4 4,9 22,5 14,4 8,0-5,8 SOUTH ASIA 18,5 11,5 19,6 4,7 41, 7-14,,7 27,t6 8,1 18,5 9,4 0/ 0 GULF STATES 6,2-2,4 5,0 9,0 6,9 11,f8-3,,7 26,6 2,7-19,5-19,4 14, 0 ACP -3,5-12,7 22,2 5,7 12,5 0,,0 5,,6 10,5 28,6-8,9-19,5-9,1 OPEC -1/9-10,7 7,5 7,4 4,1-9,,1 0,,0 15, 6 0,7-5,4-2,2 0,7 AUSTRALIA + N.ZEALAND 11, 0 22, 0 10, 8 8,9 2,5 17,f3 0,,0 13,7 22,2 11/7-14, 0-2,7 (*) EXTRA-EU FOR THE UNION A-7

57 TABLE GEOGRAPHIC BREAKDOWN OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS (BN ECU) WORLD (*) 146,0 158,7 164,4 176,1 99, 8 105,5 104,5 121,0 105,9 111,8 115,2 120,7 EUROPEAN UNION(15) 10, 8 12,5 11, 0 12, 3 4,6 5,1 5,3 5,3 UNITED STATES 13,6 14,4 16,2 15, 9 19,3 19,9 20,7 21, 0 JAPAN 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0, 9 1/0 1/0 0,9 CANADA 4,0 4,9 5,7 4,7 26, 8 29,6 29,7 34,1 5,8 6,3 6,7 6,4 EFTA (3) 18, 9 20,2 21,4 24, 8 ;1, 5 1/8 2,1 2,7 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 CENTRAL/EAST. EUROPE (10) 7,6 9,3 9,8 9,2, 3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 CIS (12) 15,2 17, 6 15, 7 17,5 1, 1 1/6 1,9 1/9 2,2 2,7 3,4 3,0 MEDITERRANEAN BASIN 20,1 20,4 19,3 22, 6 2, 6 2/3 2,2 2,8 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 LATIN AMERICA 18,6 22,3 22,3 21,7 24, 8 26/2 27, 9 33,3 5,6 6,4 7,4 7/2 CHINA 1/9 2,3 2,2 2,2 1, 1 1/2 1/3 1/5 5,7 7,1 6,9 7/5 ASEAN 5,5 6,2 6,1 6,4 4, 4 5/1 5/2 5/3 18, 8 18,8 18,6 19,4 4 NIE'S OF ASIA 0,7 0,7 0,6 0,6 1, 2 1/2 1/1 1/1 6,3 6,3 6,7 7,4 SOUTH ASIA 1/6 1/8 1/7 2,0 0, 6 0/8 0/7 0/9 1/1 1/3 1/3 1,4 GULF STATES 9/2 9/ 0 10,4 9,4 8,6 7/7 8/7 20,1 19,8 20,6 23, 9 ACP 12,3 14,4 14,4 15, 8 10, 4 9/5 9, 0 11,5 1/9 1,9 1/8 1/8 OPEC 34,4 32, 7 31, 6 37,3 25, 9 24, 7 24,7 30,2 29,2 28,8 29,5 33,4 AUSTRALIA + N.ZEALAND 4,5 5,0 4,9 5, 0 2, 7 2,4 2,3 2,5 10,4 11,2 11,2 11,6 00 H EXPORTS WORLD (*) 64,0 69,4 72,9 77,4 69, 2 73,1 (BN ECU) i> 00 84,5 7,5 8,3 9,0 8,5 EUROPEAN UNION(15) 12, 3 13,1 15, 0 14, 8 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,5 UNITED STATES 10,5 12, 0 10,1 11,2 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 JAPAN 3,5 4,1 4,2 4,4 15, 7 15, 9 16,6 16, 9 CANADA 1/6 1/6 1/4 1/5 9, 9 10,8 11/1 11/5 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0,1 EFTA (3) 8/3 9/2 9/3 9,7 0,4 0,4 0/4 0,5 CENTRAL/EAST. EUROPE (10) 5/4 6/1 6/9 7,7 0, 5 0,3 0/4 0/5 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 CIS (12) 4/0 4/3 4/9 6,0 1/ 5 1/0 1/1 1/7 0, 0 0, 0 MEDITERRANEAN BASIN 9/1 9/6 11,2 11,2 3, 3 3,2 3,8 4/0 LATIN AMERICA 2,5 2,8 3,3 3,2 9, 3 10,6 10,2 12,5 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 CHINA 0,4 0,7 1/0 0,7 1, 0 1/4 2,7 2,4 0,8 0,8 1,0 1/2 ASEAN 2,5 2,6 2/7 2,6 2, 5 3,0 3,7 3,9 1/5 1/7 1/7 1/7 4 NIE'S OF ASIA 4,0 4,6 4,6 4,8 8, 4 9,2 10, 9 10, 9 3,6 4/1 4,7 3,9 SOUTH ASIA 0,9 0,8 0,8 1/ 0, 7 0,8 1/1 0,8 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 GULF STATES 3,0 3,2 2,8 3/2 1, 2 1/2 1/2 1/2 0,1 0, 0 0,1 ACP 3,1 3,0 3,2 3/4 1, 8 1/7 1/9 2/1 0,1 0, 0 OPEC 6,3 6,1 6,1 5,9 3,,0 3,0 3,4 3,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 AUSTRALIA + N.ZEALAND 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8,,7 0,7 0,6 0/7 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 (*) EXTRA-EU FOR THE UNION A-8

58 Table TOTAL TRADE (ALL PRODUCTS) CLASSIFICATION OF THE FIRST 1O UNION PARTNERS IN 1996, IMPORTS Table TOTAL TRADE (ALL PRODUCTS) CLASSIFICATION OF THE FIRST 1O UNION PARTNERS IN 1996, EXPORTS 1995 mn ecu 1996 mn ecu h 1995 mn ecu % 1996 mn ecu % EXTRA.EU f which: EXTRA-EU f which: USA Japan Switzerland Nrway China Russia Taiwan Pland Canada Suth Krea I I I I O 1.9 USA Switzerland Japan Pland Nrway Russia Turkey Hng Kng China Suth Krea , Ttal abve cuntries Ttal abve cuntries Table TOTAL TRADE (ALL PRODUCTS) CLASSIFICATION OF THE FIRST 1O UNlON PARTNERS IN 1996, BY TRADE SURPLUS Table TOTAL TRADE (ALL PRODUCTS) CLASSIFICATION OF THE FIRST 1O UNION PARTNERS IN 1996, BY TRADE DEFICIT 1995 mn ecu 1996 mn ecu 1995 mn ecu 1996 mn ecu Hng Kng Switzerland Turkey Pland Australia U.A.Emir. lsrael Czech Rep. Canary lsles Suth Krea a 19 I I 4221 I Japan China Nrway Libya Russia Taiwan Nigeria lran Malaysia Algeria I A{ bis

59 Table TOTAL TRADE (ALLPRODUCTD CLASSIFICATION OF TIIE FIRST 10 PARTI\BRS OF USA IN 1996, IMPORTS Table TOTAL TRADE (ALLPRODUCTS) CU\SSNTCATION OF TIIE FIRST IOPARTI{ERS OFUSAIN 1996, EXPORTS 1995 bn ecu bn ecu /n bn ecu / bn ecu h WORLD f which: Canada EURI5 Japan Mexic China Tai-wan Suth Krea Singapre Malaysia Venezuela I t t9, , l6,s , , , , , ,3 9 t4436 1,4 l ,5 18,0 14,4 9,1 6,7 3,8 2,8 2,5 2,2 1,7 WORLD fwhich: Canada EURI5 Japan Mexic Suth Krea Tai-wan Srngapre Hng-Kng Brazil Australia ,6 I , ll, , , , ,4 8 l , , t , "5 53t72 10, ,1 2A%6 4, , , , , ,9 Ttal abve cuntries , ,8 Ttal abve cuntries , ,8 Table TOTAL TRADE (ALLPRODUCTD CLASSIFICATION OF TIIE FIRST 10 PARTI\IERS OFI]NITED STATES IN 1996, BY TRADE SI]RPLUS Table TOTAL TRADE (ALLPRODUCTD CI.ASSIFICATION OF TIIE T'IRST IO PARTNERS OF I]NITED STATES tr{ 1996, BY TRADE DEFICIT 1995 bn ecu t996 bn ecu 1995 bn ecu 1996 bn ecu Aushalia Hng-Kng Brazil SuthKrea Egypt Argentina Un. Arab.Emir. chili Turkey Panama I I t Japn China Canada EI.]RI5 Mexic Tai-wan Malaysia Venezuela Nigeria Indnesia I : ll t : : l A-9

60 Table TOTAL TRADE (ALL PRODUCTS) CLASSIFICATION OI'THE T'IRST 10 PARTI\TERS OF'JAPAN IN 1996, IMPORTS Table TOTAL TRADE (AL,LPRODUCTD CLASSIFICATION OF THE FIRST 10 PARTNERS OF JAPA}I IN 1996, E)(PORTS 1995 bn ecu t996 bnecu h 1995 bnecu r996 bnecu h WORLD fwhich: USA EIjRI5 China Suth Krea Indnesia Tai-wan Australia Malaysia Un. Arab. Emir Saudi Arabia , , r0, , , , i130 4, ?7 3,1 8 t , , , t4,l , , , ,3 I1206 4, , , ,1 WORLD fwhich: USA EI.]RI5 Suth Krea Tai-wan Hng-Kng China Singapre Thailand Malaysia Indnesia ,5 I , , , , , , s084 4, ,8 9 l , , , , , , , ,r , , , ,r Ttal abve cuntries , ,6 Ttal abve cuntries ,0 2693U 79,5 Table TOTAL TRADE (ALL PRODUCTD CLASSIFICATION OX'TIIE F'IRST TO PARTNERS OF'JAPAI\I IN I996,.BY TRADE SI'RPLUS Table TOTAL TRADE (ALLPRODUCTS) CLASSIF'ICATION OF TIIE T'IRST IO PARTNERS OF JAPAN IN 1996, BY IRADE DEFICIT 1995 bn ecu 1996 bn ecu 1995 bn ecu 1996 bn ecu USA Hng-Kng EUR15 Singapre Suth Krea Tai-wan Thailand Panama Philippines Malaysia I 2 J l l China I Un. Arab. Emir. 2 SaudiArabia 3 Australia 4 Indnesia 6 Canada 5 Russia 7 kan 9 Kuweit l0 Qatar I I t a J 4 ) 6 'l 8 9 l W A-10

61 TABLE ltrlports AND EXPORTS W TH THE REST OF THE WORLD r), By PRODUGT GROUP BUROPETTT InrION UrITED STAIES ttlrr PRDnetS s t ,3 523,L 5{t,8 58 rxprtg (Et lcu) s15,1 5?9,3 589,3 6{3,9 20s,s 231,0 257,0 275,0 PRITTARY PRODVCIS 1{6,0 158,? L6l,t L76,1 99,8 105,5 10{,5 121,0 105,9 111,8 LL3,2 L20,7 AGRICI'I.TI'RAI, PRODI' TS xrmxq PRODuerlt NON-FBRROUS METATJS FUEI,S PBTROIJEI'M/PE1R,. PR Ittt-A6Rrcttrf. RAr xrt. 55,0 61,1 87,5 89,7 9,5 t2,8 67,9 6s,e 54,4 52,3 3,5 1,5 61,2 5s,9 93,5 105, ,7 79,5 52,4 62,9 6,7 1,9 35,1 37,9 52,L 5{,s 7,7 9,9 50,5 50,5 45,4 44,3 2,6 3,0 35, 5 4L,7 53,9 76,2 11, ,2 60,? 42,8 54,3 4,0 3,1 49,t 55,0 54,5 55,7 55,2 5,!,8 58,0 53,1 5,7 6,5 8,2 1,2 42,L 40,5 4L,2 47,9 28,7 27,7 27,7 32,8 L,6 1,9 2,6 1,9 ItAtlItFACtItnE) PRODVeT!' xl5,a t49,1 35r,9 388,1 398,0 {5{,{ 155,2 50 9s,4 LLt,z 136,3 119,5 XTCEIITBRY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POI{ER/NON-EI,ECT. MACH EI,ECT. MACH. /APPARATU ItrlNgPOnr EQl'TPUllT AIITOMOTIVE PRODUqTS ceet Icll.tl MEDICAIJ/PHANM. PROD. PI,ASTICS OEEN, TTNSITCI('RID PROD. THTTILES AI{D CLON{ING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. F PAPER NON.METAL. MIN. MANI'F LLL,3 L27,L 130,{ 138,8 62,5 7L,2 68,5 72, ,3 3't,7 42,2 L7,7 2L,6 24,L 23,6 39,7 39,6 d3,0 17,2 zv,5 zv.t zlra z5,v?2,7 37,8 {3,1 14,9 6,7 7,4 8,3 9,6 s,6 6,4 7,9 7,4 132,8 144,8 1a8,5 155,3 42,9 45,'t 44,L 46,5 4,9 6,7 1 8,4 3,8 4,4 5,3 5,3 11,9 L2,8 13,5 14,9 138,{ 155,1 178,t 188,5 79,L 95,6 107,0 110,8 37,8 45,0 45,9 49,3 2L,5 24,5 25,5 28,5 98,s 99,1 9s,2 LO2,t 76,6 86,4 82,6 ag,2 25,0 29,8?2,2 35,7 3,6 4,0 4,3 5,6 4,3 5,2 5,7 6,L 1{5,1 160,1 tsg,l L72,s 38,0 40,6 39,6 42,5 9,3 13,0 LL,7 L2,9 7, ,6 10,3 LL,7 11,5 L2,9 25,7 32,7 L4,L L9,2 7,3 8,0 4,3 5,4 9,3 11,5 5,6 7,2 t5,1 15,5 3,4 3,5 L,4 1,5 15,4 53,3 L4,L L7,2 3,4 3,4 L,2 1, 3 3,1 4,3 15,5 5t,0 28,8 34,L 9,8 11,5 6,9 5,2 L2,5 13,1 9,1 9,8 18, { 18,0 3,4 3,5 L,'t 1,8 s9,9 64,1 1S, 9 20,3 4,4 3,5 L,6 1,8 4,7 4,6 OTBBR PRODI'ET8 13,9 15,1 1s,s 15,s L7,3 L9,4 19,6 22,9 4,2 5,0 5,5 I't EXPORTS (BX BCtt) AIJIJ PRODI'CTg 469,0 s?4,6 572,2 623,1 396,9 {30,7 115,7 490,5 308,2 332,5 338,6 323,5 PRIXAIT PBODI'CIS 64,0 59,1 72,9 77,4 59,2 73,L 80,7 8{,5 7'5 8,3 9,0 8,5 AORICOIIIIRAIr PRODItqrg xlmx PrDuetg NON-FERROUS MBTAIJS FttEIJS PETROLEW/PBTR. PR xf-aricitr,t. n w xat. 3 9,3 22,5 5,3 L4,2 L2,9 2,L 1t,3 15,r t8,5 21,8 23,6 25,2 6,r 7,0 1,6 L4,7 13,3 15,3 13,3 Lr,7 13,3 2,3 2,9 2,6 f8,5 51,5 51,5 s9,1 15,5 15,s L9,2 2 4,0 4,5 5,7 5,6 8,4 7,5 8,0 9,6 5,1 4,6 4,5 5,9 t,2 5,1 5,9 3,4 2,0 2,0 L,9 1,8 1,3 1,8 5,5 5,0 2,2 2,5 3,1 2,9 L,'t L,9 L,9 1,5 1,5 L,'t r,6 1,3 1,3 1,5 L,7 L,5 390,9 {39,1 la9,a 537,9 30?,1 338,8 3{7,5 385,5 295,5 3L7,9 322,4 307,0 XACEINTRI OFFICE/TEI,ECOU. EQUIP POIIER/NON-EI,ECT. }TACIT ELECT. MACH./APPARJAW TB.INSPOS.I IQUIPUEIT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUqTS ClIlaICALg I.{BDICAIJ/PHARM. PROD. PIJASTICS OIEIn,! A$SIAEN'I!D PROD. TEIcrI'JBS A}ID CIJ THING IRON N.ID STBEIJ PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-MHTAL. MIN. MAIiII'F 131,a 1a8,9 164,5 183,9 29,S 35,9 4r,9 46,8 79,4 86,7 94,5 106,1 22,2 25,4 28,1 30,9 66,1 73,7 97,9 91,1 4 47,2 52,4 57,7 59,3 67,0 73,4 80,? 13,5 L5,2 L6,9 Le,7 '9,7 11,3 L2,7 t3,6 131,6 lt5,5 150,{ 175, ,7 28,2 30,5 16,0 t6,4 L6,6 L7,7 8,3 9,6 L2,2 L2,3 16,5 18,5 19,5 2L,e L20,7 Lt1,7 1{8,6 165, ,4 74,9 92,4 46,2 50,4 51,8 58,0 18,4 20,9 2L,A 24,7 7L,t?t,l 55,7 75,L 38,0 4L,7 40,1 43,3 39,2 tl,l 47,2 49,6 5,0 5,2 5,0 s,s 9,2 10,6 11,5 L2,3 7s,9 82,6 85,2 91,7 9,4 10,3 LO,7 t2,2 3,L 3,1 4,4 4,r 5,6 6,3 7,4 7,9 4,5 5,0 5,1 s,7 13a,5 1a9,5 L57,a L47,9 72,2 79,5 81,5 74,O 42,5 41,7 52,! 5L,4 19,8 22,4 23,e 22,5 87,5 89,8 80,7 77,2 65,4 69,3 6]-,',t 59,1 t7,2 19,8 23,0 22,'. 1,3 1,3 L,4 1,5 4,9 s,6 6,6 6,3 55,3 s8,8 6L,2 s9,3 6,3 6,2 5,9 5,8 t2,4 L2,5 L3,4 L2,0 L,7 1,8 1,8 1,5 3,4 3,9 4,1 4,3 tber PnDgers Ll,t L5,L 9,9 8,0 20,6 18,8 L7,a 20,5 5,2 6,1 7,2 8,2 (r) trt?r-tu tr tll EI,l(n A-ll

62 TABLE 1.2. TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH THE REST OF THE wrld r), BY PRODUCT GROUP EI'ROPEAN I'TIIOII I'NITBD STATES I'APAII { { { 199s 1995 AI.I, PNODI'CTS -7,3 1,5 27,4 43,4 TRIDE BALAIICES (BIT ECI') -LLe,2 -L48, 6-143, 5-1s3, 4 LO2,7 LL,6 81,5 t8,6 PRIIIARY PRODVeTS -82,0-89,3-91,5-98,7-30,5-32,4-23,5-36,5-98,4-103, 5-1O5,2 -Lt2,2 IGRIC!'JIT'RNr PRODUCTS XIlrIN(, PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METAIJS FT'EI.S PETROI,EW/PETR. PR NON-TGRICI'IJT. N.tW UAT. -Ls,1-2L,L -L7,8 -L7,t -64,9-6s,9-69,9-79,t -4,5-6,7-9, 3-5,0-53,7-5!,L -5r,4-64,2-4L,5'39,0-40,7-49,6-1,1-2,2-3,8-2,3 13,{ 13,5 18,1 L7.4 -{5,5 -rt8,0-44,7-56,2 "3,7-5,4-5,6-5,3-42,2-43,O -4O,2-5L,r ,7-38,3-48,4 L,5 2,L 2,9 2,3-47,1-53,0-52,7-53,9-50, ,5-58,1-3,5-4,0-5,1-4,3-40,4-38,6-39,3-46,4-27,2-26,0-26,1-31,5-0,3-0,,[ -0,9-0,3 UNCUFAETI'RED PNODUCTS 74,5 89,7 r24,5 L49,5-90, 9-115, 6-1,-7,7 -LL4,5 200,L 203,7 LA6,L L51,5 UACEINARY OFFICE/TEIJECOM. BQUIP POI{ER/NON-EIJEqT. MACH EIJEqT. MACH. /APPARATU TRrNI'PORT E0nIPUBTT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS EE TCAIJS MEDICAI,/PHARM. PROD. PI,ASTICS OTEER UTNI'FACTT'NED PROD. TEXTILES AIID CLOTHING IRON AI.ID STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 20,L 2L,8-32,7-34,3 48,4 52,4 4,5 3,8 26,7 3{,1 t9,7 26,3 26,6 29,2 6,8 7,8 4,L 4,9 -L,2 1,7-20, ,7 4,5 5,2 4,6 5,7 34,1 45,1-26,6-26,r 56,8 63,9 4,O 7,3 44,9 46,9 31,5 34,7 30,3 35,8 8,6 9,L 4,8 6,2 Lt,9 t9,2-1< O -t< O 5,6 9,3 6,9 7,O 6,0 6,9 -L7,? -27,4-29,8-23,4-23,O -29,2-32,r -28,4 8,4 5,4 5,9 8,7-3,1-3,6-3,8-3,8 -I7,L -25,0-28,5-25,2-3A,6-44, ,9 13,2 L4,3 15,0 t2,9 L,4 r,2 0,7 0,2 4,9 5,4 5,8 6,2-69,2-77,5-7t,2-77,8-28,6-30,3-28,9-30,3-6,2-9,7-7,3-8,8 "ZtZ -rr5 -Ztb -Lt t -5,8-6,'t -6,4 -'7,2 108,8 116,8 111,9 93,9 58,1 50,3 52,7 39,9 35,2 39,7 42,3 39,5 L5,5 L7,0 76,9 L4,3 78,2 78,2 68,2 64,L 62,4 62,r 52,6 49,3 2,L 3,2 1,6 4,7-2,7-2,2-2,4-2,0 3,4 4,O 4,9 4,5 LO,9 5,5 L,3-5,L -7,8 -Lt,0-13,0-14,5 9,0 9,r 9,O 8.5 0,5 0,5,2-0,3-0,3 -, ,3 OTEER PRODI'EIS 0,2 1,0-5,6-7,5 3,3-0,5-2,2-2,1 1,0 L,a L,7 3,4 EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN t) AT,I, PRODUSTS L L41 L PRIXANY PNODI'SISI ? ACn'ICULTUn.IIJ PRODUCTS xnf,il PnDlters NON-FEP.ROUS METALS FT'ELS PETROI,EW/PETR. PR NOTT-AGRICI'IJT. RA.r XAT. 7L zl zz zl { L n L62 L L t L73 L1a { TIANSFACTORED PRODUCTS L24 L ?? 310 2?8 xtceiltary OFFICE/TELECOM, EQUIP POWER/NON-EI,ECT. MACH EIJEET. MACIT. /APPARATU TRII APONT EQTIIPXENT AI'TOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CEEI ICAIJS II{EDICAL/PHARJII. PROD. PLASTICS OIBER IIAIII'FAC'FOR@ PROD. TEXTIIJES AIiID CL THING IRON A}ID STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NOII-METAIJ. MIN. MANUF 118 LL1 L s sr L Lr7 L L L t L73 L77 i L44 L L LLz L 'tr L22 Ir2 113 g L L a )2 az ? 4t4 5L L22L t L L L 3{ L L LOz '7 93 rrbr PnDucfs L7L (') txnr-tu tl Et urrq A-t2

63 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH THE REST OF THE WORLD (*), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS 30,7 30,3 30,2 30,4 19,4 18,2 17,7 18,8 51,5 48,4 44,8 43,9 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 11,5 12,3 11,8 11,4 6,8 6,5 6,2 6,5 23,9 23,8 21,2 20,3 MINING PRODUCTS 18,4 17,1 17,2 18,2 12,1 11,1 10,8 11,8 26,9 23,7 22,6 22,9 NON-FERROUS METALS 2,1 2,4 3,0 2,3 1,5 1,7 1,9 1,7 2,8 2,8 3,2 2,6 FUELS 14,3 12,6 11, 9 13,7 9,8 8,7 8,2 9,4 20,5 17,5 16,0 17,4 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 11,4 1 9,6 10,8 8,8 7,6 7,3 8,4 14,0 12,0 10,8 11,9 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,7 0,9 1,2 0,8 0,5 0,5 0,7 0,5 0,8 0,8 1,0 0,7 MANUFACTURED. PRODUCTS 66,4 66,8 67,0 67,0 77,3 78,4 78,9 77,7 46,4 49,4 53,0 54,4 MACHINERY 23,4 24,3 23,9 23,9 26,9 28,5 30,3 29,3 12,5 14,2 17,7 19,6 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 13,1 13,6 12, 6 12,6 15,4 16,5 18,2 17,2 6,9 8,3 11,2 12,4 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 6,5 6,6 6,9 7,3 7,3 7, 8 7, 8 7, 7 3,6 3,5 3,8 4,2 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 3,7 4,1 4,4 4,1 4,2 4,2 4,3 4,4 2,1 2,3 2,7 3,0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 8,3 7,6 7,9 8,1 17,2 17,2 16,2 15,9 4,5 5,0 4,9 4,8 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 4,3 4,0 3,9 4,0 14, 9 14,9 14, 0 13,7 2,7 3,1 3,5 3,6 CHEMICALS 6,9 7,2 7,9 7,7 5,0 5,1 5,5 5,7 7,3 7,2 7,2 6,5 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,9 1,7 1,5 1,5 1,3 PLASTICS 1,2 1,2 1,5 1,3 0,8 0,9 1,0 0, 9 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 27,9 27,7 27,3 26,9 28,2 27,6 27,0 26,8 22,1 23,1 23,3 23,4 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 9,0 8,7 8,1 8,0 7,4 7,0 6,7 6,6 6,9 7,4 7,4 7,4 IRON AND STEEL 1,0 1,3 1,8 1,4 1, 8 2,2 2,0 2,0 1,7 1,5 1,7 1,3 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,8 0,8 1,0 0, 9 1,5 1,4 1,7 1,5 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,7 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 2,5 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 1,8 1,9 1,8 1,7 OTHER PRODUCTS 2,9 2,9 2,8 2,7 3,4 3,3 3,3 3,6 2,0 2,2 2,1 1,7 PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS (IN %) LIMARY PRODUCTS 13,6 13,2 12,7 12,4 17,4 17,0 18,1 H t 2,4 2,5 2,7 2,6 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 8,4 8,3 8,1 7,8 12,2 12,0 12,3 12,0 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 MINING PRODUCTS 4,8 4,5 4,1 4,2 4,2 3,8 4,3 4,1 1,4 1,4 1,6 1,5 NON-FERROUS METALS 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,0 1,0 1,3 1,1 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,9 FUELS 3,0 2,8 2,3 2,5 2,1 1,7 1,8 2,0 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,5 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 2,8 2,5 2,0 2,1 1,3 1,1 1,0 1,2 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,4 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,4 1,1 1/2 1, ,4 0,5 0,5 0,5 UJUFACTURED PRODUCTS 83,3 83,7 85,5 86,3 77,4 78,7 00 r* 00 cn 95,9 95,6 95,2 94,9 MACHINERY 28,4 28,7 29,5 30,4 32,0 33,7 43,6 44,9 46,5 45,7 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 6,4 7,0 7,3 7,5 14,1 15,4 16, 8 16, 8 23,4 23, 9 24,1 22, 9 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 16, 9 16,5 16, 5 17, 0 11, 6 11, 7 11, 6 11,8 13, 8 14,3 15,4 15, 9 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 4,7 4,8 4,9 5,0 4,6 4,9 4,9 5,0 6,4 6,7 7,0 7, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 14,2 14,0 15,4 15,1 18,0 17,3 15,0 15,5 28,4 27,0 23,8 23,9 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 8,5 9, 0 9,2 9,3 9,6 9,7 9,0 8,8 22,2 20,8 18,2 18,3 CHEMICALS 1 2, 6 1 2, 8 1 2, 8 12,9 9,9 1 0, 2 1 0, 6 1 0, 1 5,6 6, 0 6, 8 7,0 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 2,9 2,9 3,0 3,0 1,3 1,2 1,1 1,2 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,5 PLASTICS 2,1 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,5 2,6 2,5 1,6 1,7 1, 9 1,9 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 28,1 27,9 28,0 28,2 19/1 19,2 19,1 19,3 18,3 17,7 18,1 18,3 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 4,8 4,9 4,9 4,9 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,0 1,9 1,7 1,8 IRON AND STEEL 3,4 3,1 2,9 2,8 0,8 0,8 1,0 0,8 4,0 3,8 4,0 3,7 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 1,8 1,8 2,1 2,0 1,4 1,5 1,7 1,6 0,6 0,5 0,5 0,5 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 3,5 3,5 3,4 3,5 1,1 1,2 1,1 1,2 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,3 t 00 HER PRODUCTS 3,0 3,1 1/7 1/3 5,2 4,4 3,9 4,2 1/7 1/9 2, 1 2,5 LU LU LU (*) EXTRA-EU FOR THE UNION A-13

64 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH THE REST OF THE WORLD (*), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN [>L PRODUCTS 2,3 9,8 4,1 6,5 IMPORTS GROWTH RATES 20,8 12,5 1,7 (IN %) 9,3 14,5 12,4 11,3 7,0 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -4,2 8,7 3,6 7,1 13,5 5,7-0,9 15,8 10,1 5,6 3,0 4,8 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -1,8 17,1-0,3 2,6 17,4 8,0-3,7 14,2 19,2 12,0-0,7 2,0 MINING PRODUCTS -5,2 2,5 4,2 12,6 11,9 3,9-0,9 19,2 3,4-0,7 5,8 8,8 NON-FERROUS METALS -3,9 30, 6 27, 3-16,6 14, 9 28,6 14, 1-3,5 7,5 14, 0 26,2-12,2 FUELS -5,7-3,1-1/ 7 22, 9 11/9-0,2-4,6 25, 9 2,9-3,8 1/7 16,3 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR -6,0-3,9 0,2 20, 0 9,4-2,4-3,4 26, 9 1/4-3,5 18,4 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. -14,6 28,6 48,9-26,9 4,0 15,4 33,3-22,5 6,7 18,7 36,8-26,9 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 5,2 10,4 4,4 6,4 23,0 14,2 2,4 7,5 20,2 19,7 19,4 9,7 MACHINERY 7,8 14,2 2,6 6,4 25,8 19,3 8,1 5,7 24,2 27,2 39,1 18,7 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 10,4 13, 9-3,8 6,4 28,4 20, 9 11, 9 3,6 35,6 36,2 50, 0 18,4 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0,3 10, 6 9,9 11, 9 21, 5 19, 0 2,0 7,4 5,8 9,6 22, 5 18,4 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 13,5 22, 0 11,6-2,1 24,3 14, 0 4,5 11,3 22, 9 25, 6 27,8 18, 8 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT -2,5-0,3 8,6 9,8 21,9 12,3-4,2 7,5 12,0 24,7 7,8 4,8 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS -5,1 3,0 1/4 8,5 23,3 12,8-4,4 6,8 14,3 28,6 26,4 7/7 CHEMICALS 4,8 15,6 14,0 4,2 16,6 14,6 8,1 14,0 16,2 9,9-2,2 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 13,6 10,4 12,2 15,7 20, 0 11/1 7,5 30,2 21,4 2,9 8,6-7/ 9 PLASTICS -1,8 14,3 23,4-6,3 22, 9 20, 9 9,6 7, 0 7,7 14,3 6,2 5/9 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 5,7 9,0 2,6 5,3 22,1 10,3-0,4 8,2 21,7 17,4 12,4 7,5 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 7,8 6,5-3,5 5,4 19, 9 6,8-2,5 7,3 19,5 22, 0 9,9 7,4 IRON AND STEEL -12, 5 36,7 49,3-16,0 20, 8 39,8-10, 0 10,3 17,2 29,4-20/5 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER -5,0 15, 8 20, 5 20, 0 3,8 23, 5-4,0 33, 3 8,3 23,1 12,5 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 14,4 7,6 5,5 10,4 '25,6 13,6-1/ 7 12,2 12,1 16,2 9,3-2,1 GO H OTHER PRODUCTS 9,4 8,6 2,6 16,9 12,1 1,0 16,8 5,0 19,0 1-12,7 EXPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) [jl PRODUCTS 13,8 11,9 9,1 8,9 15,2 8,5 3,5 10,1 h* 00 7,9 1,8-4,4 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 13,3 8,4 5,0 6,2 6,5 5,6 10,4 4,7 19,0 10,7 8,4-5,6 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 10,4 10,2 7,2 4,7 1 6,2 6,0 8,2 17,6-5,0-5,3 MINING PRODUCTS 19,6 5,3-0,8 11,0 0,6 16,4 4,2 22,9 11,6 14,6-9,1 NON-FERROUS METALS 15,2 15,1 14, 8 8,6 2,6 12,5 26, 7-1,8 22,2 13,6 24, 0-6,5 FUELS 19,3 3,5-9,5 15,0-2,3-10, 7 6,7 20, 0 41, 7 11, 8 0, 0-21,1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 19,4 3,1-12, 0 13,7 8,5-9,8-2,2 31,1 50, 0 13,3-5,9-18, 8 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 5,0 9,5 26,1-10,3-6,7 21,4 35,3-21,7 18,2 15,4 13,3-5,9 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 14,1 12,3 11,5 9,9 15,8 10,3 2,6 10,9 17,6 7,6 1,4-4,8 MACHINERY 17,6 13,3 10,5 11,8 2 14,1 7,9 11,1 19,2 11,2 5,3-6,0 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 29, 0 23,8 13,6 11,7 21,2 18,4 12, 8 10, 0 18, 9 10,1 2,5-9/2 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 13, 9 9,2 9, 0 12,3 17, 6 9,1 2,8 12, 0 17,7 12,2 9,2-1/3 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 18,1 14,4 10,6 1 22,7 13,6 4,3 13,3 23,8 13,1 6,3-5,5 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 10,7 11,0 19,3 7,1 9,7 4,2-10,3 14,1 17,4 2,6-10,1-4,3 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 17,6 18, 0 11, 9 9,3 21, 8 9,7-3,8 8,0 13/4 1/3-11, 0-4,2 CHEMICALS 12,7 13,0 9,6 9,9 13,6 12,5 7,0 5,1 17,0 15,1 16,2-1,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 20,5 12,6 11,2 10,7 19, 0 4,0-3,8 16, 0 18,2 7,7 7,1 PLASTICS 11,5 16,5 12,4 7,1 15, 0 15,2 8,5 7, 0 20, 0 16, 7 17, 9-4,5 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 13,1 11,3 9,5 9,4 16,8 8,8 3,1 11,2 14,4 4,4 4,1-3,1 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 9,2 13,7 9/7 8,5 20,5 9/6 3,9 14, 0 6,8-1/6-4,8-1/7 IRON AND STEEL 23,1 2,5 1/2 6,6 3,3 6/5 33,3-6,8 20,4 0/8 7/2-10,4 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 10,7 15,7 27,1 0,8 14,3 12,5 17,5 6,8 5/9-16,7 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 16,2 12,1 5,4 11,8 21, 6 11/1 2, 0 11, 8 13,3 14,7 5,1 4,9 OTHER PRODUCTS 9,3 14,2-38,5-19,2 42,1-8,7-7,4 17,8 26,8 23,1 12,5 13,9 (*) EXTRA-EU FOR THE UNION A-14

65 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION(15), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IiL PRODUCTS IMPORTS (BN ECU) 93,3 104,1 104,6 116,1 28,1 32,7 37,4 38,9 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 10,8 12,5 11,0 12,3 4,6 5,1 5,3 5,3 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 5,5 6,0 5,8 6,6 3,7 4,1 4,3 4,4 MINING PRODUCTS 5,0 6,2 4,9 5,4 0,8 0,9 0,8 0,8 NON-FERROUS METALS 1/2 1,3 1/5 1,5 0,5 0,5 0/5 0,5 FUELS 3,5 4,5 3,1 3,6 0/1 0/1 0/1 0,1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 3,4 4,4 3/0 3/5 0,1 0,1 0/0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 78,0 86,8 88,8 98,1 22,7 26,6 31,3 33,0 MACHINERY 25,3 28,8 30,8 32,8 4,5 5,0 6,7 7,4 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 5,3 6,1 8,0 7,9 1,3 1,6 2,6 2,8 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 16,3 18,7 18,5 20,1 2,3 2,5 2/9 3,4 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 3,7 3,9 4,3 4,7 0,8 1,0 1,2 1/2 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 15,1 16,2 15,9 17,7 4,5 5,5 6,6 7,1 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 10,2 11/4 11, 9 13,2 3,8 4,6 5,7 6/5 CHEMICALS 11,4 12,2 13,1 15,7 5,9 6,5 7,2 6,9 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 2,3 2,4 2,7 3,7 2,0 2,2 2,3 2/1 PLASTICS 1,3 1,5 1,5 1,7 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,5 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 26,3 29,7 29,1 32,0 7,9 9,6 10,9 11,6 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 3,1 3,5 3,3 3,6 1,9 2,4 2,8 3,0 IRON AND STEEL 3,3 4,3 3,3 4,0 0,2 0/2 0,2 0,2 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 1,4 1,5 1,7 1,6 0,2 0/3 0,4 0,5 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 3,5 3,8 3,7 4,0 0, 9 1,1 1,1 1,1 OTHER PRODUCTS 4,5 4,8 4,8 5,7 0,8 0,9 0,8 0,6 LL PRODUCTS EXPORTS (BN ECU) 86,7 90,6 94,5 :100,4 51,4 51,6 53,9 49,6 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 12,3 13,1 15,0 14,8 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,5 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 7,9 8,5 8,8 9,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 MINING PRODUCTS 3,2 3,2 4,2 4,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,6 0,6 1,1 1,0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 FUELS 1, 9 1,6 1,9 2,1 0/1 0,1 0,1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,6 0,5 0,6 0,7 0, 0 0/0 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 1/2 1,4 2,0 1,6 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 67,9 72,5 75,2 80,1 5 50,1 52,5 48,0 MACHINERY 29,5 32,2 34,4 35,9 24,3 25,6 27,4 24,2 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 15,2 16,8 18,5 18, 8 15, 9 16/3 16,6 14,5 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 10,6 11,1 11,4 12,3 5,1 5/6 6,7 6,1 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 3,7 4,3 4,5 4/9 3,3 3/7 4,1 3,6 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 11,8 12,6 11,8 13,4 14,9 13,3 12,9 12,1 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 3,3 3,8 4,0 4/5 11,8 10,7 10,2 9,4 CHEMICALS 1 11,0 11,5 12,1 3,0 3,3 3,7 3,8 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,7 0,5 0/5 0,6 0,6 PLASTICS 2,0 2,2 2,4 2,3 0,6 0/7 0,8 0,7 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 16,6 16,7 17,5 18,7 7,9 8,0 8,4 8,0 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,6 0/7 0,6 0,6 0,5 IRON AND STEEL 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,4 0/3 0/3 0,4 0,4 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,7 0/8 1,0 1,0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0, 9 1,0 1,0 1,2 0/4 0/4 0,4 0,4 OTHER PRODUCTS 6,5 5,0 4,3 5,6 1,0 1,0 0,9 1/1 A-15

66 TABLE TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION(15), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. TRADE BALANCES (BN ECU) -6,6-13,5-10,1-15,7 23,3 18,9 16,5 10,7 1,5 0,6 4,0 2,5-4,2-4,6-4,8-4,8 2,4 2,5 3,0 2,5-3,6-4,0-4,2-4,3-1,8-3,0-0,7-1,3-0,6-0,7-0,6-0,6-0,6-0,7-0,4-0,5-0,4-0,4-0,4-0,4-1,6-2,9-1,2-1,5-0,1-2,8-3,9-2,4-2,8-0,1-0,1 0,9 1,1 1,7 1,3 0,1 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 10,1-14,3-13,6 127,3 23,5 21,2 15,0 CO rh MACHINERY 4,2 3,4 3,6 3,1 19,8 20,6 20,7 16,8 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 9,9 10,7 10,5 10, 9 14, 6 14,7 14, 0 11,7 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH -5,7-7,6-7,1-7, 8 2,8 3,1 3,8 2,7 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,4 0,2 0,2 2,5 2,7 2,9 2,4 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT -3,3-3,6-4,1-4,3 10,4 7,8 6,3 5,0 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS -6,9-7,6-7, 9-8,7 8,0 6,1 4,5 2,9 CHEMICALS -1,4-1/2-1,6-3,6-2,9-3,2-3,5-3,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. -0,1-0,2-0,5 -i, -1,5-1,7-1,7-1,5 PLASTICS 0,7 0,7 0,9 0,6 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,2 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. -9,7-13,0-11,6-13,3-1,6-2,5-3,6 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING -1,7-2,1-1,8-2,0-1,2-1,8-2,2-2,5 IRON AND STEEL -3,1-4,0-2,8-3,6 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER -0,7-0,7-0,7-0,6-0,1-0,2-0,3-0,4 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF -2,6-2,8-2,7-2,8-0,5-0,7-0,7-0,7 OTHER PRODUCTS 2,0 0,2-0,5-0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,5 EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN %) PRODUCTS IIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT \NUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF THER PRODUCTS A-16

67 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION(15), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS (IN %) LL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS 11,6 12,0 10,5 10,6 16,4 15,6 14,2 13,6 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 5,9 5,8 5,5 5,7 13,2 12,5 11,5 11,3 MINING PRODUCTS 5,4 6,0 4,7 4,7 2,8 2,8 2,1 2,1 NON-FERROUS METALS 1# 3 1,2 1,4 1,3 1,8 1,5 1,3 1,3 FUELS 3,8 4,3 3,0 3,1 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,3 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 3,6 4,2 2,9 3,0 0,4 0,3 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,3 0,5 0,3 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 83,6 83,4 84,9 84,5 80,8 81,3 83,7 84,8 MACHINERY 27,1 27,7 29,4 28,3 16,0 15,3 17,9 19,0 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 5,7 5,9 7,6 6,8 4,6 4,9 7, 0 7,2 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 17,5 18, 0 17, 7 17,3 8,2 7,6 7,8 8,7 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 4,0 3,7 4,1 4,0 2,8 3,1 3,2 3,1 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 16,2 15,6 15,2 15,2 16,0 16,8 17,6 18,3 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 10, 9 11, 0 H f 4 11,4 13,5 14,1 15,2 16, 7 CHEMICALS 12,2 11,7 12,5 13,5 21,0 19,9 19,3 17,7 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 2,5 2,3 2,6 3,2 7,1 6,7 6,1 5,4 PLASTICS 1# 4 If 4 1,4 1,5 1,4 1,2 1,1 1,3 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 28,2 28,5 27,8 27,6 28,1 29,4 29,1 29,8 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 3,3 3,4 3,2 3,1 6,8 7,3 7,5 7,7 IRON AND STEEL 3,5 4,1 3,2 3,4 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,5 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER If 5 1, 4 1,6 1,4 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,3 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 3,8 3,7 3,5 3,4 3,2 3,4 2,9 2,8 OTHER PRODUCTS 4,8 4,6 4,6 4,9 2,8 2,8 2,1 1,5 STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS (IN %) LL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS 14,2 14,5 15,9 14,7 0,8 1/0 0,9 1/0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 9,1 9,4 9,3 9,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 MINING PRODUCTS 3,7 3,5 4,4 4,1 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,7 0,7 1, 2 1,0 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 FUELS 2,2 1,8 2,0 2,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,7 0,6 0,6 0,7 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 1,4 1,5 2,1 1/6 0,2 0,4 0,4 0,4 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 78,3 8 79,6 79,8 97,3 97,1 97,4 96,8 MACHINERY 34,0 35,5 36,4 35,8 47,3 49,6 50,8 48,8 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 17,5 18,5 19, 6 18,7 30,9 31,6 30,8 29,2 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 12,2 12,3 12,1 12,3 9,9 10, 9 12,4 12,3 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 4,3 4,7 4,8 4,9 6,4 7,2 7,6 7,3 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 13,6 13,9 12,5 13,3 29,0 25,8 23,9 24,4 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 3,8 4,2 4,2 4,5 23, 0 20, 7 18, 9 19, 0 CHEMICALS 11,5 12,1 12,2 12,1 5,8 6,4 6,9 7,7 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 2,5 2,4 2,3 2,7 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,2 PLASTICS 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,3 1,2 1,4 1,5 1,4 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 19,1 18,4 18,5 18,6 15,4 15,5 15,6 16,1 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 1,6 If 5 If 6 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,1 1, IRON AND STEEL 0,2 0,3 Of 5 0,4 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,8 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,8 0, 9 If 1 1,0 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF If If 1 If 1 1,2 0,8 0, 8 0,7 0,8 OTHER PRODUCTS 7,5 5,5 4,6 5,6 1/9 1/9 1,7 2,2 A-17

68 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION(15), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS igrowth RATES (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS 15,8 11,6 0,5 11,0 8,1 16,4 14,4 4,0 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 12,5 15,7-12,0 11,8 9,5 10,9 3,9 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 7,8 9,1-3,3 13,8 12,1 10,8 4,9 2,3 MINING PRODUCTS 19,0 24,0-21,0 10,2 12,5-11,1 NON-FERROUS METALS 9,1 8,3 15,4 0, 0 25, 0 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 20,7 28,6-31,1 16,1 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 21,4 29,4-31,8 16,7-100, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 16,6 11,3 2,3 10,5 8,1 17,2 17,7 5,4 MACHINERY 16,1 13,8 6,9 6,5 15, ,0 10,4 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 20,5 15,1 31,1-1,2 85,7 23,1 62,5 7,7 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 14, 0 14,7-1,1 8,6-8,0 8,7 16, 0 17,2 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 19,4 5,4 10,3 9,3 14,3 25, 0 20, 0 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 12,7 7,3-1,9 11,3 22,2 2 7,6 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 14, 6 11, 8 4,4 10, 9 2,7 21,1 23, 9 14, 0 CHEMICALS 14,0 7,0 7,4 19,8 15,7 10,2 10,8-4,2 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 21,1 4,3 12,5 37, 0 17, 6 10, 0 4,5-8,7 PLASTICS 18,2 15,4 13,3 0, 0 25, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 20,6 12,9-2,0 1 5,3 21,5 13,5 6,4 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 10,7 12, 9-5, 7 9,1 26,3 16,7 7,1 IRON AND STEEL 43,5 30,3-23,3 21,2 0, 0 0, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 27, 3 7,1 13,3-5,9 50, 0 33,3 25, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 20, 7 8,6-2,6 8,1 22,2 OTHER PRODUCTS 12,5 6,7 18,8 12,5-11,1-25,0 EXPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) PRODUCTS in 4,5 4,3 6,2-0,6 0,4 in IIMARY PRODUCTS -6,8 <T» Ul rh in -1/3 25,0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 1/3 7,6 3,5 3,4-5 MINING PRODUCTS -17,9 31,3 10 NON-FERROUS METALS 83,3-9,1 FUELS -24, 0 18, 7 10,5 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR -14,3-16,7 20, 0 16,7 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 16,7 42,9 10 i t 00 in i i i t i t INUFACTURED PRODUCTS 2,7 6,8 3,7 6,5 O H t 00 ** 1 00 \ MACHINERY 9,3 9,2 6,8 4,4-1/2 5,3 7,0-11,7 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 11, 8 10,5 10,1 1,6-1,2 2,5 1,8-12,7 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 7,1 4,7 2,7 7,9-8,9 9,8 19,6-9,0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 8,8 16,2 4,7 8,9 10, 0 12,1 10, 8-12,2 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT -11/9 6,8-6,3 13,6 1/4-10,7-3,0-6,2 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS -2,9 15,2 5,3 12,5-2,5-9,3-4,7-7,8 CHEMICALS 3,1 1 4,5 5,2 7,1 12,1 2,7 H MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 15, 8 22,7 25, 0 0, 0 20, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 5,3 1 9,1-4,2 16,7 14,3-12, 5 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 3,8 0,6 4,8 6,9-6,0 1,3 5,0-4,8 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0, 0 7,1 6,7 0, 0-14,3-16,7 IRON AND STEEL -33,3 50, 0 66, 7 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0, 0 14,3 25, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 12,5 11,1 t CN 0, 0 0, 0 33,3 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 in HER PRODUCTS 75,7-23,1-14,0 30,2 25,0 rh 22,2 A-18

69 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH THE UNITED STATES, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS (BN ECU) lll PRODUCTS 94,1 103,0 103,6 112,5 47,6 53,2 58,0 62,8 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 13,6 14,4 16,2 15,9 19,3 19,9 20,7 21,0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 8,1 8,5 8,7 9,2 15,7 16,8 17,0 17,5 MINING PRODUCTS 4,1 4,4 5,3 5,0 2,8 2,5 2,7 2,8 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,7 0, 9 1/4 1/3 0,8 0,6 0,8 0,8 FUELS 2,3 2,2 2/4 2,4 1/2 1/0 1/ 1/3 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0, 8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0/5 0/4 0,3 0,6 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 1/3 1/5 2,1 1/7 0,7 0,7 1/0 0,7 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 78,8 86,8 82,5 9 27,6 32,2 36,3 40,6 MACHINERY 36,3 41,3 38,7 42,0 10,7 12,8 15,8 19,2 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 19,4 22, 6 19, 8 20,2 6/2 7,6 9,7 11/9 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 12,5 13,6 13, 6 16,1 3/0 3,3 3,8 4,6 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 4,4 5,1 5,3 5,7 1/4 1/9 2,3 2,7 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 12,1 12,8 11,0 11,1 3,9 5,1 4,8 4,7 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 2,5 3,3 2,9 3,4 1/4 2/1 2,9 2,7 CHEMICALS 10,3 11,5 12,3 14,1 5,1 5,3 5,6 5,5 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 2,2 2,4 2,5 3/4 0/8 0/8 0,8 0,8 PLASTICS 1/9 2,1 2,3 2/4 0/6 0/7 0,7 0,8 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 19,9 21,2 20,6 22,6 7,9 9/1 1 11,2 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 1/7 1/7 1/7 1/8 1/0 1/0 1/1 1/1 IRON AND STEEL 0,3 0,3 0,6 0,6 0,1 0/1 0,2 0,2 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0, 9 0, 9 1/0 1/1 0/6 0,6 0,7 0,7 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1/1 1/0 1/1 1/4 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 OTHER PRODUCTS 1/8 1/9 4,9 6,5 0,8 0., 1,1 1/3 EXPORTS (BN ECU) JjL PRODUCTS 90,2 102,2 103,3 114,3 90,8 99,8 93,3 89,0 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 10,5 12,0 10,1 11,2 0,9 0,9 0,9 0/9 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 5,1 5,6 5,2 5,8 0/3 0/3 0,3 0,3 MINING PRODUCTS 5,1 6,1 4,7 5,1 0/4 0,5 0,5 0,5 NON-FERROUS METALS 1/1 1/3 1/4 1/4 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 FUELS 3,8 4,6 3,1 3,5 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 3,8 4,6 3,1 3/5 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,1 0/1 0,1 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 79,0 89,4 90,6 99,1 88,1 96,7 9 85/5 MACHINERY 26,4 30,3 32,1 34,2 41,3 44,8 43,9 40,3 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 6,3 7/5 9,1 9/3 27,2 28, 9 27,8 24,8 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 16,4 18/8 18,5 20,1 9,3 10,6 10,7 10,5 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 3,7 4,1 4,5 4,8 4,8 5,3 5,4 5,1 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 16,4 18,3 18,7 20,3 31,0 34,9 29,5 28,3 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 9,7 11,6 12, 0 13,3 28,2 31,6 26,2 24,9 CHEMICALS 10,6 11/9 11,6 13,8 3,1 3,5 3,8 4/3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 2,1 2,4 2,7 3,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 PLASTICS 1/2 1/3 1/3 1/5 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 25,6 28,8 28,1 30,6 12,6 13,5 12,7 12,6 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 3/1 3,4 3,3 3/5 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,5 IRON AND STEEL 3,2 4,1 3,0 3/6 1/2 1/7 1/3 1,2 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 1/2 1/3 1/6 1/3 0/3 0/3 0/3. 0,2 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 3/6 3/9 3,6 4/1 0/7 0,8 0,8 0,9 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,7 0,7 2,4 3,1 1/9 2,2 2,4 2,6 A-19

70 TABLE TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH THE UNITED STATES, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES ALL PRODUCTS -3,9-0,8-0,3 1,8 TRADE BALANCES (BN ECU) 43,2 46,6 35,3 26,2 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -3,1-2,4-6,1-4,7 18,4-19,0-19,8-20,1 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -3,0-2,9-3,5-3,4 MINING PRODUCTS 1,0 1,7-0,6 0,1 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,4 0,4 0,1 FUELS 1,5 2,40,7 1,1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 3,0 3,8 2,3 2,7 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. -1,0-1,2-1,9-1,5 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 0,2 2,6 8,1 9,1 MACHINERY -9,9-11,0-6,6-7,8 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP -13,1-15,1-10,7-10,9 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 3,9 5,2 4,9 4,0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU -0,7-1,0-0,8-0,9 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 4,3 5,5 7,7 9,2 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 7,2 8,3 9,1 9,9 CHEMICALS 0,3 0,4-0,7-0,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. -0,1 0,2-0,2 PLASTICS -0,7-0,8-1,0-0,9 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 5,7 7,6 7,5 8,0 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 1,4 1,7 1,6 1,7 IRON AND STEEL 2,9 3,8 2,4 3,0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,3 0,4 0,6 0,2 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 2,5 2,9 2,5 2,7 15,4-16,5-16,7-17,2-2,4-2,0-2,2-2,3-0,5-0,3-0,5-0,5-1,1-0, 8-0,8-1,2-0,5-0,4-0,3-0,6-0,6-0,6-0,9-0,6 60,5 64,5 53,7 44,9 30,6 32,0 28,1 21,1 21, 0 21,3 18,1 12, 9 6,3 7,3 6,9 5,9 3,4 3,4 3,1 2,4 27,1 29,8 24,7 23,6 26, 8 29,5 23, 3 22,2-2,0-1,8-1,8-1,2-0,5-0,4-0,4-0,4 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,1 4,7 4,4 2,7 1,4-0,4-0,4-0,6-0,6 1,1 1,6 1,1 1,0-0,3-0,3-0,4-0,5 0,3 0,4 0,3 0,4 OTHER PRODUCTS -1,1-1,2-2,5-3,4 1,1 1,2 1/3 1/3 ALL PRODUCTS EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF OTHER PRODUCTS A-20

71 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH THE UNITED STATES, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS 14,5 14,0 15,6 14,1 40,5 37,4 35,7 33,4 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 8,6 8,3 8,4 8,2 33,0 31,6 29,3 27,9 MINING PRODUCTS 4,4 4,3 5,1 4,4 5,9 4,7 4,7 4,5 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,7 0,9 1,4 1,2 1,7 1,1 1,4 1,3 FUELS- 2,4 2,1 2,3 2,1 2,5 1,9 1, 7 2,1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0, 9 0,8 0,8 0,7 1,1 0,8 0,5 1,0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 1,4 1,5 2,0 1,5 1,5 1,3 1,7 1,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 83,7 84,3 79,6 8 58,0 60,5 62,6 64,6 MACHINERY 38,6 40,1 37,4 37,3 22,5 24,1 27,2 30,6 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 20,6 21, 9 19,1 18, 0 13, 0 14,3 16,7 18, 9 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 13,3 13,2 13,1 14,3 6,3 6,2 6,6 7,3 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 4,7 5, 0 5,1 5,1 2,9 3,6 4,0 4,3 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 12,9 12,4 10,6 9,9 8,2 9,6 8,3 7,5 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 2,7 3,2 2,8 3,0 2,9 3,9 5, 0 4,3 CHEMICALS 10,9 11,2 11,9 12,5 10,7 1 9,7 8,8 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 2,3 2,3 2,4 3,0 1,7 1,5 1,4 1,3 PLASTICS 2,0 2,0 2,2 2,1 1,3 1,3 1,2 1,3 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 21,1 20,6 19,9 20,1 16,6 17,1 17,2 17,8 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 1,8 1,7 1,6 1,6 2,1 1, 9 1, 9 1,8 IRON AND STEEL 0,3 0,3 0,6 0,5 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 1,0 0, 9 1, 0 1,0 1,3 1,1 1,2 1,1 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1,2 1,0 1,1 1,2 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,8 OTHER PRODUCTS 1,9 1,8 4,7 5,8 1,7 1,9 1,9 2,1 STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS (IN %) LL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS 11,6 11,7 9,8 9,8 1,0 0,9 1,0 1,0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 5,7 5,5 5,0 5,1 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 MINING PRODUCTS 5,7 6,0 4,5 4,5 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 NON-FERROUS METALS 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 FUELS 4,2 4,5 3,0 3,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 4,2 4,5 3,0 3,1 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 87,6 87,5 87,7 86,7 97,0 96,9 96,5 96,1 MACHINERY 29,3 29,6 31,1 29,9 45,5 44,9 47,1 45,3 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 7, 0 7,3 8,8 8,1 30, 0 29, 0 29,8 27, 9 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 18,2 18,4 17, 9 17,6 10,2 10,6 11,5 11, 8 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 4,1 4,0 4,4 4,2 5,3 5,3 5,8 5,7 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 18,2 17,9 18,1 17,8 34,1 35,0 31,6 31,8 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 10,8 11,4 11, 6 11,6 31,1 31,7 28,1 28, 0 CHEMICALS 11,8 11,6 11,2 12,1 3,4 3,5 4,1 4,8 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 2,3 2,3 2,6 2,8 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 PLASTICS 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 0,9 0,8 1, 0 1,0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 28,4 28,2 27,2 26,8 13,9 13,5 13,6 14,2 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 3,4 3,3 3,2 3,1 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,6 IRON AND STEEL 3,5 4,0 2,9 3,1 1,3 1,7 1,4 1,3 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 1,3 1,3 1,5 1,1 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 4,0 3,8 3,5 3,6 0,8 0,8 0, 9 1,0 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,8 0,7 2,3 2,7 2,1 2,2 2,6 2,9 A-21

72 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH THE UNITED STATES, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES ALL PRODUCTS IMPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) 2,5 9,5 0,6 8,6 17,2 11,8 9,0 8,3 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -6,2 5,9 12,5-1,9 14,2 3,1 4,0 1,4 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -1,2 4,9 2,4 5,7 MINING PRODUCTS -12,8 7,320,5-5,7 NON-FERROUS METALS -12,5 28,6 55,6-7,1 FUELS -20,7-4,3 9,1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. -18,8 15,4 4-19,0 16,3 3,7-11,1 9,1 25, 0 7,0-10,7-25, 0-16,7-2 1,2 2,9 8,0 3,7 33,3 3-25, ,9-3 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 4,6 10,2-5,0 9,1 21,1 16,7 12,7 11,8 MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1 13,8-6,3 8,5 18,9 19,6 23,4 21,5 12,1 16,5-12,4 2,0 19,2 22, 6 27, 6 22, 7 6,8 8, 8 18,4 20, 0 10, 0 15,2 21,1 10, 0 15, 9 3,9 7,5 16,7 35,7 21,1 17,4-6,2 5,8-14,1 0,9 25,8 30,8-5,9-2,1 4,2 32, 0-12,1 17,2 55,6 5 38,1-6,9 2,0 11,7 7,0 14,6 15,9 3,9 5,7-1,8 15,8 9,1 4,2 36, 0 14,3 10,5 9,5 4,3 0, 0 16,7 14,3 3,1 6,5-2,8 9,7 25,4 15,2 9,9 12,0 0, 0 0, 0 5,9 42, 9 10, 0 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0 11,1 10, 0 20, 0 16,7 10, 0-9,1 10, 0 27,3 33,3 25, 0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS - 1 5,6 157,9 32,7-11,1 25,0 1 18,2 EXPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS 15,1 13,3 1,1 10,6 2 2, 2 VO VO -6,5-4,6 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 14,1 14,3-15,8 10,9 28,6 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 6,2 9,8-7,1 11,5 MINING PRODUCTS 21,4 19,6-23,0 8,5 25,0 NON-FERROUS METALS 0, 0 18,2 7,7 50, 0 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 26, 7 21,1-32,6 12, 9 0, 0 100, 0-50, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 26, ,1-32,6-33,3 12, 9 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 15,3 13,2 1,3 9,4 22,2 9,8-6,9-5,0 MACHINERY 13,8 14,8 5,9 6,5 26,3 8,5-2,0-8,2 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 18, 9 19,0 21,3 2,2 25,3 6,2-3,8-10,8 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 10, 8 14,6-1,6 8,6 32, 9 14, 0 0,9-1,9 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 19,4 10,8 9,8 6,7 23,1 10,4 1,9-5,6 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 17,1 11,6 2,2 8,6 18,8 12,6-15,5-4,1 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 29,3 19,6 3,4 10, 8 18,5 12,1-17,1-5,0 CHEMICALS 11,6 12,3-2,5 19,0 24,0 12,9 8,6 13,2 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 23,5 14,3 12,5 18,5 50, 0 33,3 PLASTICS 2 8,3 0, 0 15,4 33,3 0, 0 12,5 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 18,0 12,5-2,4 8,9 16,7 7,1-5,9-0,8 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 14,8 9,7-2, 9 6,1-16,7 IRON AND STEEL 45,5 28,1-26,8 20, 0-20, 0 41,7-23,5-7,7 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 33,3 8,3 23,1-18,8 50, 0-33,3 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 20, 0 8,3-7,7 13,9 16,7 14,3 12,5 OTHER PRODUCTS 242,9 29,2 35,7 15,8 9,1 8,3 A-22

73 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH JAPAN, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN ALL PRODUCTS 57,0 57,9 54,3 52,5 IMPORTS (BN ECU) 94,3 103,0 97,2 92,9 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,9 1,0 1,0 0,9 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,4 0,3 0,3 MINING PRODUCTS 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 FUELS 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 56,3 57,1 53,3 51,3 91,8 100,4 94,8 90,3 MACHINERY 26,7 28,9 27,2 24, 6 42,3 46,8 46,5 42,9 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 17,3 18,2 15, 6 14, 0 27,6 30,4 29, 9 26, 8 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 5,6 6,1 6,7 6, 5 9,6 11, 0 11,2 11, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 3,8 4,6 4,9 4, 1 5,1 5,4 5,4 5,1 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 16,5 14,8 13,3 13, 7 31,2 34,7 30,1 28,5 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 13,1 11, 9 10, 6 10, 8 28,5 31,6 26, 7 24, 9 CHEMICALS 3,0 3,3 3,5 3, 5 3,2 3,7 4,1 4,5 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,5 0,5 0,6, 7 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 PLASTICS 0,7 0,7 0,8, 8 0,8 0, 9 0,9 0, 9 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 1 10,1 9,3 9,1 15,1 15,3 14,1 14,4 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,8 0,7 0,7, 6 0,7 0,7 0,5 0,5 IRON AND STEEL 0,3 0,3 0,3, 3 1,3 1,8 1,4 1,3 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,1 0,2 0,1, 1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,5 0,6 0,6, 5 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,2 0,2 0,5 0, 6 1,6 1,5 1,5 1,7 ALL PRODUCTS 24,4 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 3,5 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 2,9 MINING PRODUCTS 0,6 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,3 FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 20,6 MACHINERY 4,2 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 1,2 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 2,2 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0, 8 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 4,4 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 3,7 CHEMICALS 4,9 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 1,7 PLASTICS 0,4 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 7,1 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 1,7 IRON AND STEEL 0,2 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,2 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1,0 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,2 EXPORTS (BN ECU) 28,7 32,9 35,6 40,9 44,9 49,1 53,2 4,1 4,2 4,4 15,7 15,9 16,6 16,9 3,4 3,4 3,7 12,9 13,3 13,5 14,1 0,7 0,6 0,6 2,2 2,0 2,2 2,2 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 1,0 0,7 0,8 0, 9 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,6 0,6 0,8 0,6 24,3 27,8 3 24,5 28,2 31,6 35,3 4,8 6,5 7,1 8,7 10,4 12,7 14,9 1,6 2,4 2,8 5,4 6,5 8,0 9,7 2,3 2,8 3,1 2,3 2,6 3,2 3,5 0,9 1,3 1,2 1,0 1,2 1,5 1,7 5,6 6,3 7,1 4,3 5,6 5,7 5,9 4,8 5,5 6,5 1,6 2,4 3,1 3,0 5,5 5,5 5,5 4,3 4,5 4,7 4,6 1,9 1,7 1,6 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,6 8,5 9,6 10,3 7,2 7,7 8,5 9,9 2,2 2,6 2,8 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,0 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 1,1 1,1 1,1 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,2 0,9 0,6 0,8 0,9 1,0 0,9 A-23

74 TABLE TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH JAPAN, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN ALL PRODUCTS -32,6-29,2-21,4-16,9 TRADE BALANCES (BN ECU) -53,4-58,1-48,1-39,7 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 3,0 3,6 3,7 3,9 14,8 \ ** H 15,6 16, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF OTHER PRODUCTS 2,7 3,2 3,3 3,6 12,6 12,9 13,2 13, 0,4 0,5 0,4 0,4 1,7 1,5 1,7 1,' 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,- -0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1 0, 8 0,5 0,6 0,1 0, 0 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,! -0,1-0,1-0,1 0,5 0,5 0,7 0,! -35,7-32,8-25,5-21,3-67,3-72,2-63,2-55, l -22,5-24,1-20,7-17,5-33,6-36,4-33,8-28,1-16,1-16, 6-13,2-11,2-22,2-23, 9-21, 9-17,: -3,4-3,8-3,9-3,4-7, 3-8,4-8,0-7,! -3,0-3,7-3,6-2,9-4,1-4,2-3,9-3,- -12,1-9,2-7,0-6,6-26,9-29,1-24,4-22,1-9,4-7,1-5,1-4,3-26,9-29,2-23,6-21,! 1,9 2,2 2,0 2,0 1,1 0,8 0,6,: 1,2 1,4 1,1 0,9 0,4 0,3 0,3,: -0,3-0,3-0,4-0,4-0,3-0,3-0,3 -,: -2,9-1,6 0,3 1,2-7,9-7,6-5,6-4,! 0, 9 1,5 1,9 2,2 0,1 0,2 0,5 0,! -0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1-1,2-1,7-1,2 -i,: 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,! 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,6-0,4-0,4-0,4 -,< 0,4-0,8-0,6-0,5-0,1 ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF OTHER PRODUCTS EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN A-24

75 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH JAPAN, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS 0,9 0,9 0,9 H 1/0 1,0 1,0 1,0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,3 0,3 MINING PRODUCTS 0,4 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 FUELS 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 98,8 98,6 98,2 97,7 97,3 97,5 97,5 97,2 MACHINERY 46,8 49,9 50,1 46,9 44,9 45,4 47,8 46,2 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 30,4 31,4 28, 7 26,7 29, 3 29,5 30, 8 28,8 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 9,8 10,5 12,3 12,4 10,2 10,7 11,5 11, 8 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 6,7 7, 9 9,0 7,8 5,4 5,2 5,6 5,5 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 28,9 25,6 24,5 26,1 33,1 33,7 31,0 30,7 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 23, 0 20,6 19,5 20, 6 30,2 30,7 27, 5 26, 8 CHEMICALS 5,3 5,7 6,4 6,7 3,4 3,6 4,2 4,8 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,9 0,9 1,1 1,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 PLASTICS 1,2 1,2 1,5 1,5 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 17,5 17,4 17,1 17,3 16,0 14,9 14,5 15,5 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 1,4 1,2 1,3 1,1 0, 7 0,7 0,5 0,5 IRON AND STEEL 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,6 1,4 1,7 1,4 1,4 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,9 1, 1/1 1, 0 0,7 0, 8 0,8 1,0 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,4 0,3 0,9 1/1 1/7 1,5 1,5 1,8 STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS (IN %) lll PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS 14,3 14,3 12,8 12,4 38,4 35,4 33,8 31,8 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 11# 9 11,8 10,3 10,4 31,5 29,6 27,5 26,5 MINING PRODUCTS 2,5 2,4 1,8 1/7 5,4 4,5 4,5 4,1 NON-FERROUS METALS 1,2 1,4 1,2 1,1 1,5 1,3 1,4 1,3 FUELS 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 2,4 1,6 1,6 1,7 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 1,0 0,7 0,6 0, 9 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,3 1,5 1,3 1,6 1,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 84,4 84,7 84,5 84,3 59/9 62,8 64,4 66,4 MACHINERY 17,2 16,7 19,8 19,9 21,3 23,2 25,9 28,0 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 4,9 5,6 7,3 7, 9 13,2 14,5 16,3 18,2 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 9,0 8,0 8,5 8,7 5,6 5,8 6,5 6,6 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 3,3 3,1 4,0 3,4 2,4 2,7 3,1 3,2 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 18,0 19,5 19,1 19,9 10,5 12,5 11,6 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 15,2 16,7 16, 7 18,3 3,9 5,3 6,3 5,6 CHEMICALS 20,1 19,2 16,7 15,4 10,5 1 9,6 8,6 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 7,0 6,6 5,2 4,5 1,7 1,6 1,4 1,3 PLASTICS 1,6 1/4 1,2 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,2 1,1 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 29,1 29,6 29,2 28,9 17,6 17,1 17,3 18,6 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 7,0 7,7 7,9 7, 9 2,0 2,0 2,0 1,9 IRON AND STEEL 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,6 0,2 0,2 0,4 0,2 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,8 1, 1,2 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,3 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 4,1 3/8 3,3 3,1 0,7 0, 9 0,8 0, 9 H H OTHER PRODUCTS 0,8 0,7 2,7 1,7 2,0 2,0 2,0 1,7 A-25

76 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH JAPAN, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS ,4 1,6-6,2-3,3 IMPORTS 22,2 GROWTH 9,2 RATES -5,6 (IN %) -4,4 12,5 11, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT ,3-25,0 25,0 0, 0 0, 0 50, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0-50, 0 10 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS -1,4 1,4-6,7-3,8 22,2 9,4-5,6-4,7 MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF -1,8 8,2-5,9-9,6 25,9 10,6-0,6-7,7-1,1 5,2-14,3-10,3 24,3 10,1-1, 6-10,4-8,2 8,9 9,8-3,0 29,7 14,6 1,8-1,8 8,6 21,1 6,5-16,3 24,4 5,9-5,6 0,6-10,3-10,1 3,0 19,5 11,2-13,3-5,3-3,0-9,2-10, 9 1,9 19,2 10, 9-15,5-6,7 7,1 1 6,1 23,1 15,6 10,8 9,8 25,0 2 16,7 33,3 25, 0 0, 0 0, 0 14,3 0, 0 33,3 12,5 0, 0-7,4 1,0-7,9-2,2 18,0 1,3-7,8 2,1-12,5-14,3 16,7-28,6 0, 0-18,8 38,5-22,2-7, , 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 20, 0 0, 0-16,7 16,7 14,3 12,5 OTHER PRODUCTS ,1-6,3 13,3 ALL PRODUCTS 11,4 17,6 14,6 EXPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) 8,2 11,1 9,8 9,4 8,4 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 6,1 17,1 2,4 4,8 9,8 1,3 4,4 1,8 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 7,4 17,2 8,8 14,2 3,1 1,5 4,4 MINING PRODUCTS 16,7-14,3-4,3-9,1 1 NON-FERROUS METALS -25,0 33,3-25, 0 0, 0 16, 7 FUELS ,1-3 14, 3 12,5 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR -10 0, 0-25,0 66,7 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 33,3-25,0 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 12,0 18,0 14,4 7,9, 12,4 15,1 12,1 11,7 MACHINERY 16,7 14,3 35,4 9,2 13,0 19,5 22,1 17,3 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 71,4 33,3 50, 0 16,7 14, 9 20,4 23,1 21,2 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 4,5 21,7 10,7 9,5 13, 0 ' 23,1 9,4 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 14,3 12,5 44,4-7,7 11,1 20, 0 25, 0 13,3 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 22,2 27,3 12,5 12,7-2,3 30,2 1,8 3,5 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 23,3 29,7 14,6 18,2 33,3 50, 0 29,2-3,2 CHEMICALS 11,4 12,2 16,2 4,7 4,4-2,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 13,3 11, 8-10,5-5,9 16,7 PLASTICS 33,3 0, 0 20, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 6,0 19,7 12,9 7,3 2 6,9 10,4 16,5 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING -5,6 29,4 18,2 7,7 33,3 12,5 11,1 IRON AND STEEL 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 100, 0-50, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 5 33,3 25, 0 20, 0 16,7 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 11,1 1 33,3 25,0 OTHER PRODUCTS 35-33,3 12,5 11,1-1 A-26

77 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH CANADA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS (BN ECU) LL PRODUCTS 8,6 9,9 11,7 11,5 97,0 110,9 113,4 :125,8 6,9 7,5 8,2 8,0 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 4,0 4,9 5,7 4,7 26,8 29,6 29,7 34,1 5,8 6,3 6,7 6,4 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 1/5 1,9 1,9 1,7 10,4 11,2 12,4 3,7 4,0 3,9 4,0 MINING PRODUCTS 1,7 1,9 2,2 2,0 14,7 16,4 16,9 19,7 1,7 1,6 1,9 1,7 NON-FERROUS METALS 0, 6 0,7 0,8 0,5 3,2 4,0 4,7 4,7 0,3 0,3 0/5 0,4 FUELS 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 10,5 11,1 10, 9 13,7 1,0 0,9 0/9 1/ PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0, 0 0,1 0,1 6,1 5, 9 6,5 8,3 0/0 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,8 1,1 1,6 1,1 1,7 2,0 2,8 2,1 0,5 0,7 1,0 0,6 H MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 4,3 4,7 5,2 6,0 64,2 74,3 77,0 00 1,0 1,2 1,3 1,5 MACHINERY 1,7 1,9 2,2 2,6 10,5 13,2 14,5 15,9 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,6 0,8 1/1 1/3 4,5 5,4 6,2 6,7 0,1 0,1 0/1 0,1 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,1 4,4 6,0 6,4 7,0 0/1 0,1 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 1,6 1,8 1,9 2,2 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 0,8 0,9 0,8 1,0 31,9 36,1 34,8 37,7 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 29, 6 33,1 31, 8 34, 0 0,1 0,1 0/1 0,1 CHEMICALS 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,5 4,9 5,9 6,5 7,0 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0/0 PLASTICS 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 1,4 1,8 2,1 2,3 0, 0 0/ 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 1,4 1,4 1,6 2,0 17,0 19,2 21,2 23,4 0,4 0,5 0,7 0,8 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 1,1 1,4 1,5 1,9 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 0,1 0, 0 0,1 0,1 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,2 0, 0 0, 0 0/0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,7 5,5 5, 6 7, 0 6,8 0/2 0,2 0,2 0,2 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,8 0, 9 1,0 1,1 0/0 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,3 0,4 0,7 0,7 6,0 6,9 6,7 7,7 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 EXPORTS (BN ECU) LL PRODUCTS 9,4 10,4 10,3 10,7 85,6 96,0 96,3 104,4 5,4 5,0 4,4 4,0 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 1,6 1,6 1,4 1,5 9,9 10,8 11,1 11,5 0,1 0,1 0,1 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 6,1 6,3 6,1 6,6 MINING PRODUCTS 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,5 3,3 3,8 4,2 4,4 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 1/2 1,5 1,7 1,6 0/ 0 0, 0 FUELS 0,5 0,5 0,3 0,4 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,5 0, 0 0, 0 0/ 0 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,5 0,5 0,3 0,4 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,9 0/0 0/ 0 0/0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,5 0,6 0,8 0,6 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 7,6 8,7 8,7 8,7 71,9 81,7 81,9 88,7 5,3 4,8 4,3 3,9 MACHINERY 2,4 2,9 3,0 2,9 23,2 26,7 27,8 30,3 1,7 1,6 1,5 1,4 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,5 0,7 0,6 0,6 9,3 10,6 11, 9 13,0 1, 0/9 0,8 0,8 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 1,6 1,7 2,0 1,9 9,7 11,3 11,1 12,1 0,5 0/6 0,5 0,5 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,4 0,5 0,4 0,4 4,2 4,8 4,8 5/2 0,2 0/2 0,1 0,1 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 1,1 1,3 1,3 1,4 23,1 26,4 25,5 27,3 2,7 2,3 1,9 1,8 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,7 0,9 0,8 0,8 20,2 23,1 22,1 23/6 2,6 2/2 1/8 1,5 CHEMICALS 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 7,2 8,1 8,1 9,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,9 0/ 0 PLASTICS 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 2,2 2,6 2,6 3/0 0, 0 0/0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 2,9 3,1 3,0 3,0 18,3 20,5 20,5 22,0 0,8 0,9 0,8 0,6 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,4 0,5 0,4 0,4 1/8 2,0 2,0 2,3 0/ 0 IRON AND STEEL 0,5 0,7 0,5 0,5 1,3 1/5 1/6 1/7 0,1 0/1 0,1 0,1 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 1/5 1,7 1/9 2/1 0/0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,2 1/1 1,2 1,2 1,3 0,1 0/1 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,4 3,8 3,5 3,3 4,2 0,1 0,1 A-27

78 TABLE TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH CANADA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN ALL PRODUCTS 0,8 TRADE BALANCES (BN ECU) 0,5-1,4-0,8-11,4-14,9 17,1-21,4-1,5-2,5-3,8-4,0 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -2,4-3,3-4,3-3,2-16, H1 18,6-22,6-5,8-6,2-6,6-6,3 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -0,6 MINING PRODUCTS -1,0 NON-FERROUS METALS -0,5 FUELS 0,4 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,5 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. -0,8 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 3,3-1,0-1,0-0,8-4,3-4,9-1,3-1,7-1,5-11,4-12,6-0,6-0,7-0,4-2,0-2,5 0,3 0, 0 0, 0-9,4-10, 0 0,5 0,2 0,3-5,5-5,3-1,1-1,6-1,1-1,2-1,4 4,0 3,5 2,7 7,7 7,4-3,9-5,8-3,7-4,0-3,9-4,0 12,7-15,3-1,7-1,6-1,9-1,7-3,0-3,1-0,3-0,3-0,5-0,4-9,8-12,2-1,0-0,9-0,9-1,0-5,9-7,4 0, 0 0, 0-2,0-1,5-0,5-0,7-1,0-0,6 4,9 4,7 4,3 3,6 3,0 2,4 MACHINERY 0,7 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP -0,1 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0,7 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0, 2 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 0,3 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,5 CHEMICALS 0,8 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,2 PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 1,5 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,3 IRON AND STEEL 0,4 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER -0,2 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,2 1,0 0,8 0,3 12,7 13,5-0,1-0,5-0,7 4,8 5,2 0,8 1/ 0,8 5,3 5,3 0,3 0,2 0,2 2,6 3,0 0,4 0,5 0,4-8,8-9,7 0,7 0,6 0,6-9,4 H 0,8 0,7 0,9 2,3 2,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0, 6 0,5 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 8 0,8 1,7 1,4 1,0 1,3 1,3 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,7 0,6 0,7 0,4 0,4-0,7-0,6-0,2-0,3-0,5-4,0-3,9 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,3 13,3 14,4 1,5 1,4 1,3 1,1 5,7 6,3 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,7 4,7 5,1 0,5 0,6 0,4 0,4 2,9 3,0 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1-9,3-10,4 2,6 2,2 1,8 1,7-9,7-10,4 2,5 2,1 1,7 1,4 1,6 2,2-0,2-0,2-0,2-0,2 0,5 0,6 0,5 0,7-0,7-1,4 0,4 0,4 0,1-0,2 0,5 0,4-0,5-0,5 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1-5,1-4,7-0,2-0,2-0,2-0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 OTHER PRODUCTS -0,2-0,3-0,4-0,3-2,2-3,4-3,4-3,5-0,1-0,2 EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN %) PRODUCTS IIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT UJUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF rher PRODUCTS A-28

79 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH CANADA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN LiL p r d u c t s STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 46,5 49,5 48,7 40,9 27,6 26,7 26,2 27,1 84,1 84,0 81,7 8 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 17,4 19,2 16,2 14,8 10,7 10,1 8,8 9,9 53,6 53,3 47,6 5 MINING PRODUCTS 19,8 19,2 18,8 17,4 15,2 14,8 14,9 15,7 24,6 21,3 23,2 21,3 NON-FERROUS METALS 7, 0 7,1 6,8 4,3 3,3 3,6 4/1 3,7 4,3 4,0 6,1 5,0 FUELS 1/2 2,0 2,6 3,5 10, 8 10, 0 9/6 10, 9 14,5 12, 0 11, 0 12,5 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0, 0 0,9 0, 9 6,3 5,3 5,7 6,6 0, 0 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 9,3 11,1 13,7 9,6 1,8 1,8 2,5 1,7 7,2 9,3 12,2 7,5 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 5 47,5 44,4 52,2 66,2 67,0 67,9 66,8 14,5 16,0 15,9 18,8 MACHINERY 19,8 19,2 18,8 22,6 10,8 11,9 12,8 12,6 2,9 2,7 2,4 3,8 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 7/ 0 8,1 9,4 11, 3 4,6 4,9 5,5 5,3 1,4 1,3 1,2 1,3 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 10,5 9,1 8,5 9,6 4,5 5,4 5,6 5,6 1,2 1/3 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 2,3 2,0 1/7 1/7 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,7 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 9,3 9,1 6,8 8,7 32,9 32,6 30,7 3 1,4 1,3 1,2 1,3 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 2,3 2,0 1/7 1/7 30,5 29,8 28, 0 27, 0 1,4 1,3 1,2 1/3 CHEMICALS 4,7 5,1 5,1 4,3 5,1 5,3 5,7 5,6 4,3 4,0 3,7 3,8 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 1/2 1/ 0, 9 0/9 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,2 0, 0 PLASTICS 1/2 1/0 0,9 0,9 1,4 1,6 1,9 1,8 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 16,3 14,1 13,7 17,4 17,5 17,3 18,7 18,6 5,8 6,7 8,5 1 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 1/2 I, 0, 9 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,3 1,5 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 1/2 0, 9 0,9 2,1 1,9 1,9 1,7 0, 0 0, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 4,7 4,0 4,3 6,1 5,7 5/0 6,2 5,4 2,9 2,7 2,4 2,5 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1,2 1/0 0,9 0,9 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 3,5 4,0 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,2 5,9 6,1 1,4 1,3 2,4 1,3 CiL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 17,0 15,4 13,6 14,0 11,6 11,3 11,5 11,0 2,0 2,3 2,5 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 9,6 8,7 8,7 8,4 7,1 6,6 6,3 6,3 MINING PRODUCTS 7,4 5,8 4,9 4,7 3,9 4,0 4,4 4,2 NON-FERROUS METALS 1/1 1,0 1/0 0, 9 1,4 1/6 1,8 1,5 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 5/3 4,8 2,9 3,7 1,3 1/1 1,1 1,4 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 5/3 4,8 2,9 3,7 0,7 0,6 0,6 0,9 0, 0 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,6 0,6 0,8 0,6 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 80,9 83,7 84,5 81,3 84,0 85,1 85,0 85,0 98,1 96,0 97,7 97,5 MACHINERY 25,5 27,9 29,1 27,1 27,1 27,8 28,9 29,0 31,5 32,0 34,1 35,0 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 5/3 6,7 5,8 5,6 10, 9 11, 0 12,4 12,5 18,5 18, 0 18,2 20, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 17,0 16,3 19,4 17,8 11,3 11,8 11,5 11,6 9,3 12,0 11,4 12,5 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 4,3 4,8 3,9 3,7 4,9 5,0 5,0 5, 0 3,7 4,0 2,3 2,5 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 11,7 12,5 12,6 13,1 27,0 27,5 26,5 26,1 5 46,0 43,2 45,0 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 7,4 8,7 7,8 7,5 23, 6 24,1 22, 9 22,6 48,1 44, 0 40, 9 37,5 CHEMICALS 12,8 12,5 12,6 13,1 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,8 1,9 2,0 2,3 2,5 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 3,2 3,8 3,9 4,7 0,9 0,8 0,8 0,9 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 1/1 1/ 9 1/9 1/9 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,9 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 30,9 29,8 29,1 28,0 21,4 21,4 21,3 21,1 14,8 18,0 18,2 15,0 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 4/3 4,8 3/9 3,7 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,2 IRON AND STEEL 5/3 6,7 4/9 4/7 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,6 1,9 2,0 2,3 2,5 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 2/1 1/ 9 1/ 9 1/ 9 1/ 8 1/8 2,0 2,0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 3/2 2/9 1/9 1/9 1,3 1/3 1,2 1,2 1,9 2,0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 1,1 1,0 2,9 3,7 4,4 3,6 3,4 4,0 2,0 2,5 A-29

80 i Annex TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH CANADA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF IMPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) -8,5 15,1 18,2-1,7 24,4 14,3 2,3 10,9 16,9 8,7 9,3-2,4-16,7 22,5 16,3-17,5 21,8 10,4 0,3 14,8 16,0 8,6 6,3-4,5-6,3 26,7-10,5 36,8 7,7-10,7 24,0 32,1 8,1-2,5 2,6-22,7 11,8 15,8-9,1 15,7 11,6 3,0 16,6-5,9 18,7-10,5-14,3 16,7 14,3-37,5 10,3 25, 0 17,5 0, 0 66, 7-20, 0-50, 0 100, 0 50, 0 33,3 19,3 5,7-1, 8 25, 7 11,1-10, 0 0, 0 11,1 10 8, 9-3,3 10,2 27, ,5 45,5-31,3 17,6 4-25,0 25,0 4 42,9-4 2,4 9,3 10,6 15,4 25,4 15,7 3,6 9,1 25,0 2 8,3 15,4 11,8 15,8 18,2 19,3 25,7 9,8 9,7 5-14,3 33,3 37,5 18,2 9,8 20, 0 14, 8 8,1 12,5 11,1 1 29,4 36,4 6,7 9,4 0, 0 100, 0 23,1 12,5 5,6 15,8 33,3 12,5-11,1 25,0 28,1 13,2-3,6 8,3 29,8 11, 8-3,9 6,9 0, 0 25,0 2-16,7 22,5 20,4 10,2 7,7 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 100, 0 50, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 40, 0 28, 6 16, 7 9,5-6,7 14,3 25,0 26,9 12,9 10,4 10,4 33,3 25,0 4 14,3 0, 0 37,5 27,3 7,1 26, ,3 5,0 4,8-33,3 25, 0 40, 0 14, 6 1,8 25, 0-2,9 33,3 12,5 11,1 10, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS -25,0 33,3 75,0 25,0 15,0-2,9 14, EXPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS 2,2 10,6-1,0 3,9 23,2 12,1 0,3 8,4-1,8-7,4-12,0-9,1 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 6,7-12,5 7,1 16,5 9,1 2,8 3,6-10 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 19,6 3,3-3,2 8,2 MINING PRODUCTS 16,7-14,3-16,7 15,2 4,8 NON-FERROUS METALS 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 20, 0 25,0 13,3-5, 9 FUELS -40, 0 33,3 0, 0 0, 0 36,4 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 33,3 20, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 25,0 2 33,3-25,0 H in H in MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 14,5 24,0 13,6 0,2 8,3-1,9-9,4-10,4-9,3 MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF OTHER PRODUCTS 4,3 2 0, 8 3,4-3,3 22,1 15,1 4,1 VO 13,3-5,9-6,3-6,7 40, 0-14,3 17, 7 14, 0 12,3 9,2 11,1-10, 0-11,1 6,7 6,2 17, 6-5, 0 27, 6 16,5-1,8 9, 0 25, 0 20, 0-16, 7 33,3 25, 0-20, 0 20, 0 14, 3 8,3-50, 0 0, 0-35,3 18,2 0, 0 7,7 26,2 14,3-3,4 7,1-12,9-14,8-17,4-5,3 t t t 28,6-11,1 28,7 14,4-4,3 6,8-13,3-15,4-18,2-16,7 2 0, 0 8,3 0, 0 7,7 26,3 12,5 0, 0 13,6 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 33,3 0, 0 25, 0 33,3 12,5 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0 0, 0 22,2 18,2 15,4 16,0 6,9-3,2 0, 0 2 2, 0 1 2, 0 0, 0 7,3 14,3 12,5-1 1, 1-25,0 0, 0 25, 0-20, 0 0, 0 28, 6 11,1 15, 0 66,7 40, 0-28,6 3 15,4 6,7 6,2 0, 0 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0 15,4 13,3 11, 8 10,5-33,3 1 9,1 8,3-10 0, 0 0, , 0 33,3 26,7-7,9-5,7 27, , 0 A-30

81 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH EFTA (3), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS (BN ECU) ALL PRODUCTS 59,7 64,0 CTl VO 00 74,5 7,2 7,9 00 9,7 3,2 3,5 4,0 3,8 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 18,9 t t 21,4 24,8 1/5 1/8 2,1 2,7 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 3,8 MINING PRODUCTS 14,8 NON-FERROUS METALS 2,0 FUELS 11,7 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 9,3 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,3 4,2 4,0 4,1 0,4 0,4 15,7 16,9 20,4 1,1 1,4 2,5 3,2 2,9 0,2 0,2 12,4 12, 8 16, 7 0,9 1/1 9,8 11, 5 14,3 0, 9 1,1 0,3 0,5 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,6 1,7 2,2 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 1,4 1, 9 0, 0 1,3 1,8 0, 0 0, 0 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 37,4 40,1 42,3 45,2 5,3 5,6 VO 6,5 2,2 2,5 2,8 2,9 MACHINERY 9,8 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 1,1 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 6,3 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 2,5 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 1,6 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,6 CHEMICALS 9,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 3,1 PLASTICS 1,4 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 16,7 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 1,8 IRON AND STEEL 1,1 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 1,4 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 3,3 10,8 12,3 i-* t ** 1,5 1,8 1,2 1/4 1,4 0,1 0,2 6/9 7, 9 8,1 1,2 1,3 2,7 3,0 2,9 0,3 0,3 1,5 1,9 2,0 0,1 0,1 0,7 0,8 0, 8 0,1 0,1 10,4 11,6 12,1 1,4 1,5 3,4 3,9 4,2 0,5 0,5 1/6 1/7 1,7 0,1 0,1 17,5 16,4 18,6 2,2 2,2 1/9 1/ 9 1,8 0,1 0,1 1,2 1/5 1,4 0,1 0,1 1/6 1,9 1, 9 0,1 0,1 3,2 0, 9 3,5 0,2 0,2 1/9 2,0 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,2 0,2 0, 0 0,1 1,4 1,5 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 1,7 1/8 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 0,6 0,6 0/3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0, 0 2,4 2,5 1/0 1/1 1,3 1,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0, 0 0/1 0,1 0,2 0, 0 0/0 0,3 0,2 0, 0 0/0 OTHER PRODUCTS 3,4 3,7 6,2 4,3 0,5 0,5 tn 0,6 0,4 0,3 0,5 0,2 EXPORTS (BN ECU) ALL PRODUCTS 56,9 63,1 69,6 72,3 7,0 5,9 5,9 00 3,2 3,1 2, 5 2,5 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 8,3 9,2 9,3 9,7 0,4 0,4 0/4 0,5 0, 0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 4,0 4,5 4,6 4,6 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0, 0 MINING PRODUCTS 4,0 4,4 4,4 4,8 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0, 0 NON-FERROUS METALS 1, 1,1 1,2 1,3 0,1 0, 0 0,1 0,2 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 2/6 2,9 2,7 3,1 0, 0 0, 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 1,5 1,6 1,5 1,6 0, 0 0, 0, 0 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,2 0,2 0,4 0,3, 0 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 47,3 52,5 58,2 59,1 3,9 4,2 3,8 5,4 3,1 2,8 2, 4 2,3 MACHINERY 11,9 13,6 15,4 15,7 1/3 1,4 1,4 1,6 0,6 0,5 0, 6 0,5 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 3,1 4,1 4,2 4,3 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,3 0,3, 3 0,2 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 6,3 6,7 8,0 8,3 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,2 0,1, 2 0,2 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 2,5 2,8 3,2 3,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0/ 1 0,1 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 6,4 7,0 8,3 8,8 0,5 0,6 0,4 1/5 1,7 1,5 1, 0 1,1 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 4,2 5, 0 5,7 6,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0, 8 0, 9, 8 0,7 CHEMICALS 7,9 8,6 9,3 9,5 0,6 0,7 0,6 0,6 0,3 0,3 0, 3 0,2 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 2,1 2,1 2,5 2,6 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,2, 0 PLASTICS 1,5 1,7 2,0 1, 9 0, 0 0,1 0, 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 21,0 23,4 25,1 25,0 1,6 1,5 1,4 1/7 0,6 0,5 0, 5 0,5 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 4,0 4,1 4,1 4,1 0, 0 0/0 0,1, 0 IRON AND STEEL 1,8 2,1 2,4 2,2 0,2 0,2, 1 0,2 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 1,5 1,7 2,0 2, 0 0/0 0, 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1,5 1,9 2,0 2,4 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0, 0, 0 0,1 OTHER PRODUCTS 1,4 1,4 2,0 2,4 2,7 1/3 1,7 2,1 0,1 0,2 0, 1 0,2 (6) A-31

82 TABLE TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH EFTA (3), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN 1993 ALL PRODUCTS -2, TRADE B ALANCI ; (BN ECU) -0,9-0,2-2,2-0,2-2,0-2,8-1,7-0,4-1,5-1,3 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -10,6 11,0-12,1-15,1-1,1-1,4-1,7-2,2-0,6-0,7-0,7-0,8 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 0,2 MINING PRODUCTS -10,8 NON-FERROUS METALS -1,0 FUELS -9,1 PETROLEUM/PETR.PR -7,8 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. -0,1 0,3 0,6 0,5-0,2-0,1 11,3-12,5-15,6-1,0-1,3-1,4-2,0-1/6-0,1-0/2-9,5-10,1-13,6-0,9-1/1-8,2-10, 0-12,7-0,9-1/1-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,5-0,6-0,6-0,6-1,6-2,0-0,1-0,2-0,1-0,1-0,2-0/1-0/1-0,1-0,1-0,1-1,4-1/9 0/0 0/ 0-1/3-1/8 0/ 0 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 9,9 12,4 15,9 13,9-1,4-1,4-2,2-1,1 0,9 0,3-0,4-0,6 MACHINERY 2,1 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 2,0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 4,8 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 3,6 CHEMICALS -1,4 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. -1,0 PLASTICS 0,1 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 4,3 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 2,2 IRON AND STEEL 0,7 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,1 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF -1,8 2,8 3,1 3,3-0,2-0,4 2,9 2,8 2,9 0,5 0,4-0,2 0,1 0,2-0,7-0,7 0,1 0,2 0,2-0,1-0,1 5,5 6,4 6,8 0,4 0,5 4,3 4,9 5,3 0,1-1,8-2,3-2,6-0,8-0,8-1,3-1,4-1/6-0,3-0,2 0,1 0,3 0,2-0,1-0,1 5,9 8,7 6,4-0,6-0,7 2,2 2,2 2,3-0,1-0,1 0, 9 0, 9 0,8-0,1-0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1-0/1-0/1-1/3 1/1-1/1 0/ 0-0,5-0,4 0,2 0,1 0,1-0,1 0,5 0,5 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1-0, 8-0, 8-0,1-0,2-0,1-0,2-0/1-0,1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0,3 1,3 1,7 1,5 1,0 1,1 0/1 0,1 0, 8 0, 9 0,8 0,7-1,1-1,2-0,6-0,7-0,7-0,9-0/4-0/4-0,3-0,3-0,3-0,3-0,1 0/0 0, 0 0, 0-1,0-0,8-0,4-0,6-0,8-0,8-0,1 0/ 0-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,2, 1 0,2 0/1, 1-0,1-0/2 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0-0,1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0,1 OTHER PRODUCTS -2,0-2,3-4,2-1,9 2,2 0,8 1,2 1,5-0,3-0,1-0,4 PRODUCTS IIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN %) UJUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF CHER PRODUCTS A-32

83 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH EFTA (3), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES ALL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OP IMPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 31,7 31,6 30,7 33,3 20,8 22,8 24,1 27,8 18,8 2 17,5 21,1 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 6,4 6,6 5,7 5,5 5,6 5,1 4,64,1 15,6 17,1 15,0 15,8 MINING PRODUCTS 24,8 24,5 24,2 27,4 15,3 17,7 19,5 22,7 3,1 5,7 2,5 2,6 NON-FERROUS METALS 3,4 3,9 4,6 3,9 2,8 2,5 3,4 3,1 3,1 2,9 2,5 2,6 FUELS 19,6 19,4 18,3 22,4 12,5 13,9 16,1 19,6 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 15,6 15,3 16,5 19,2 12,5 13,9 14, 9 18,6 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,5 0,5 0,7 0,4 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 62,6 62,7 60,6 60,7 73,6 70,9 69,0 67,0 68,8 71,4 7 76,3 MACHINERY 16,4 16,9 17,6 16,6 20,8 22,8 21,8 20,6 12,5 11,4 12,5 15,8 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 1,8 1,9 2,0 1,9 1,4 2,5 2,3 2,1 2,6 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 10,6 10,8 11,3 10,9 16,7 16,5 16,1 15,5 9,4 8,6 7,5 10,5 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 4,2 4,2 4,3 3,9 4,2 3,8 3,4 3,1 3,1 2,9 2,5 2,6 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 2,7 2,3 2,7 2,7 1,4 1,3 1,1 2,1 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,4 1,3 1,1 1,0 CHEMICALS 15,6 16,3 16,6 16,2 19,4 19,0 19,5 18,6 28,1 28,6 25,0 28,9 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 5,2 5,3 5,6 5,6 6,9 6,3 6,9 6,2 9,4 8,6 7,5 7,9 PLASTICS 2,3 2,5 2,4 2,3 1,4 1,3 1,1 1,0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 28,0 27,3 23,5 25,0 30,6 27,8 27,6 25,8 31,3 31,4 32,5 34,2 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 3,0 3,0 2,7 2,4 1,4 1,3 1,1 1,0 3,1 2,9 2,5 2,6 IRON AND STEEL 1,8 1,9 2,1 1,9 1,4 1,3 1,1 2,1 3,1 2,6 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 2,3 2,5 2,7 2,6 1,4 1,3 1,1 2,1 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 5,5 5,0 1,3 4,7 2,8 2,5 3,4 2,1 OTHER PRODUCTS 5,7 5,8 8,9 5,8 6,9 6,3 5,7 6,2 12,5 8,6 12,5 5,3 ALL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 14,6 14,6 13,4 13,4 5,7 6,8 6,8 6,3 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 7,0 7,1 6,6 6,4 2,9 5,1 5,1 3,8 MINING PRODUCTS 7,0 7,0 6,3 6,6 1,4 1,7 1,7 2,5 NON-FERROUS METALS 1,8 1/7 1/7 1/8 1/4 0, 0 1/7 2,5 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 4,6 4,6 3/9 4,3 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 2,6 2,5 2,2 2,2 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,4 0,3 0,6 0,4 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 83,1 83,2 83,6 81,7 55,7 71,2 64,4 67,5 96,9 90,3 96,0 92,0 MACHINERY 20,9 21,6 22,1 21,7 18,6 23,7 23,7 2 18,8 16,1 24,0 2 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 5,4 6,5 6,0 5,9 8,6 10,2 11/ 9 8,8 9,4 9,7 12, 0 8,0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 11,1 10,6 11,5 11/5 7,1 10,2 10,2 8,8 6,3 3,2 8,0 8,0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 4,4 4,4 4,6 4,3 2,9 3,4 3,4 2,5 3,1 3,2 4,0 4,0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 11,2 11,1 11,9 12,2 7,1 10,2 6,8 18,8 53,1 48,4 4 44,0 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 7,4 7, 9 8,2 8,4 1/4 3,4 3,4 2,5 25, 0 29, 0 32,0 28,0 CHEMICALS 13,9 13,6 13,4 13,1 8,6 11,9 10,2 7,5 9,4 9,7 12,0 8,0 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 3,7 3,3 3,6 3,6 2/9 5,1 3,4 2,5 0, 0 PLASTICS 2,6 2,7 2,9 2,6 0, 0 0, 0 1/3 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 36,9 37,1 36,1 34,6 22,9 25,4 23,7 21,3 18,8 16,1 2 2 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 7, 0 6,5 5,9 5,7 0, 0 1/3 0, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 6,3 6,5 4,0 8,0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 2,6 2,7 2,9 2,8 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 2,6 3,0 2,9 3,3 2,9 3,4 3,4 2,5 0, 0 4,0 OTHER PRODUCTS 2,5 2,2 2,9 3,3 38,6 22,0 28,8 26,3 3,1 6,5 4,0 8,0

84 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH EFTA (3), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN ALL PRODUCTS 1,4 IMPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) 7,2 9,1 6,7 16,1 9,7 H H 11,5 3,2 9,4 14, PRIMARY PRODUCTS 0,5 6,9 5,9 15,9 15,4 2 16,7 28,6 2 16,7 14,3 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -5,0 MINING PRODUCTS 2,1 NON-FERROUS METALS -13,0 FUELS 1,7 PETROLEUM/PETR.PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. -4,8 2,5 6,1 7,6 20,7 1 27,3 25, 0-9,4 6, 0 3,2 30,5 12,5 22,2 5,4 17,3 24,3 12,5 22,2 66,7-4 in rh t 00 CO CO CO 25,0 2 21,4 29, , 0 27, 3 18,2 35, 7 38,5 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 0,8 7,2 5,5 6,9 20,5 5,7 7,1 8,3 4,8 13,6 12,0 3,6 MACHINERY -5,8 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH -8,7 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 4,2 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT -11,1 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS -14,3 CHEMICALS 4,5 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 6,9 PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 4,4 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING -5,3 IRON AND STEEL -8,3 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 17,9 OJ H 13,9 0,8 15,4 2 9,1 16, 7 0, 0 0, 0 100, 0 9,5 14,5 2,5 20, 0 8,3 8,0 11,1-3,3 50, 0-6,3 26,7 5,3 16,7 14,3 4,3 7,7 7,1 9,7 14, 7 7,7 00 H 14,3 4,8 in H 6,2-6,3 0, 0 13,4 t lo 5,6 0, 0-5,3 0, 0 0, 0 9,1 25, 0-6,7 0, 0 14,3 18, 7-3,0-71, 9 288, 9 0, 0 5,6 5,3 25,0 2 7,7 7,1-25, 0 0, 0 0, 0 33,3 0, 0 0, ,3 5,9 12,5 11/1 20, 0 0, 0 H 9,1 4,2 11,1 1 18,2 100, 0 100, 0 100, 0 50, 0-33,3 OTHER PRODUCTS 13,3 8,8 67,6-30, ,0 66,7-6 EXPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS 2,0 10,9 10,3 3,9 52,2-15,7 35,6-3,0-3,1-19,4 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 3,8 10,8 1/1 4,3 33,3 25,0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 2,6 12,5 2,2 5 MINING PRODUCTS 2,6 1 9,1 10 NON-FERROUS METALS 11,1 10, 0 9,1 8, , 0 FUELS 11,5-6,9 14, 8 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR -11,8 6,7-6,3 6,7 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT ,0 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 1/7 11,0 10,9 1/5 5,4 7,7-9,5 42,1-3,1-9,7-14,3-4,2 MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF OTHER PRODUCTS 2,6 14,3 13,2 1,9 8,3 7,7 14,3-16,7 2-16,7 10, 7 32,3 2,4 2,4 0, 0 16, 7 0, 0-25, 0-33,3 6,3 19,4 3,8 0, 0 20, 0 16,7-50, 0 100, 0 0, 0 12, 0 14, 3-3,1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 3,2 9,4 18,6 6,0-28,6 2-33,3 275,0-5,6-11,8-33,3 1-2,3 19, 0 14, 0 7, , 0-27,3 12, 5-11,1-12, 5 8,2 8,9 8,1 2,2 5 16,7-14,3 5-33,3 31,3 0, 0 19, 0 4,0 100, ,3 0, 0-6,3 13,3 17,6-5,0-1/9 11,4 7,3-0,4 23,1-6,3-6,7 21,4 2-16,7-2,4 2,5-14,3 16,7 14,3-8,3 100, 0 0, 0-50, 0 100, 0-6,3 13,3 17, 6 0, 0 26,7 5, , 0 7,7 42, ,9 30,8 23,

85 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH THE CENTRAL/EAST. EUROPE (10), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN til PRODUCTS 28,3 36,4 44,4 47,1 IMPORTS (BN ECU) 1,6 2,1 2,1 2,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 7,6 9,3 9,8 9,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 3,4 4,1 4,2 4,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 MINING PRODUCTS 4,1 4,9 5,2 4,7 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2 NON-FERROUS METALS 1/0 1/6 2/0 1/5 0/1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 FUELS 2/4 2/6 2/3 2,4 0/ 0 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 1/3 1/4 1/ 1/2 0/ 0 0,1 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 20,4 26,7 34,0 37,2 1,3 1,8 1,8 1,9 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 MACHINERY 3,3 4,7 6,5 8,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,6 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0/4 0,7 1/1 1/5 0,2 0, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 1/5 2/1 2/9 3/5 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 1/3 2/0 2/5 3,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 2,1 2,6 4,0 5,0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 1,4 1/9 3,2 4,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 CHEMICALS 1#8 2,4 3,1 3,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,1 0'1 0,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0, 0 PLASTICS 0/5 0/6 0/8 0,8 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 13,2 17,0 20,4 21,0 0,7 1,1 1,0 1,0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 5/0 6/1 6/6 7/0 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 1/1 2,0 2/9 2/2 0,1 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,1 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0/3 0/5 0/7 0,6 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1/ 1/2 1/4 1/5 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,3 0,4 0,6 0,5 ALL PRODUCTS 35,1 42,8 53,2 63,5 EXPORTS (BN ECU) 2,0 1,7 1,7 2,1 0,6 0,5 0,6 0,7 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 5,4 6,1 6,9 7,7 0,5 0,3 0,4 0,5 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 3,7 4,1 4,5 4,9 0,4 0,2 0,3 0,4 MINING PRODUCTS 1,5 1,7 1,9 2,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,4 0,5 0/7 0/7 0, 0 FUELS 1,0 1,0 1, 1,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,9 1,0 0,9 1,3 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,4 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 29,2 36,3 45,2 54,4 1,4 1,2 1,2 1,4 0,6 0,5 0,6 0,7 MACHINERY 9,5 11,7 14,3 17,8 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 2,1 2,6 3,0 4/0 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 5,5 6,4 7,6 9/4 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,1 0, 0 0,1 0,1 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 1/9 2,7 3,6 4,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 O/i TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 4,0 4,8 6,4 8,1 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,3 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 3,5 4,0 5,4 6, 9 0,1 0,1 0,1 0/1 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,3 CHEMICALS 4,2 5,3 6,5 7,6 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0, 8 1/ 1/2 1/4 0/0 0, 0 PLASTICS 1/0 1/3 1/7 2/1 0, 0 0/0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 11,5 14,5 17,9 20,7 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 3,7 4,5 5,3 6,0 0, 0 0/1 IRON AND STEEL 0,8 1,0 1/5 1/6 0, 0 0/0 0, 0 0, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,9 1/2 1/6 1, 9 0/ 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,6 0/8 1/ 1/3 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,4 0,4 0,9 0,8 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 A-3 5

86 TABLE TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH THE CENTRAL/EAST. EUROPE (10), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN TRADE BALANCES (BN ECU) ALL PRODUCTS 6,8 6,4 8,8 16,4 0,4-0,4-0,4-0,2 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,3 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -2,2-3,2-2,9-1,5 0,2 0,1 0,2-0,2-0,2-0,2-0,2 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 0,3 0,3 0,6 0,2 0,1 0,2-0,2-0,1-0,1-0,1 MINING PRODUCTS -2,6-3,2-3,3-2,3-0,1-0,1 NON-FERROUS METALS -0,6-1,1-1,3-0,8-0,1-0,1-0,1 FUELS -1,4-1,6-1,3-1,0 0,1 0,1 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR -0,4-0,4-0,1 0,1-0,1 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,1 0,2 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 8,8 9,6 11,2 17,2 0,1-0,6-0,6-0,5 0,4 0,3 0,4 0,4 MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 6,2 7,0 7,8 9,6 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 1/7 1/9 1,9 2,5 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 4,0 4,3 4,7 5,9 0,1-0,1-0,1 0, 0 0,1 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0,6 0,7 1/1 1/3 0, 0-0,1 1,9 2,2 2,4 3,1 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,3 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,8 0, 0 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,3 2,4 2,9 3,4 4,6-0,1-0,2-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,3 0, 0 0,5 0,7 0,9 1/3 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0-1,7-2,5-2,5-0,3-0,5-0,9-0,7-0,7-0,1-1,3-1/6-1,3-1,0-0,3-0,3-0,3-0,2-0,3-1/0-1/4-0,6-0,1-0,3-0,2-0,2-0,1 0, 0 0,6 0,7 0, 9 1,3 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0-0,4-0,4-0,4-0,2-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,1 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF OTHER PRODUCTS A-36

87 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH THE CENTRAL/EAST. EUROPE (10), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN ONION UNITED STATES JAPAN [il PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 26,9 25,5 22,1 19,5 18,8 14,3 14,3 13, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 12,0 11,3 9,5 9,1 12,5 9,5 9,5 8,7 5 25,0 25,0 25,0 MINING PRODUCTS 14,5 13,5 11,7 1 6,3 9,5 4,8 8,7 NON-FERROUS METALS 3,5 4,4 4,5 3,2 6,3 4,8 4,8 FUELS 8,5 7,1 5,2 5,1 0, 0 4,8 4,3 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 4,6 3,8 2,3 2,5 0, 0 4,3 0, 0 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,7 0,5 0,7 0,6 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 72,1 73,4 76,6 79,0 81,3 85,7 85,7 82, ,0 MACHINERY 11,7 12,9 14,6 17,4 18,8 19,0 19,0 26,1 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 1/4 1, 9 2,5 3,2 0, 0 8,7 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 5,3 5,8 6,5 7,4 12,5 14,3 14, 3 13, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 4,6 5,5 5,6 6,6 6,3 4,8 4,8 8,7 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 7,4 7,1 9,0 10,6 6,3 4,8 4,8 4,3 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 4,9 5,2 7,2 8,7 6,3 4,8 4,8 4,3 CHEMICALS 6,4 6,6 7,0 6,4 6,3 9,5 14,3 8,7 25,0 25,0 25,0 25,0 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,2 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 1,8 1,6 1,8 1,7 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 46,6 46,7 45,9 44,6 43,7 52,4 47,6 43,5 25,0 25,0 25,0 5 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 17, 7 16,8 14, 9 14, 9 18, 8 14,3 14,3 13,0 0, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 3,9 5,5 6,5 4,7 6,3 14,3 9,5 8,7 25,0 0, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 1,1 1,4 1,6 1,3 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 3,5 3,3 3,2 3,2 6,3 4,8 4,8 4,3 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 1,1 1,1 1,4 1,1 EjL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 15,4 14,3 13,0 12,1 25,0 17,6 23,5 23,8 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 10,5 9,6 8,5 7,7 2 11,8 17,6 19,0 MINING PRODUCTS 4,3 4,0 3,6 3,8 5,0 5,9 5,9 4,8 NON-FERROUS METALS 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,1 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 2,8 2,3 1,9 2,2 5,0 5,9 5,9 4,8 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 2,6 2,3 1,7 2,0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,6 0,7 0,9 0,6 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 83,2 84,8 85,0 85,7 7 70,6 70,6 66, MACHINERY 27,1 27,3 26,9 28,0 3 35,3 35,3 33,3 33,3 4 33,3 42,9 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 6,0 6,1 5,6 6,3 15, 0 17,6 17, 6 14,3 16,7 20, 0 16,7 14,3 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 15,7 15,0 14,3 14,8 15,0 11,8 11,8 14,3 16,7 16,7 14,3 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 5,4 6,3 6,8 6,9 5, 0 5,9 5,9 4,8 0, 0 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 11,4 11,2 12,0 12,8 2 17,6 11,8 9, ,9 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 10, 0 9,3 10,2 10,9 5, 0 5,9 5,9 4, ,3 42,9 CHEMICALS 12,0 12,4 12,2 12,0 5,0 5,9 5,9 9,5 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,2 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 2,8 3,0 3,2 3,3 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 32,8 33,9 33,6 32,6 1 11,8 17,6 14,3 16,7 2 16,7 14,3 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 10,5 10,5 10, 0 9,4 0, 0 4,8 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 2,3 2,3 2,8 2,5 0, 0 0, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 2,6 2,8 3,0 3,0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1,7 1,9 1, 9 2,0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 1,1 0,9 1,7 1,3 1 5,9 5,9 4,8 A-3 7

88 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH THE CENTRAL/EAST. EUROPE (10), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS 13,7 28,6 22,0 6,1 6 31,3 9,5 CN I PRIMARY PRODUCTS 2,7 22,4 5,4-6,1 5 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -5,6 20,6 2,4 2,4 MINING PRODUCTS 13,9 19,5 6,1-9, NON-FERROUS METALS 60, 0 25, 0-25, FUELS 33,3 8,3-11,5 4,3 100, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 62,5 7,7-28,6 2 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 5 in in MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 17,9 30,9 27,3 9,4 62,5 38,5 5,6 in MACHINERY 26,9 42,4 38,3 26, ,3 5 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 33,3 75, 0 57, 1 36,4 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 7,1 4 38,1 20,7 100, 0 50, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 3 53, 8 25, 0 24, 0 100, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 31,3 23,8 53,8 25,0 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 4 35,7 68,4 28,1 0, 0 0,0 CHEMICALS -5,3 33,3 29,2-3, ,3 ^ MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,0 0, 0 PLASTICS 20, 0 33, 3 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 17,9 28,8 2 2,9 4 57,1-9,1 10 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 25, 0 22, 0 8,2 6,1 50, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL -15,4 81, 8 45, 0-24,1 200, 0-33, 3 0, 0-10 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0, 0 66, 7 40, 0-14, 3 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 11,1 2 16, 7 7,1 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 33,3 5-16,7 EXPORTS igrowth RATES (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS 27,2 21,9 24,3 19,4 42,9-15,0 23,5-16,7 2 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 22,7 13,0 13,1 11,6 25,0-4 33,3 25,0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 27,6 10,8 9,8 8,9 33, ,3 MINING PRODUCTS 7,1 13,3 11,8 26,3 NON-FERROUS METALS 33,3 25, 0 40, 0 FUELS 11,1 4 0, 0 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0, 0 11,1-10, 0 44,4 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 5 66,7-2 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 28,1 24,3 24,5 20,4 4-14,3 16,7-16,7 2 MACHINERY 23,4 23,2 22,2 24,5 5 16,7 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 31,3 23,8 15,4 33,3 50, 0 0, 0 0, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 14, 6 16,4 18, 7 23, 7 200, 0-33,3 50, 0-100, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 46,2 42,1 33,3 22,2 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 25,0 2 33,3 26,6 33,3-25,0-33,3 5-33,3 5 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 45, 8 14,3 35, 0 27,8 0, 0 50, 0-33,3 CHEMICALS 27,3 26,2 22,6 16,9 10 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 33,3 25, 0 20, 0 16, 7 PLASTICS 42, , 8 23, 5 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 33,7 26,1 23,4 15,6 5 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 32,1 21,6 17, 8 13,2 IRON AND STEEL 33, 3 25, 0 50, 0 6,7 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 28, 6 33,3 33,3 18, 7 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 5 33,3 25, 0 30, 0 5 0, 0 50, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 33,3 125,0-11, A-3 8

89 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH THE CIS (12), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN ALL PRODUCTS 20,1 24,2 24,9 26,4 IMPORTS (BN ECU) 1,9 3,4 3,9 3,7 2,5 3,1 3,9 3,4 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 15,2 17,6 15,7 17,5 1/1 1/6 1,9 1,9 2,2 2,7 3,4 3,0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 1,6 2,3 2,3 2,5 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 1,2 1,4 1,7 1,6 MINING PRODUCTS 13/5 15/1 12,9 14,9 1,0 1,4 1,7 1,5 1,0 1,3 1,7 1,4 NON-FERROUS METALS 1,9 3,1 4,0 2,9 0,7 1,2 1,5 1,3 0,7 1,0 1,4 1,1 FUELS 11,0 11,2 8,0 11,0 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 7,3 7,5 7,7 9,5 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,2 0/0 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 3,5 5,1 0,7 1,7 1,9 1,9 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 MACHINERY 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,1 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,5 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 CHEMICALS 1,3 1,9 2,0 1,7 0,3 0,5 0,7 0,6 0,1 0,1 MEDI CAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS 0,1 0,2 0,1 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 1,7 2,7 3,3 2,9 0,4 1,2 1,2 1,2 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,2 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 IRON AND STEEL 0,6 1,1 1,6 1,0 0,2 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,7 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 OTHER PRODUCTS 1,3 1,4 2,6 2,8 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 EXPORTS (BN ECU) ALL PRODUCTS VO VO H 18,3 20,8 24,8 3,2 2,8 2,7 3,7 1/4 1/1 1/0 O H PRIMARY PRODUCTS 4,0 4,3 4,9 6,0 1/5 1/0 1/1 1,7 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 3/7 4,0 4,5 5,5 1/5 1/0 1/0 1,6 MINING PRODUCTS 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0/1 0,1 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,1 0,1 0,2 0, 0 FUELS 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,1 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 12,3 13,7 15,5 18,2 1/6 1/7 1,5 1,9 1/3 1/1 1,0 0,9 MACHINERY 5,0 5,4 5,8 6,6 0,9 0,7 0,7 0,6 0,5 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,8 1,2 1,4 1,6 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,2 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 3,6 3,4 3,3 3,7 0,6 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,6 0,8 1,1 1,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 2,0 1,7 1,8 0,2 0,3 0,6 0,2 0,1 0,2 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 1,1 1,3 1,2 1,3 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 CHEMICALS 1,5 1,6 1,8 2,6 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,4 0,5 0,4 0,6 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0, 0 0, 0 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 3,5 4,7 5,7 7,0 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,3 0,2 0,2 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,7 1,0 1,1 1/3 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,4 0, 0 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,1 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,6 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,5 0, 0 GO H in CO VO H cn OTHER PRODUCTS 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,4 0,1 0,1 0,2 H A-39

90 TABLE TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH THE CIS (12), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN ALL PRODUCTS -3#5-5/9-4,1-1,6 TRADE BALANCES (BN ECU) 1/3-0/6-1,2-1,1-2,0-2,9-2,4 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -11/2-13,3-10,8-11,5 0,4-0,6-0,8-0,2-2,2-2,7-3,4-3,0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 2,1 1,7 MINING PRODUCTS -13,3-14,8 NON-FERROUS METALS -1,9-3,0 FUELS -10,9-11,0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR -7,2-7,3 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. -0,2-0,3 2,2 3,0 1/4 0,8 0,8 1/3-1/2-1,4-1,7-1,6 12,6-14,5-1/0-1,4-1,6-1/4-1,0-1,3-1,7-1,4-3,9-2,7-0, 7-1,2-1,5-1,3-0,7-1,0-1,4-1,1-7, 8-0,3-0,2-0,1-0,1-0,2-0,2-0,3-0,3 00 «1 1-7,6-9,3-0,3-0,2-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,5-0,2 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 8,8 8,6 9,5 12,8 0,9-0,4 1/0 0,8 0,7 0,6 MACHINERY 4,8 5,2 5,5 6,3 0/9 0/6 0,7 0,7 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,5 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,8 1,2 1,4 1,6 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,2 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 3,5 3,3 3,1 3,5 0,6 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,5 0,7 1,0 1,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 1/7 1/4 1,3 1/3 0,2 0,5 0,3 0,6 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,2 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,9 1,1 1,1 1,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 CHEMICALS 0,2-0/3-0,2 0/9-0,2-0,4-0,6-0,4 0,1-0,1-0,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,4 0,5 0,4 0,6 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 1/8 2,0 2/4 4/1 0/0-0,9-0,9-0,9 0,3 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,4 0,6 0,6 0,8-0,1-0,2-0,2 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL -0,2-0, 8-1,3-0,6-0,2-0,8-0, 8-0,8 0,1 0, 0-0,1-0,1 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0, 0 0,1 0,3 0,5 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF -0,3-0,3-0,2-0,2-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS -1,0-1,1-2,1-2,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1-0,1-0,1-0,2 EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 351 O MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF OTHER PRODUCTS A-40

91 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH THE CIS (12), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN JL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 75,6 72,7 63,1 66,3 57,9 47,1 48,7 51,4 88,0 87,1 87,2 88,2 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 8,0 9,5 9,2 9,5 5,3 5,9 5,1 8,1 48,0 45,2 43,6 47,1 MINING PRODUCTS 67,2 62,4 51,8 56,4 52,6 41,2 43,6 40,5 4 41,9 43,6 41,2 NON-FERROUS METALS 9,5 12,8 16,1 11, 0 36, 8 35,3 38,5 35,1 28, 0 32,3 35, 9 32,4 FUELS 54,7 46,3 32,1 41,7 15,8 5,9 2,6 5,4 8,0 6,5 7,7 8,8 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 36,3 31,0 30, 9 36,0 15,8 5,9 2,6 5,4 4,0 3,2 2,6 2,9 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 1,0 1,2 2,0 0,8 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 17,4 21,1 24,1 20,5 36,8 5 48,7 51,4 12,0 9,7 7,7 8,8 MACHINERY 1,0 0,8 1,2 1,1 2,9 2,7 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0, 0 0, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0,5 0,4 0,8 0,8 2,9 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,4 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 1,5 1,2 2,0 1,9 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 1,0 0,8 0,4 0,4 0, 0 0, 0 CHEMICALS 6,5 7,9 8,0 6,4 15,8 14,7 17,9 16,2 2,6 2,9 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 0,4 0,8 0,4 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 8,5 11,2 13,3 11,0 21,1 35,3 30,8 32,4 8,0 9,7 5,1 5,9 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 1,5 1,7 2, 0 1, 9 5,3 2,9 5,1 5,4 0, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 3,0 4,5 6,4 3,8 10,5 23,5 20,5 21,6 8,0 6,5 5,1 5, 9 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,4 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 2,0 2,1 2,0 2,7 5,3 2,9 2,6 2,7 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 6,5 5,8 10,4 10,6 2,6 4,0 3,2 5,1 LL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE1OF EXPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 24,1 23,5 23,6 24,2 46,9 35,7 40,7 45,9 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 22,3 21,9 21,6 22,2 46,9 35,7 37,0 43,2 MINING PRODUCTS 1,2 1,6 1,4 1,6 3,7 2,7 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,5 0,5 0,8 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 0,6 1,1 1,0 0,8 0, 0 2,7 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0, 6 1,1 0,5 0,8 0, 0 2,7 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 74,1 74,9 74,5 73,4 5 60,7 55,6 51,4 92, MACHINERY 30,1 29,5 27,9 26,6 28,1 25,0 25,9 21,6 42,9 54,5 6 5 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 4,8 6,6 6,7 6,5 9,4 7,1 11,1 5,4 14,3 18,2 30, 0 20, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 21,7 18,6 15, 9 14, 9 18,8 14,3 14, 8 13,5 21,4 27,3 30, 0 30, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 3,6 4,4 5,3 5,6 3,1 3,6 3,7 2,7 7,1 9,1 10, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 12,0 9,3 8,7 7,3 6,3 17,9 11,1 16,2 14,3 9,1 1 2 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 6,6 7,1 5,8 5,2 6,3 3,6 3,7 2,7 14,3 9,1 10, 0 10, 0 CHEMICALS 9,0 8,7 8,7 10,5 3,1 3,6 3,7 5,4 7,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 2,4 2,7 1,9 2,4 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 1,2 1,1 1,4 1,6 0, 0 7,1 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 21,1 25,7 27,4 28,2 12,5 10,7 11,1 8,1 35,7 27,3 2 2 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 4,2 5,5 5,3 5,2 3,1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 2,4 1,6 1/4 1/6 21,4 18,2 10, 0 1 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,6 1,1 1/9 2,4 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,6 1,1 1/4 2,0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 1,8 1,6 2,4 1,6 3,1 3,6 7,4 2,7 A-41

92 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH THE CIS (12), BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) LL PRODUCTS 9,2 20,4 2,9 6,0 171,4 78,9 14,7-5,1 31,6 24,0 25,8-12,8 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 7,0 15,8-10,8 11,5 175,0 45,5 18,7 29,4 22,7 25,9-11,8 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 6,7 43,7 8, ,3 16,7 21,4-5,9 MINING PRODUCTS 7,1 11,9-14,6 15,5 233,3 4 21,4-11,8 25,0 3 30,8-17,6 NON-FERROUS METALS 46,2 63,2 29, 0-27, ,4 25, 0-13,3 40, 0 42, 9 40, 0-21,4 FUELS 1,9 1, 8-28,6 37,5 200, 0-33,3-50, 0 100, 0-33,3 0, 0 50, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR -1,4 2,7 2,7 23,4 200, 0-33,3-50, 0 100, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT ,7-6 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 9,4 45,7 17, ,3 142,9 11,8 5 MACHINERY 5 10 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0, ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT -5 66,7 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS -50, 0-50, 0 CHEMICALS 18,2 46,2 5,3-15,0 5 66,7 4-14,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS 100, 0-50, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 21,4 58,8 22,2-12, ,3 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 50, 0 33,3 25, 0 100, 0 IRON AND STEEL 0, 0 83,3 45, 5-37,5 300, 0 100, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0, 0 25, 0 0, 0 40, 0 0, 0-10 OTHER PRODUCTS 3 7,7 85,7 7, EXPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) CjL PRODUCTS 16,1 10,2 13,7 19,2 14,3-12,5-3,6 37,0 55,6-21,4-9,1 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 11,1 7,5 14,0 22,4-21,1-33,3 1 54,5 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 8,8 8,1 12,5 22,2-21,1-33,3 6 MINING PRODUCTS 5 33,3 NON-FERROUS METALS 0, 0 10 FUELS 100, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 100, 0-50, 0 100, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 18,3 11,4 13,1 17,4 10 6,2-11,8 26,7 62,5-15,4-9,1-1 MACHINERY 31,6 8,0 7,4 13,8 125,0-22,2 14,3 5-16,7 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 100, , 7 14,3 200, 0-33,3 50, 0-33,3 100, ,3 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 20, 0-5,6-2,9 12, ,3 25, 0 50, 0 0, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 50, 0 33,3 37,5 27,3 0, 0-10 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 5,3-15,0 5, AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 83,3 18,2-7, 7 8,3 100, 0-50, 0 100, 0-50, 0 CHEMICALS 7,1 6,7 12,5 44, MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 100, 0 25, 0-20, 0 50, 0 PLASTICS -33,3 50, 0 33,3-10 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 12,9 34,3 21,3 22, , ,3 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 16,7 42, 9 10, 0 18,2-10 IRON AND STEEL -33,3-25, 0 0, 0 33,3 200, 0-33,3-50, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER -50, 0 100, 0 100, 0 5 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0, , 0 66, 7 OTHER PRODUCTS 66, A-42

93 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH MEDITERRANEAN BASIN, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN ALL PRODUCTS 41,1 43,8 45,0 49/5 IMPORTS (BN ECU) 7,9 8,7 8,7 9,9 1,3 1/5 1,7 1,7 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 20,1 20,4 19,3 22,6 2,6 2,3 2,2 2,8 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 4,1 4/8 4,7 4,9 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 MINING PRODUCTS 16,0 15,6 14,5 17,6 2,2 1/8 1/7 2,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,7 0/ 0 0, 0 FUELS 15,1 14,4 13,2 16,2 2,0 1,7 1,6 2,0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 13,0 12,6 12,2 14,3 1/8 1,5 1,5 1,8 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 NON-AGRI CULT. RAW MAT. 0,1 0/1 0,1 0,1 0/0 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 19,7 22,4 25,3 26,5 5,1 6,1 6,2 6,9 0,8 0,9 1/1 1/1 MACHINERY 2,8 3,5 3,9 4,1 1/0 1/2 1/3 1/5 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 1/1 1/3 1/5 1/4 0, 6 0, 6 0,6 0/7 0, 0 0/1 0/1 0/1 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0,8 1/0 1/1 1/3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0/5 0/0 0, 0 0, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,9 1/1 1,4 1/5 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0/0 0/0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 1/3 1/5 2,3 2,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,5 0,7 0/9 1/1, 0 /0 0, 0 CHEMICALS 1/7 2,2 2,5 2,4 0/4 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,1 0,1 0/1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0/0 PLASTICS 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,4 0,1 0/1 0,1 0,1 0/0 0/0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 13,9 15,3 16,5 17,6 3,5 4,2 4,3 4,7 0,7 0,7 0,9 0,8 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 9,4 10,2 10, 6 11,1 1,1 1/4 1,4 1,4 0, 0 0,1 IRON AND STEEL 0,3 0,4 0/ 7 0/6 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0/1 0/1 0/1 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,2 0,2 0/2 0,2 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0/ 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1/2 1/2 1/3 1/6 1/5 1/7 1,7 2,0 0/5 0,6 0,7 0,6 OTHER PRODUCTS 1/3 1/0 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 ALL PRODUCTS 55,0 56,4 64,5 72,5 EXPORTS (BN ECU) 11,8 11,8 11,2 12,0 3,9 3,2 3,2 3,5 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 9,1 9,6 11,2 11,2 3,3 3,2 3,8 4,0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 5,7 6,0 7,1 6,8 2,7 2,7 3,1 3,3 MINING PRODUCTS 3,0 3,2 3,5 3,9 0,4 0/4 0,5 0,5 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,7 0/7 0/9 0/9 0,1 0,1 0/0 FUELS 1/7 1/9 1/8 2,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 1/6 1/8 1/7 2,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0/ 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,4 0,4 0,6 0,5 0,1 0/1 0,2 0,1 0/0 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 45,1 46,0 51,8 59,2 8,3 8,3 7,2 7,8 3,8 3,0 3,0 3,3 MACHINERY 14,3 14,5 15,6 18,4 2,9 3,1 2,8 3,1 1/3 1/2 1/0 1,1 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 2,6 3,0 3,3 3,7 1/ 1,2 1,1 1,3 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,2 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 9,1 8,6 9/3 11/3 1/5 1,5 1,3 1/4 0,7 0/7 0,6' 0,7 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 2,6 2,9 3/0 3,3 0/4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,2 0/2 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 7,2 7,0 8,3 9,8 2,8 2,5 1/6 1/4 1/8 1/2 1/4 1/5 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 5,0 4,6 5/6 6,6 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 1/5 1/1 1/2 1/4 CHEMICALS 6,4 6,7 7,9 8,3 0,5 0,5 0,7 0,7 0/1 0,1 0,1 0,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 1/3 1/5 1,6 1,6 0,1 0,1 0,1 0/1 0/0 PLASTICS 1/5 1/6 2/ 0 2,1 0/1 0,1 0/1 0/2 0, 0 0/0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 17,1 17,6 19,9 22,3 2,1 2,2 2,1 2,6 0,6 0,5 0,5 0,5 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 4/3 4/6 5,3 5,9 0,1 0,1 0,2 0/2 0/0 IRON AND STEEL 2,6 2,2 2/2 2,4 0/1 0,1 0,1 0/1 0,2 0/1 0,1 0,1 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 1/1 1/1 1/4 1/5 0/1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0/ 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 2,8 3,1 3,2 3,7 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,5 0, 0 0/0 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,9 0,8 1/4 1/3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 A-43

94 TABLE TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH MEDITERRANEAN BASIN, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN LL PRODUCTS 13,9 12,6 19,5 23/0 TRADE : BALANCES 3/9 3,1 (BN ECU) 2,5 2,1 2,6 1,7 1/5 1,8 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -11,0-10,8-8,1-11,4 0,7 0,9 1/6 1/2-0,5-0,6-0,6-0,7 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 1/6 1/2 2,4 1/9 2,2 2,2 2,6 2,7-0,3-0,4-0,4-0,5 MINING PRODUCTS -13,0-12,4-11,0-13,7-1,8-1/4-1/2-1/7-0,2-0,2-0,2-0,2 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,3 0,2 0,4 0,2 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS -13,4-12,5-11,4-14, 0-1,8-1,5-1,3-1,7-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR -11,4-10, 8-10,5-12,2-1,7-1,4-1,4-1,7-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,4 0,1 0,1 0/2 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 25,4 23,6 26,5 32,7 3,2 2,2 1/0 0,9 3,0 2,1 1,9 2,2 MACHINERY 11,5 11,0 11,7 14,3 1,9 1/9 1/5 1,6 1,2 1,1 0,9 1,0 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 1,5 1,7 1,8 2,3 0,4 0,6 0,5 0,6 0,3 0,2 0,1, 1 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 8,3 7,6 8,2 10, 0 1,2 1,1 0,9 0,9 0,7 0, 7 0, 6 0,7 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 1,7 1, 8 1,6 1,8 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 5,9 5,5 6,0 7,5 2,6 2,3 1,4 1,2 1,8 1,2 1,4 1,5 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 4,5 3,9 4,7 5,5 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 1,5 1,1 1,2 1,4 CHEMICALS 4,7 4,5 5,4 5,9 0,1 0,2 0,2 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 1,2 1,4 1,5 1,5 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 1,2 1,2 1,5 1,7 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 3,2 2,3 3,4 4,7-1/4-2,0-2,2-2,1-0,1-0,2-0,4-0,3 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING -5,1-5,6-5,3-5,2-1,0-1,3-1,2-1,2 0, 0 0, 0-0,1 IRON AND STEEL 2,3 1,8 1,5 1, 8 0, 0-0,1-0,1-0,1 0,1 0,1 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,9 0,9 1,2 1,3 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1,6 1, 9 1,9 2,1-1,2-1,3-1,2-1,5-0,5-0, 6-0,7-0, 6 OTHER PRODUCTS -0,4-0,2 1/0 1/0 0/1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 139 * MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF OTHER PRODUCTS A-44

95 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH MEDITERRANEAN BASIN, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS 48,9 46,6 42,9 45,7 32,9 26,4 25,3 28,3 38,5 35,3 41,2 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 1 11,0 10,4 9,9 6,3 5,7 5,7 6,1 23,1 26,7 23,5 29,4 MINING PRODUCTS 38,9 35,6 32,2 35,6 27,8 20,7 19,5 22,2 15,4 13,3 11,8 11,8 NON-FERROUS METALS 1/ 1/1 1,1 1,4 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 36,7 32, 9 29, 3 32,7 25,3 19,5 18,4 20,2 7,7 6,7 5, 9 5, 9 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 31,6 30,8 27,1 28, 9 22,8 17,2 17,2 18,2 7,7 6,7 5,9 5, 9 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 47,9 51,1 56,2 53,5 64,6 70,1 71,3 69,7 61,5 6 64,7 64,7 MACHINERY 6,8 8,0 8,7 8,3 12,7 13,8 14,9 15,2 7,7 6,7 5,9 5,9 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 2,7 3,0 3,3 2,8 7,6 6,9 6,9 7,1 6,7 5,9 5,9 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 1/9 2,3 2,4 2,6 3,8 4,6 4,6 5,1 0, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 2,2 2,5 3,1 3,0 2,5 2,3 2,3 3,0 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 3,2 3,4 5,1 4,6 2,5 2,3 2,3 2,0 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 1,2 1/6 2,0 2,2 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 CHEMICALS 4,1 5,0 5,6 4,8 5,1 5,7 5,7 5,1 7,7 6,7 5,9 5,9 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 1/3 1,1 1,1 1,0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 0,7 0, 9 1/1 0, 8 1/3 1,1 1/1 1,0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 33,8 34,9 36,7 35,6 44,3 48,3 49,4 47,5 53,8 46,7 52,9 47,1 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 22,9 23,3 23, 6 22,4 13,9 16,1 16,1 14,1 0, 0 0, 0 5,9 IRON AND STEEL 0,7 0, 9 1,6 1,2 1,3 2,3 2,3 2,0 7,7 6,7 5,9 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,5 0,5 0,4 0,4 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 2, 9 2,7 2,9 3,2 19,0 19,5 19, 5 20,2 38,5 40, 0 41,2 35,3 OTHER PRODUCTS 3,2 2,3 0,9 0,6 2,5 3,4 3,4 3,0 STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS (IN %) LL PRODUCTS / PRIMARY PRODUCTS 16,5 17,0 17,4 15,4 28,0 27,1 33,9 33,3 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 10,4 1*0,6 11,0 9,4 22,9 22,9 27,7 27,5 MINING PRODUCTS 5,5 5,7 5,4 5,4 3,4 3,4 4,5 4,2 NON-FERROUS METALS 1/3 1/2 1,4 1,2 0,9 0,8 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 3,1 3/4 2,8 3,0 1,7 1,7 2,7 2,5 0, 0 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 2,9 3,2 2,6 2,9 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,8 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,7 0,7 0,9 0,7 0,8 0,8 1,8 0,8 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 82,0 81,6 80,3 81,7 70,3 70,3 64,3 65,0 97,4 93,8 93,8 94,3 MACHINERY 26,0 25,7 24,2 25/4 24,6 26,3 25,0 25,8 33,3 37,5 31,3 31,4 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 4,7 5,3 5,1 5,1 8,5 10,2 9,8 10, 8 7,7 9,4 6,3 5,7 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 16,5 15,2 14,4 15,6 12, 7 12, 7 11, 6 11,7 17,9 21,9 18, 8 2 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 4,7 5,1 4,7 4,6 3,4 3,4 3,6 3,3 7,7 6,3 6,3 5,7 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 13,1 12,4 12,9 13,5 23,7 21,2 14,3 11,7 46,2 37,5 43,7 42,9 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 9,1 8,2 8,7 9,1 2,5 2,5 3,6 3,3 38,5 34,4 37,5 4 CHEMICALS 11,6 11, 9 12,2 11,4 4,2 4,2 6,3 5,8 2,6 3,1 3,1 2,9 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 2,4 2,7 2,5 2,2 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,8 0, 0 PLASTICS 2,7 2,8 3,1 2,9 0,8 0,8 0,9 1,7 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 31,1 31,2 30,9 30,8 17,8 18,6 18,8 21,7 15,4 15,6 15,6 14,3 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 7,8 8,2 8,2 8,1 0,8 0,8 1,8 1,7 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 4,7 3,9 3,4 3,3 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,8 5,1 3,1 3,1 2,9 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 2,0 2,0 2,2 2,1 0,8 0,8 1,8 1,7 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 5,1 5,5 5,0 5,1 2,5 3,4 4,5 4,2 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 1,6 1/4 2,2 1,8 2,5 2,5 2,7 2,5 2,6 3,1 3,1 2,9 A-45

96 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH MEDITERRANEAN BASIN, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) LL PRODUCTS -3,1 6,6 2,7 1 25,4 10,1 13,8 18,2 15,4 13,3 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -8,2 1,5-5,4 17,1 23,8-11,5-4,3 27,3 2 16,7 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -2,4 17,1-2,1 4,3 25,0 2 33,3 25,0 MINING PRODUCTS -8,6-2,5-7,1 21,4 29,4-18,2-5,6 29,4 0/0 NON-FERROUS METALS -20, 0 25, 0 0, 0 40, 0 FUELS -7, 9-4,6-8,3 22,7 25,0-15, 0-5, 9 25, 0 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR -9,1-3,1-3,2 17,2 20, 0-16,7 20, 0 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 1,5 13,7 12,9 4,7 24,4 19,6 1/6 11,3 33,3 12,5 22,2 MACHINERY 3,7 25,0 11/4 5,1 25,0 2 8,3 15,4 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0, 0 18,2 15,4-6,7 20, 0 16, 7 0, 0 0, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 14,3 25, 0 10, 0 18,2 50, 0 33,3 25, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 22,2 27,3 7,1 100, 0 0, 0 50, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT -7,1 15,4 53,3 10 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS -37,5 4 28, 6 22,2 CHEMICALS 29,4 13,6-4,0 33,3 25,0 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 33,3 25, 0-20, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 3,0 10,1 7,8 6,7 25,0 2 2,4 9,3 4 28,6-11,1 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 2,2 8,5 3,9 4,7 37,5 27, 3 IRON AND STEEL -25,0 33,3 75, 0-14,3 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0-100, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 9,1 8,3 23,1 36,4 13,3 17,6 25, 0 20, 0 16, 7-14, 3 OTHER PRODUCTS 18,2-23, , EXPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS 18,8 2,5 14,4 12,4 21,6-5,1 7,1 21,9-17,9 9,4 HIMARY PRODUCTS 28,2 tn in 16,7 17,9-3,0 18,7 5,3 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 21,3 5,3 18,3-4,2 17,4 14,8 6,5 MINING PRODUCTS 42,9 6,7 9,4 11,4-2 25,0 NON-FERROUS METALS 16,7 28, 6 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 54,5 11, 8-5,3 22,2-33,3 50, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 60, 0 12,5-5,6 23,5 0, 0 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 5-16, &NUFACTURED PRODUCTS 17,8 2,0 12,6 14,3 25,8-13,3 8,3 MACHINERY 23,3 1/4 7/6 17,9 38,1 6,9-9, 7 10,7 44,4-7,7-16,7 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 23,8 15,4 10, 0 12,1 25, 0 20, 0-8, 3 18,2-33,3 0, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 24,7-5,5 8,1 21,5 50, 0-13, 3 7,7 40, 0-14,3 16,7 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 18,2 11,5 3,4 10, 0 33,3 0, 0 200, 0-33,3 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT -2,8 18,6 18,1 21,7-10,7-36, 0-12,5 12,5-33,3 16,7 7,1 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 25,0-8,0 21, 7 17, 9 0, 0 0, 0 33, 3 7,1-26,7 9,1 16,7 CHEMICALS 14,3 4,7 17,9 5,1 40, 0 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 18,2 15,4 6,7 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 15,4 6,7 25, 0 5, 0, 0 100, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 15,5 2,9 13,1 12,1 23,5 4,8-4, 5 23,8 2-16,7 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 10,3 7, 0 15,2 11,3 0, 0 100, 0 IRON AND STEEL 18,2-15,4 9,1 0, 0 0, 0, 0 0, 0 100, 0-50, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 10, 0 0, 0 27, 3 7,1 0, 0 100, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 12,0 10,7 3,2 15,6 33,3 25, 0 0, 0 CO H HER PRODUCTS 12,5-11/1 75,0-7,1 5 0, 0 A-46

97 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH LATIN AMERICA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES ALL PRODUCTS 24,1 28,7 30,4 30,2 IMPORTS (BN ECU) 63,6 74,0 8 96,2 6,6 7,5 8,6 8,5 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 18,6 22,3 22,3 21,7 24,8 26,2 27,9 33,3 5,6 6,4 7,4 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 12,5 15,5 14,4 14,8 9,6 10,5 10,8 11,9 2,4 2,9 3,2 3,4 MINING PRODUCTS 5,7 6,2 7,0 6,3 15,0 15,4 16,6 21,0 3,1 3,3 3,8 3,6 NON-FERROUS METALS 1,5 1,7 2,5 2,1 1,1 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,1 1,2 1,6 1,2 FUELS 2,3 2,1 2,0 1,9 13,1 12,9 13,8 18,4 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,6 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 1,9 1,7 1,5 1,3 12,8 12,6 13,5 18,1 0,5 0,5 0,4 0,6 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,4 0,6 0,9 0,6 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,2 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 5,3 6,2 7,3 7,1 36,6 45,2 49,2 59,4 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,4 MACHINERY 0,7 0,9 1,0 1,2 12,5 16,4 17,2 20,6 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,3 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 5,0 7, 0 7,4 9,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,5 2,2 3,1 3,3 3,8 0,1 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 5,2 6,3 6,5 7,4. 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 1,0 1,1 1,4 1,2 7,2 8,6 10,5 14,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,7 0,8 0,7 0,7 6,6 7,8 9,7 13,1 0,1 0,1 CHEMICALS 0,8 0,9 1,1 1,1 1,5 1,7 1,9 2,0 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 PLASTICS 0,1, 1 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 2,8 3,3 3,8 3,6 15,4 18,5 19,6 22,7 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,5 5,7 6,5 7,5 9, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0,1 0,1 IRON AND STEEL 0,4 0,5 1,0 0, 9 1,1 1,8 2,0 2,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,4 0,3 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,2 0,2 0,9 1,3 2,2 2,6 3,0 3,5 0,1 0,1 EXPORTS (BN ECU) ALL PRODUCTS 25,2 29,8 32,4 35,5 62,8 73,8 69,4 81,6 12,8 14,0 13,7 12,3 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 2,5 2,8 3,3 3,2 9,3 10,6 10,2 12,5 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 2,0 2,2 2,5 2,3 5,8 6,8 5,9 7,9 MINING PRODUCTS 0,4 0,5 0,8 0,7 2,8 3,0 3,2 3,8 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,7 0,8 0,8 0, 9 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,4 1,8 1,8 2,0 2,4 0,1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,4 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,8 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,7 0,9 1,1 0,9 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 22,4 26,8 28,2 31,1 51,0 60,3 56,6 66,1 12,6 13,8 13,5 12,1 MACHINERY 8,3 1 10,2 12,0 20,4 24,6 23,8 28,6 3,9 4,0 3,7 3,5 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 1,5 1,7 1,8 2,0 7,3 9,6 9,4 11, 8 1,7 1,8 1,6 1,6 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 5,5 6,7 6,9 8,2 7,8 9,1 8,5 9,6 1,4 1,4 1,3 1,2 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 1,2 1/5 1,5 1,9 5,2 5, 9 5,9 7,2 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,7 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 4,1 5,4 6,3 5,8 9,0 10,1 7,9 8,8 7,1 8,1 8,1 6,9 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 2,6 4,1 4,6 4,0 6,4 7, 0 5,9 6,7 3,2 3,1 2,6 2,1 CHEMICALS 4,2 4,9 4,9 5,7 6,8 8,2 8,4 9,5 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,9 1,1 1,1 1,3 0,4 0,5 0,4 0,5 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0, 0 PLASTICS 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,8 2,0 2,5 2,6 3,0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 5,5 6,3 6,6 7,3 14,8 17,4 16,5 19,3 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0, 6 0,7 0,7 0,8 3,5 4,2 4,4 5,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 IRON AND STEEL 0,8 0, 9 0,9 1, 0,8 0,8 0,9 1,1 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,3 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,4 0,6 0,7 0,7 1,5 1, 8 1,9 2,0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,5 0,6 0,5 0,6 0, 0 0,1 0,1 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,3 0,3 0,8 0,7 2,6 2,9 2,6 2,9 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 A-47 O)

98 TABLE TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH LATIN AMERICA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN TRADE BALANCES (BN ECU) ALL PRODUCTS 1,1 1,1 2,0 5,3-0,8-0,2-10,6-14,6 6,2 6,5 5,1 3,8 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -16,1-19,5-19,0-18,5-15,5-15,6-17,7-20, -5,5-6,3-7,3-7,1 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. -10,5-5,3-1/4-2,1-1/7-0,3-13,3-5,7-1/5-1, 9-1/5-0,5 11,9-6,2-2,3-1, 5-1/0-0,8-12,5-5,6-1/9-1,5-0, 9-0,5-3,8-3,7-4,9-4,0-12,2-12,4-13,4-17,2-0,4-0,7-0,8-0,7-11,3-11,1-11,8-16,0-11,5-11,2-12,1-16,3 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,5-2,4-3,0-1/1-0,5-0,5-0,2-2,9-3,2-1/2-0,5-0,5-0,2-3,2-3,7-1,6-0,5-0,4-0,3-3,4-3,5-1/2-0,5-0,6-0,2 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 17,1 20,6 20,9 24,0 14,4 15,1 7,4 6,7 11,7 12,8 12,4 10,7 MACHINERY 7,6 9,1 9,2 10,8 7,9 8,2 6,6 8,0 3,8 3,9 3,6 3,2 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 2,3 2,6 2,0 2,4 1,6 1,7 1,5 1,4 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 5,2 6,3 6,4 7,7 5,6 6,0 5,2 5,8 1,4 1,4 1,3 1,1 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 1,0 1,3 1,3 1,6-0,4-0,6-0,2 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,7 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 3,1 4,3 4,9 4,6 1,8 1,5-2,6-5,3 7,0 8,0 8,1 6,8 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 1,9 3,3 3,9 3,3-0,2-0,8-3,8-6,4 3,2 3,0 2,6 2,0 CHEMICALS 3,4 4,0 3,8 4,6 5,3 6,5 6,5 7,5 0,1 0,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,8 1,0 1,0 1,2 0,4 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,1 0,1 PLASTICS 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,7 1,7 2,2 2,2 2,6 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 2,7 3,0 2,8 3,7-0,6-1,1-3,1-3,4 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,1 0,1 0,3-2,2-2,3-3,1-3,7 0,1 0,1 IRON AND STEEL 0,4 0,4-0,1 0,1-0,3-1,0-1,1-1,2 0,1 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 1,3 1,6 1,5 1,7 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4-0,3-0,3-0,4-0,5-0,1-0,1 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,1 0,1-0,1-0,6 0,4 0,3-0,4-0,6 0,1 0,1 EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS S MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF OTHER PRODUCTS A-48

99 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH LATIN AMERICA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN lll p r d u c t s STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 77,2 77,7 73,4 71,9 39,0 35,4 34,9 34,6 84,8 85,3 86,0 84,7 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 51,9 54,0 47,4 49,0 15,1 14,2 13,5 12,4 36,4 38,7 37,2 4 MINING PRODUCTS 23,7 21,6 23,0 20,9 23,6 20,8 20,8 21,8 47,0 44,0 44,2 42,4 NON-FERROUS METALS 6,2 5,9 8,2 7/ 0 1/7 2,0 2,0 1/7 16, 7 16/0 18,6 14/1 FUELS 9,5 7,3 6,6 6/3 20,6 17,4 17,3 19/1 7,6 6/7 5,8 7/1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 7,9 5,9 4,9 4,3 20,1 17, 0 16, 9 18,8 7,6 6,7 4,7 7/1 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 1,7 2,1 3,0 2,0 0,3 0,4 0,6 0,4 3,0 2,7 3,5 2,4 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 22,0 21,6 24,0 23,5 57,5 61,1 61,5 61,7 13,6 13,3 12,8 16,5 MACHINERY 2,9 3,1 3,3 4,0 19,7 22,2 21,5 21,4 1/5 1,3 1,2 3,5 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,8 1/0 1/ 1/3 7, 9 9,5 9,3 9,8 1,5 1/3 1/2 2,4 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 1,2 1/4 1,6 1/7 3,5 4,2 4,1 4,0 1/2 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0, 8 0/7 0/7 I, 0 8,2 8,5 8,1 7,7 0, 0 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 4,1 3,8 4,6 4,0 11,3 11,6 13,1 14,7 1/5 1,3 1/2 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 2,9 2,8 2/3 2,3 10,4 10,5 12/1 13,6 1/3 0, 0 1/2 CHEMICALS 3,3 3,1 3,6 3,6 2,4 2,3 2,4 2,1 3,0 4/0 4,7 4/7 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,3 0/0 0,1 PLASTICS 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,4 0/5 0,4 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 11,6 11,5 12,5 11,9 24,2 25,0 24,5 23,6 9,1 8,0 7,0 7,1 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 2,5 2,1 2,0 1,7 9,0 8,8 9/4 9,4 0, 0 0, 0 1/2 1/2 IRON AND STEEL 1/7 1/7 3,3 3,0 1/7 2,4 2/5 2,4 4,5 4,0 3/5 3/5 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,8 1/0 1/0 0,7 0/3 0,3 0,5 0,3 0, 0 0/0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0, 8 0,7 0/7 0,7 1/3 1/2 1/1 1/1 1/5 1/3 1/2 1/2 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,8 0,7 3,0 4,3 3,5 3,5 3,8 3,6 1/3 1,2 LL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS (IN %) / PRIMARY PRODUCTS 9,9 9,4 10,2 9,0 14,8 14,4 14,7 15,3 0,8 0,7 0,7 0,8 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 7,9 7,4 7,7 6,5 9/2 9,2 8,5 9/7 0/0 MINING PRODUCTS 1,6 1/7 2,5 2,0 4/5 4,1 4,6 4,7 0,8 0,7 0,7 0,8 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,4 0,7 0, 6 0,6 1/1 1/1 1/2 1/1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 0,8 0,7 1/5 1/1 2/9 2,4 2,9 2,9 0/0 0, 0 0/0 0,8 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,8 0,7 1,5 1,1 2,1 1/ 9 2,0 2,2 0/0 0/0 0/0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,3 1/1 1/2 1/6 1/1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 88,9 89,9 87,0 87,6 81,2 81,7 81,6 rh CO 98,4 98,6 98,5 98,4 MACHINERY 32,9 33,6 31,5 33,8 32,5 33,3 34,3 35,0 30,5 28,6 27,0 28,5 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 6/0 5,7 5,6 5,6 11,6 13, 0 13,5 14/5 13,3 12/9 11,7 13,0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 21/8 22,5 21, 3 23,1 12,4 12, 3 12,2 11/8 10, 9 10/0 9,5 9,8 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 4/8 5,0 4,6 5,4 8,3 8,0 8,5 8,8 6,3 5,7 5,8 5,7 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 16,3 18,1 19,4 16,3 14,3 13,7 11/4 10,8 55,5 57,9 59,1 56,1 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 10/3 13,8 14,2 11,3 10,2 9/5 8,5 8/2 25, 0 22/1 19, 0 17,1 CHEMICALS 16,7 16,4 15,1 16,1 10,8 11/1 12,1 11,6 2,3 2,9 2,9 3,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 3/6 3,7 3,4 3,7 0,6 0/7 0,6 0,6 0, 0 0/7 0,7 0, 0 PLASTICS 2,0 2,0 1/9 2,3 3,2 3,4 3,7 3,7 0,8 0,7 0,7 0,8 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 21,8 21,1 20,4 20,6 23,6 23,6 23,8 23,7 10,9 1 10,2 11,4 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 2,4 2,3 2,2 2/3 5,6 5,7 6,3 6,5 0, 8 0,7 0, 7 0,8 IRON AND STEEL 3,2 3,0 2,8 2,8 1/3 1/1 1/3 1,3 2,3 2,1 2,9 2,4 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 1/6 2,0 2,2 2,0 2/4 2/4 2/7 2,5 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1/6 1/7 1,5 1,7 0,8 0,8 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,8 OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 1/0 2,5 2,0 4,1 3,9 3,7 3,6 0,8 0,7 0,7 0,8 A-49

100 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH LATIN AMERICA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) LL PRODUCTS -6,6 19,1 5,9-0,7 20,7 16,4 r l 00 20,3 GO 13,6 14,7-1,2 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -6,5 19,9-2,7 13,2 5,6 6,5 19,4 3,7 14,3 15,6-2,7 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -1,6 24,0-7,1 2,8 14,3 9,4 2,9 10,2 9,1 20,8 10,3 6,2 MINING PRODUCTS -16,2 8,8 12,9-1 13,6 2,7 7,8 26,5 6,5 15,2-5,3 NON-FERROUS METALS -6,3 13,3 47,1-16, 0 10, 0 36,4 6,7 0, 0 10, 0 9,1 33,3-25, 0 FUELS -23,3-8,7-4,8-5,0 13, 9-1,5 7,0 33,3-16,7 20, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR -24, 0-10,5-11, 8-13,3 13,3-1,6 7,1 34,1-16,7 0, 0-20, 0 50, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT ,3 5 66, ,3 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS -7,0 17,0 17,7-2,7 28,0 23,5 8,8 20,7 12,5 11,1 1 27,3 MACHINERY 28,6 11,1 2 27,6 31,2 4,9 19,8 20 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP -33,3 50, 0 33,3 22, 0 40, 0 5,7 27, 0 0, 0 0, 0 100, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 33,3 25, 0 29,4 40, 9 6,5 15,2 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 100, 0 0, 0 0, 0 50, 0 30, 0 21,2 3,2 13, 8 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT -16,7 1 27,3-14,3 28,6 19,4 22,1 34,3-10 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS -22,2 14,3-12,5 0, 0 32, 0 18,2 24,4 35,1 100, 0 CHEMICALS 12,5 22,2 15,4 13,3 11,8 5,3 5 33,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS 50, 0 33,3 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. -6,7 17,9 15,2-5,3 29,4 20,1 5,9 2 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING -14,3-16,7 29,5 14, 0 15,4 20, 0 IRON AND STEEL -20, 0 25, 0 100, ,2 63,6 11,1 15, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0, 0 50, 0-33, , 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0, 0 14,3 12,5 22,2 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 35 44,4 18,2 15,4 16, in H EXPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) LL PRODUCTS 17,8 18,3 8,7 9,6 14,4 17,5-6,0 17,6 18,5 9,4-2,1-10,2 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 19,0 12,0 17,9-3,0 9,4 14,0-3,8 22,5 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 17,6 1 13,6-8,0 13,7 17,2-13,2 33,9 MINING PRODUCTS 33,3 25,0 6-12,5 7,1 6,7 18,7 NON-FERROUS METALS 10 0, 0 16,7 14,3 12,5 FUELS 0, , 0-5,3 11,1 20, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 15-20, 0 0, 0 7,7 28,6 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 16,7 28,6 22,2-18,2 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 17,9 19,6 5,2 10,3 15,9 18,2-6,1 16,8 18,9 9,5-2,2-10,4 MACHINERY 10,7 20,5 2,0 17,6 21,4 20,6-3,3 20,2 18,2 2,6-7,5-5,4 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 7,1 13,3 5, 9 11,1 25, 9 31,5-2,1 25,5 21,4 5,9-11,1 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 10, 0 21,8 3,0 18, 8 11,4 16,7-6,6 12, 9 7,7-7,1-7,7 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 9,1 25, 0 26, ,5 22, 0 33,3-12,5 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 17,1 31,7 16,7-7,9-2,2 12,2-21,8 11,4 22,4 14,1-14,8 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 3 57,7 12,2-13, 0 16,4 9,4-15,7 13,6 23,1-3,1-16,1-19,2 CHEMICALS 23,5 16,7 16,3 19,3 20,6 2,4 13,1 5 33,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 28,6 22,2 18,2 25, 0-20, 0 25, 0-10 PLASTICS 25, 0 2 0, 0 33,3 25, 0 25,0 4,0 15,4 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 22,2 14,5 4,8 10,6 19,4 17,6-5,2 17,0 7,7 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 20, 0 16,7 14,3 25, 0 2 4,8 20,5 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 12,5 11,1-11,1 12,5 22,2 50, 0 0, 0 33,3-25,0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 33,3 50, 0 16, 7 0, 0 15,4 2 5,6 5,3 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 33,3 25,0 2 25,0 2-16,7 20, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 166,7-12,5 13,0 11,5-10,3 11,5 A-50

101 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH CHINA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES IMPORTS (BN ECU) ALL PRODUCTS 19,7 23,3 26,3 3 28,8 34,8 37,1 42,8 17,5 23,1 27,5 31,8 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 1,9 2,3 2,2 2,2 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,5 5,7 7,1 6,9 7,5 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 1,5 1,8 1,4 1,6 0,7 0,6 0,7 0,8 3,5 4,8 4,4 4,9 MINING PRODUCTS 0,4 0,5 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,6 0,7 0,7 2,2 2,2 2,4 2,5 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,4 0,3 FUELS 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 1,8 1,7 1,6 1,9 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,4 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 17,8 20,9 24,0 27,6 27,5 33,3 35,4 41,0 11,7 15,9 20,6 24,2 MACHINERY 3,4 4,6 6,2 7,3 5,1 7,6 9,2 11,0 1,3 2,0 3,4 4,9 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 2,0 2,8 3,6 4,2 2,9 4,8 5,8 6,8 0,6 1,0 1,7 2,5 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0,5 0,5 0,8 1,0 0,7 0,9 1,0 1,2 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,9 1,2 1,7 2,1 1,5 1,9 2,3 3,0 0,4 0,6 1,1 1,6 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 CHEMICALS 0,9 1,1 1,5 1,5 0,5 0,7 0,7 0,9 0,6 0,7 1,0 1,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 PLASTICS 0,1 0,1 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 13,4 15,1 16,1 18,5 21,5 24,7 25,2 28,7 9,8 13,1 16,1 18,0 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 5,3 5,9 5,3 6,1 6,5 6,5 5,6 6,1 6,4 8,3 9,6 10,7 IRON AND STEEL 0,1 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,9 0,4 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 ALL PRODUCTS 12,3 13,8 14,6 14,7 EXPORTS (BN ECU) 7,5 7,8 9,0 9,4 14,7 15,7 16,8 17,2 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 0,4 0,7 1,0 0,7 1,0 1,4 2,7 2,4 0,8 0,8 1,0 1,2 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 0,2 0,4 0,7 0,3 0,4 1,0 2,1 1,7 0,1 0,1 0,1 MINING PRODUCTS 0,1 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,7 NON-FERROUS METALS 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,3 FUELS 0/1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,3 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0, 0 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 0,2 0,1 0, 0 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,3 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 11,7 12,8 13,3 13,3 6,4 6,3 6,2 6,9 13,7 14,7 in in H 00 in H MACHINERY 6,5 7,5 8,1 8,1 2,4 2,4 2,6 2,9 6,1 6,8 7,8 8,2 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 1/1 1/7 2,0 1,6 0,7 0,7 0,9 0,9 1, 9 2,4 2,2 2,0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 4,9 5,2 5,4 5,8 1/4 1,5 1,5 1,7 3,6 3,5 4,2 4,6 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0/5 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,6 0, 9 1/4 1/5 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 2,2 2,4 2,2 1,7 2,6 1,9 1,0 1,5 2,1 2,1 1,2 1,1 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 1/4 0,9 1/3 1,0 0,7 0,2 0,1 0,1 1,6 1/3 0, 8 0,8 CHEMICALS 0,8 0,8 1,0 1,2 0,7 1,3 1,5 1,4 0,9 1,1 1,6 1,6 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0/1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0, 0 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0,1 PLASTICS 0/1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,6 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 2,1 1, 6 1,6 1,9 0,8 0,7 0,9 1,2 4,7 4,6 5,0 4,9 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0/1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0, 0 1,0 1/3 1/5 1/7 IRON AND STEEL 1/3 0,5 0,4 0,4 0, 0 0,1 2,5 1/9 1/8 1/3 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0/1 0/1 0/1 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,3 A-51 \

102 TABLE TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH CHINA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES TRADE BALANCES (BN ECU) ALL PRODUCTS -7,4-9,5-11,7-15,3-21,3-27,0-28,1-33,4-2,8-7,4-10,7-14,6 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -1,5-1,6-1,2-1,5-0,1 0,2 1,4 0,9-4,9-6,3-5,9-6,3 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. -1,3-0,3-0,1-0,1 0,1-1,4-0,2-0,1-0,1 0,1 0,1-0,7-0,6 -, 1-0,3 0, 0 0,1-1,3-0,3 0, 0-0,2 0, 0 0,1-0,3 0, 0 0, 0 0,1 0,4-0,3-0,2-0,2 0,2 1/4-0,4-0,4-0,3 0,3 0,9-0,3-0,3-0,4 0,3-3,5-1,7-1,5-1,3 0,2-4,7-1,7-0,2-1,4-1,1 0,3-4,3-1,8-0,1-1,4-1,0 0,4-4,8-1,8-1,6-1,1 0,4 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS -6,1-8,1-10,7-14,3-21,1-27,0-29,2-34,1 2,0-1,2-5,1 MACHINERY 3,1 2,9 1,9 0,8-2,7-5,2-6,6-8,1 4,8 4,8 4,4 3,3 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP -0,9-1,1-1,6-2,6-2,2-4,1-4,9-5,9 1,3 1,4 0,5-0,5 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 4,4 4,7 4,6 4,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,5 3,4 3,1 3,6 3,8 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU -0,4-0,5-1,0-1,4-1,3-1,7-2,1-2,7 0,2 0,3 0,3-0,1 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 2,1 2,2 2,0 1,4 2,3 1,5 0,6 1,1 2,0 2,0 1,0 0,9 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 1,4 0,9 1,3 1,0 0,6 0,1-0,1 1,6 1,3 0,8 0,7 CHEMICALS -0,1-0,3-0,5-0,3 0,2 0,6 0,8 0,5 0,3 0,4 0,6 0,5 MEDI CAL/PHARM. PROD. -0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,2-0,1 PLASTICS 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,6 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. -11,3-13,5-14,5-16,6-20,7-24,0-24,3-27,5-5,1-8,5-11,1-13,1 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING -5,2-5,8-5,2-5,9-6,5-6,5-5,5-6,1-5,4-7,0-8,1-9,0 IRON AND STEEL 1,3 0,4 0,1 0,2-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,3 2,2 1,5 0,9 0,9 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,1 0,1-0,1-0,1 0,1 0,1 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF -0,2-0,3-0,3-0,2-0,4-0,6-0,7-0,7-0,2-0,2-0,3-0,3 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,2 CN 0,2 0,2 H O i t i t i t 0,2,: EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF OTHER PRODUCTS A-52

103 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH CHINA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IiL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE!OF IMPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 9,6 9,9 8,4 7,3 3,8 3,4 3,5 3,5 32,6 30,7 25,1 23,6 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 7,6 7,7 5,3 5,3 2,4 1,7 1,9 1,9 2 20,8 16,0 15,4 MINING PRODUCTS 2,0 2,1 3,0 2,0 1,4 1,7 1,9 1,6 12,6 9,5 8,7 7,9 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,5 0, 9 0,8 0,7 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,6 1/3 1/5 0,9 FUELS 0,5 0, 9 1/1 0,7 0,7 0,9 1/1 0,9 10,3 7/4 5/8 6,0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0,7 0, 9 0,8 0, 9 9,1 6,1 4,4 4,4 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 90,4 89,7 91,3 92,0 95,5 95,7 95,4 95,8 66,9 68,8 74,9 76,1 MACHINERY 17,3 19,7 23,6 24,3 17,7 21,8 24,8 25,7 7,4 8,7 12,4 15,4 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 10,2 12, 0 13, 7 14, 0 10,1 13, 8 15, 6 15, 9 3,4 4,3 6,2 7, 9 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 2,5 2,1 3,0 3,3 2,4 2,6 2,7 2,8 1/1 1/7 2,2 2,5 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 4,6 5,2 6,5 7, 0 5,2 5,5 6,2 7, 0 2/3 2,6 4,0 5,0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 0,5 0,9 0,8 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 0,9 0,6 0,4 0,7 0,6 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0, 0 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,5 0/ 0 0,3 CHEMICALS 4,6 4,7 5,7 5,0 1,7 2,0 1,9 2,1 3,4 3,0 3,6 3,5 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 1,0 0,9 1/1 1,0 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,5 0/6 0,4 0,4 0/3 PLASTICS 0, 0 0,4 0,3 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 68,0 64,8 61,2 61,7 74,7 71,0 67,9 67,1 56,0 56,7 58,5 56,6 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 26, 9 25,3 20,2 20,3 22, 6 18, 7 15,1 14,3 36,6 35, 9 34, 9 33,6 IRON AND STEEL 0,4 1/1 0,7 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,7 1/7 1/7 3,3 1,3 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,6 0,5 0,5 0, 0 0, 0 0,4 0,3 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1/5 1/7 1/5 1,3 1/4 1/7 1,9 i, 9 1,7 1/7 1/8 1/ 9 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,4 0,3 0,7 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,4 0,4 0,3 LL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS 10 : (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 3,3 5,1 6,8 4,8 13,3 17,9 3 25,5 5,4 5,1 6,0 7,0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 1,6 2,9 4,8 2,0 5,3 12,8 23,3 18,1 0,6 0,6 0,6 MINING PRODUCTS 0,8 2,2 1,4 2,0 5,3 3,8 3,3 4,3 3,4 3,2 3,6 4,1 NON-FERROUS METALS 0/7 0/7 1/4 1/3 1/3 1/1 1/1 0/7 0,6 1/8 1/7 FUELS 0, 0 0/7 0, 0 0, 0 2/7 1/3 1/1 2, 0 1/9 1,2 1/7 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0, 0 0,7 0, 0 2,7 1/3 0, 0 2,0 1/ 9 1/2 1/7 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,8 0,7 0,7 0,7 1,3 2,6 3,3 3,2 1,4 1,9 2,4 2,3 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 95,1 92,8 91,1 90,5 85,3 80,8 68,9 73,4 93,2 93,6 92,3 91,9 MACHINERY 52,8 54,3 55,5 55,1 32,0 30,8 28,9 30,9 41,5 43,3 46,4 47,7 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 8, 9 12,3 13, 7 10, 9 9,3 9,0 10, 0 9,6 12, 9 15,3 13,1 11,6 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 39, 8 37, 7 37, 0 39,5 18, 7 19,2 16, 7 18,1 24, 5 22, 3 25, 0 26, 7 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 4,1 5,1 4,8 4,8 2,7 2,6 2,2 3,2 4,1 5,7 8,3 8,7 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 17,9 17,4 15,1 11,6 34,7 24,4 11,1 16,0 14,3 13,4 7,1 6,4 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 11/4 6,5 8,9 6,8 9,3 2,6 1/1 1/1 10, 9 8,3 4,8 4,7 CHEMICALS 6,5 5,8 6,8 8,2 9,3 16,7 16,7 14,9 6,1 7,0 9,5 9,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,8 1/4 1/4 2,0 0, 0 0,7 0,6 0,6 PLASTICS 0,8 1/4 1/4 1/4 2,7 1/3 2,2 3,2 2,0 1/9 3,0 3,5 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 17,1 11,6 11,0 12,9 10,7 9,0 1 12,8 32,0 29,3 29,8 28,5 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0, 8 0/7 0/7 1/4 0, 0 1/1 0, 0 6,8 8/3 8,9 9/9 IRON AND STEEL 10,6 3/6 2/7 2/7 0, 0 0, 0 1/1 0/ 0 17, 0 12,1 10, 7 7/6 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,8 1/4 0/7 1/4 1,3 1/3 1/1 2,1 0,7 0,6 0,6 0,6 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,8 0,7 0,7 1/4 1/1 0,7 1/3 1/2 1,7 OTHER PRODUCTS 1,6 1,4 2,1 2,0 1,3 1,3 1,1 1,1 0,7 0,6 1,8 1,7 A-53

104 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH CHINA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS isrowth RATES (IN %) LiL PRODUCTS 21,6 18,3 12,9 14,1 36,5 20,8 6,6 15,4 34,6 32,0 19,0 15,6 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 5,6 21,1-4,3-8,3 9,1 8,3 15,4 14,0 24,6-2,8 8,7 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 2-22,2 14,3-14,3 16,7 14,3 25,0 37,1-8,3 11,4 MINING PRODUCTS 25,0 6-25,0-33,3 5 16,7 9,1 4,2 NON-FERROUS METALS 100, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 200, 0 33,3-25, 0 FUELS -50, 0 100, 0 50, 0-33,3-50, 0 50, 0 33,3-5,6-5,9 18,7 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR -50, 0 50, 0 33,3 0, 0-12,5-14, 3 16,7 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 24,5 17,4 14,8 15,0 40,3 21,1 6,3 15,8 46,2 35,9 29,6 17,5 MACHINERY 54,5 35,3 34,8 17,7 5 49,0 21,1 19,6 85,7 53,8 7 44,1 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 53, 8 40, 0 28, 6 16,7 52, 6 65,5 20, 8 17,2 100, 0 66, 7 70, 0 47,1 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 66,7 60, 0 25, 0 40, 0 28,6 11, , 0 50, 0 33,3 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 50, 0 33,3 41, 7 23, 5 36,4 26, 7 21, 1 30,4 33,3 50, 0 83,3 45,5 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT ,3 10 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 100, 0 CHEMICALS 12,5 22,2 36,4 25,0 4 28,6 2 16,7 42,9 1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 50, 0 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 20,7 12,7 6,6 14,9 37,8 14,9 2,0 13,9 44,1 33,7 22,9 11,8 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 15,2 11,3-10,2 15,1 32,7 0, 0-13,8 8,9 42,2 29,7 15,7 11,5 IRON AND STEEL 200, 0-33,3 0, 0 100, 0 50, 0 50, 0 33,3 125, 0-55,6 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, , 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 33,3 0, 0 33,3 50, 0 16, 7 14, 3 50, 0 33,3 25, 0 20, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS ,3 5 EXPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) jl p r d u c t s 68,5 12,2 5,8 0,7 29,3 4,0 15,4 4,4 59,8 6,8 7,0 2,4 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 75,0 42,9-3 -9,1 4 92,9-11,1 6 25,0 2 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 10 75,0-57, ,0 MINING PRODUCTS 20-33,3 5-25,0 33,3 66,7 2 16,7 NON-FERROUS METALS 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0 0, 0 200, 0 FUELS 100, 0 0, , 0-33,3 50, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 100, , 0-33,3 50, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT ,3 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 72,1 9,4 3,9 39,1-1,6-1,6 11,3 59,3 7,3 5,4 1,9 r r r MACHINERY 91,2 15,4 8,0 84,6 8,3 11,5 64,9 11,5 14,7 5,1 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 120, 0 54,5 17, 6-20, 0 133,3 0, 0 28, 6 35,7 26, 3-8,3-9,1 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 96, 0 6,1 3,8 7,4 75,0 7,1 13,3 89,5-2,8 20, 0 9,5 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 66,7 40, 0 100, 0 0, , 0 50, 0 55,6 7,1 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 46,7 9,1-8,3-22,7 44,4-26,9-47,4 5 90,9 i t VO AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 40, 0-35, 7 44,4-23,1 250, 0-71,4-50, 0 77, 8-18,8-38,5 0, 0 CHEMICALS 25,0 2-22,2 85,7 15,4-6,7 12,5 22,2 45,5 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0, 0 100, 0 50, 0-100, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 100, 0 0, 0 0, 0-50, 0 100, 0 50, 0 66,7 2 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD ,8 18,7 33,3-12,5 28,6 33,3 62,1-2,1 8,7-2,0 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 100, , 0 30, 0 15,4 13,3 IRON AND STEEL 225, 0-61, , 3-24, 0-5,3-27, 8 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 100, 0-50, 0 100, 0 0, 0 100, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0, 0 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0 50, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS ,3 A-54

105 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH ASEAN, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN jl p r d u c t s 28,5 32,5 34,5 38,5 IMPORTS (BN ECU) 37,6 45,4 49,2 53,9 3 32,9 36,9 41,3 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 5,5 6,2 6,1 6,4 4,4 5,1 5,2 5,3 18,8 18,8 18,6 19,4 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 5,0 5,6 5,4 5,3 3,5 4,0 4,3 4,4 7,1 7,7 7,4 7,0 MINING PRODUCTS 0,5 0,6 0,6 1/0 0,9 1/1 0,9 0,9 11,7 11,1 11,2 12,3 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 FUELS 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,8 1,0 0,7 0,8 10,3 9,5 9,3 10, 7 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,7 0,9 0,7 0,7 4,9 4,5 4,3 4,8 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,1 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 22,9 26,1 27,5 30,9 32,7 39,6 43,2 47,6 10,6 13,4 17,4 20,9 MACHINERY 11,3 13,6 15,4 17,5 20,6 26,5 30,3 33,9 4,4 6,4 9,6 11,9 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 9,8 11,6 13,1 15, 0 18, 6 24,1 27, 9 31,1 3,0 4,8 7,6 9,6 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0,5 0,6 0,8 1,0 0,6 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,7 0,7 1,0 1,0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 1,0 1,3 1,5 1,4 1,4 1,6 1,7 1, 9 0,8 0,9 1,1 1,3 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,6 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 CHEMICALS 0,4 0,5 0,7 1/0 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,8 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0,1 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 10,5 11,4 10,9 11/7 11,2 12,0 11,9 12,5 5,4 6,1 6,8 7,9 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 4,3 4,4 3,9 4,1 4,8 4,9 5,0 5,2 1,2 1,4 1,6 1, 9 IRON AND STEEL 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,1 0,2 0,9 1/2 0,6 0,7 0,8 1/0 0,6 0,7 0,9 1,0 LL PRODUCTS 25,8 30,4 36,8 40,7 EXPORTS (BN ECU) 24,2 27,0 30,3 34,3 42,7 51,2 59,4 57,6 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,6 2,5 3,0 3,7 3,9 1/5 1/7 1/7 1/7 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 1,2 1/5 1,6 1/7 1/5 1/9 2,6 2,8 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2 MINING PRODUCTS 1/2 1/0 1/0 0,7 0/8 0,8 0,9 0,8 0,9 1/1 1/1 1/1 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,8 FUELS 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,1 0,5 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,4 0,2 0,2 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,1 0,5 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,4 0,2 0,2 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0/2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,3 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 22,9 27,4 32,8 36,4 20/9 23,1 25,8 29,5 40,4 48,6 56,4 54,3 MACHINERY 10,8 12,4 15,5 18,6 11,3 13,9 16,5 18,2 21,9 27,5 32,0 30,5 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 3,2 4,2 5,2 6,7 7,3 9,3 11, 7 12,4 9,8 12, 9 14,9 14,4 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 5,8 6,2 8,0 9,2 3,0 3,4 3,5 4,4 8,3 1 12,1 11,7 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 1,8 1,9 2,3 2,6 1, 1,2 1,3 1,4 3,8 4,6 '5, 0 4,5 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 3,3 4,4 5,9 5,0 4,3 3,4 2,3 3,5 7,4 8,2 9,7 9,5 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 1,7 2,0 2,4 2,4 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,4 5,1 5,9 7,3 7,1 CHEMICALS 3,0 3,5 3,6 4,0 2,0 2,2 2,6 2,8 2,8 3/4 4,1 3,8 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 PLASTICS 0,5 0, 6 0, 7 0, 7 0, 6 0,6 0,7 0,7 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,3 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 5,6 6,7 7,2 8,2 3,2 3,6 4,4 5,0 8,3 9/3 10,7 10,5 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,8 0,7 0,7 0,7 IRON AND STEEL 0,8 0,8 0,9 1,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 2,8 3,0 3,7 3,3 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,6 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,3 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1, 1,1 1,2 1,3 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,0 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,4 0,3 1/3 1/3 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,8 1/0 1/2 1/6 A-55

106 i Annex TABLE TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH ASEAN, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN LL PRODUCTS -2,7-2,1 2,3 2,2 TRADE : BALANCES (BN ECU) -13,4-18,4-18,9-19,6 12,7 18,3 22,5 16,3 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -3,0-3,6-3,4-3,8-1,9-2,1-1,5-1,4-17,3-17,1-16,9-17,7 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -3,8-4,1-3,8-3,6-2,0-2,1-1,7-1,6-6,8-7,4-7,1-6,8 MINING PRODUCTS 0,7 0,4 0,4-0,3-0,1-0,3-0,1-11,2 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 FUELS 0,3 0,1 0, 0-0,2-0,3-0,5-0,3-0,4-10, 0-9,1-9,1-10,5 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,4 0,3 0,2-0,1-0,2-0,4-0, 3-0,3-4,6-4,1-4,1-4,6 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,3 Hi I 00 0 H 1 H O H MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 1,3 5,3 5,5-11,8-16,5-17,4-18,1 29,8 35,2 39,0 33,4 MACHINERY -0,5-1,2 0,1 1,1-9,3-12,6-15,7 17,5 21,1 22,4 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP -6,6-7,4-7, 9-8,3-11,3-14,8-16,2-18,7 6,8 8,1 7,3 4,8 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 5,3 5,6 7,2 8,2 2,4 2,6 2,7 3,5 7, 6 9,3 11,1 10,7 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0, 8 0,6 0,8 1,2-0,4-0,4-0,4-0,5 3 /0 3/7 3,9 3,2 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 2,7 3,8 5,4 4,4 4,1 3,2 2,1 3,3 7,3 8,1 9,5 9,3 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 1/5 1/ 8 2,2 2,2 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,3 5,0 5,8 7,2 7, 0 CHEMICALS 2,6 3,0 2,9 3,0 1,3 1,4 1,8 1,9 2,2 2,7 3,3 3,0 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,4 0/5 0,6 0,7 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 PLASTICS 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 1/0 1/1 1/3 1,2 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. -4,9-4,7-3,7-3,5-8,0-8,4-7,5-7,5 2,9 3,2 3,9 2,6 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING -3,8-3,8-3,2-3,4-4,6-4,7-4,8-5,0-0,4-0,7-0, 9-1/2 IRON AND STEEL 0,8 0,8 0,9 1,0 0,1 0,1 0,1 2,7 2,9 3,5 3,2 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,5 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,3 0,2 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,7-0,2-0,2-0,1-0,1 0,3 0,5 0,6 0,6 M U> 00 VO 00 f-l OTHER PRODUCTS 0,3 0,1 0,4 0,1 0,2 0,1-0,1 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,6 EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS 45 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 24 MINING PRODUCTS 240 NON-FERROUS METALS 300 FUELS 250 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 500 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY 96 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 33 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 1160 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 180 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 550 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 850 CHEMICALS 750 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 53 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 12 IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 500 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF OTHER PRODUCTS A-56

107 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH ASEAN, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN LL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 19,3 19,1 17,7 16,6 11,7 11,2 10,6 9,8 62,7 57,1 50,4 47,0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 17,5 17,2 15,7 13,8 9,3 8,8 8,7 8,2 23,7 23,4 20,1 16,9 MINING PRODUCTS 1,8 1,8 1,7 2,6 2,4 2,4 1,8 1,7 39,0 33,7 30,4 29,8 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 1, 1,2 1,1 1, FUELS 0,7 0, 9 0,9 0,8 2,1 2,2 1,4 1,5 34,3 28, 9 25,2 25, 9 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,5 1,9 2,0 1,4 1,3 16,3 13,7 11, 7 11, 6 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,3 0,3 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 80,4 80,3 79,7 80,3 87,0 87,2 87,8 88,3 35,3 40,7 47,2 50,6 MACHINERY 39,6 41,8 44,6 45,5 54,8 58,4 61,6 62,9 14,7 19,5 26,0 28,8 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 34,4 35,7 38, 0 39, 0 49,5 53,1 56, 7 57,7 10, 0 14,6 20,6 23,2 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 1,8 1/8 2,3 2,6 1/6 1,8 1,6 1,7 2,3 2,1 2,7 2,4 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 3,5 4,0 4,3 3,6 3,7 3,5 3,5 3,5 2,7 2,7 3,0 3,1 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 2,1 1# 8 1,4 1,6 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,5 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,7 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2 CHEMICALS 1,4 1,5 2,0 2,6 1,9 1,8 1,6 1,7 2,0 2,1 2,2 1,9 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 0,3 0,3 0,3 0, 0 0, 0 0,3 0,3 0,2 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 36,8 35,1 31,6 30,4 29,8 26,4 24,2 23,2 18,0 18,5 18,4 19,1 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 15,1 13,5 11,3 10, 6 12, 8 10, 8 10,2 9,6 4,0 4,3 4,3 4,6 IRON AND STEEL 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,2 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0, 0 0, 0 0,3 0,2 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1,8 1,8 1,7 1,6 1,1 0, 9 0,8 0,7 1,0 0, 9 1,1 1,0 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,4 0,6 2,6 3,1 1,6 1,5 1,6 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,4 2,4 LL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 9,7 8,6 7,3 6,4 10,3 rh H 12,2 11,4 3,5 3,3 2,9 3,0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 4,7 4,9 4,3 4,2 6,2 7,0 8,6 8,2 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,3 MINING PRODUCTS 4,7 3,3 2,7 1,7 3,3 3,0 3,0 2,3 2,1 2,1 1,9 1,9 NON-FERROUS METALS 1,2 1,3 1,1 1, 0,4 0,7 1,0 0, 9 1,2 1,4 1,3 1,4 FUELS 1,9 1,3 0,8 0,2 2,1 1,9 1,3 1,2 0,7 0,8 0,3 0,3 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 1,9 1,3 0,8 0,2 2,1 1,9 1,3 1,2 0,7 0,8 0,3 0,3 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,8 1,1 1,0 0,9 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,5 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 88,8 90,1 89,1 89,4 86,4 85,6 85,1 86,0 94,6 94,9 VO VO 94,3 MACHINERY 41,9 40,8 42,1 45,7 46,7 51,5 54,5 53,1 51,3 53,7 53,9 53,0 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 12,4 13,8 14,1 16,5 30,2 34,4 38,6 36,2 23,0 25,2 25,1 25,0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 22,5 20,4 21,7 22,6 12,4 12,6 11, 6 12,8 19,4 19,5 20,4 20,3 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 7, 0 6,3 6,3 6,4 4,1 4,4 4,3 4,1 8,9 9,0 8,4 7,8 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 12,8 14,5 16,0 12,3 17,8 12,6 7,6 10,2 17,3 16,0 16,3 16,5 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 6,6 6,6 6,5 5,9 1,2 0,7 1,0 1,2 11, 9 11,5 12,3 12,3 CHEMICALS 11,6 11,5 9,8 9,8 8,3 8,1 8,6 8,2 6,6 6,6 6,9 6,6 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,7 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 PLASTICS 1,9 2,0 1,9 1,7 2,5 2,2 2,3 2,0 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,3 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 21,7 22,0 19,6 20,1 13,2 13,3 14,5 14,6 19,4 18,2 18,0 18,2 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 1,9 2,0 1,9 1,7 0,8 0,7 0,7 0,6 1,9 1,4 1,2 1,2 IRON AND STEEL 3,1 2,6 2,4 2,7 0,4 0,7 0,7 0,6 6,6 5,9 6,2 5,7 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 1, 9 2,0 1,9 1,5 0,8 1,1 1,3 1,2 0,7 0,8 0,7 0,5 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 3,9 3,6 3,3 3,2 0,8 0,7 1,0 0, 9 1,4 1,6 1,7 1,7 OTHER PRODUCTS 1,6 1,0 3,5 3,2 3,3 3,0 2,6 2,6 1,9 2,0 2,0 2,8 A-57

108 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH ASEAN, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) til PRODUCTS 18,3 14,0 6,2 11,6 29,7 20,7 8,4 9,6 2 9,7 12,2 11,9 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 3,8 12,7-1,6 4,9 1 15,9 2,0 1,9 9,9-1,1 4,3 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 2,0 12,0-3,6-1,9 9,4 14,3 7,5 2,3 24,6 8,5-3,9-5,4 MINING PRODUCTS 66,7 2 66,7 28,6 22,2-18,2 3,5-5,1 0,9 9,8 NON-FERROUS METALS 0, 0 0, 0 33,3 FUELS 5 0, 0 33,3 25,0-30, 0 14,3 3,0-7,8-2,1 15,1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0, 0 0, 0 0, ,7 28,6-22,2 0, 0-2,0-8,2-4,4 11,6 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 23,1 14,0 5,4 12,4 32,9 21,1 9,1 10,2 43,2 26,4 29,9 2.0,1 MACHINERY 31,4 20,4 13,2 13,6 36,4 28,6 14,3 11,9 41,9 45,5 5 24,0 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 32,4 18,4 12, 9 14,5 37,8 29,6 15, 8 11,5 57, 9 60, 0 58,3 26,3 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 25, , 3 25, 0 20, 0 33,3 12,5 16,7 0, 0 42, 9 0, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 25, ,4-6,7 27,3 14,3 6,2 11,8 33,3 12,5 22,2 18,2 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 5-16, AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 100, 0 0, 0 CHEMICALS 25,0 4 42,9 16,7 14,3 12,5 2 16,7 14,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 14,1 8,6 0, 0-4,4 0, 0 7,3 27,3 7,1-0,8 5,0 45,9 13,0 0, 0 11,5 16,2 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 7,5 2,3-11,4 5,1 20, 0 2,1 2,0 4,0 33,3 16,7 14,3 18,7 IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 25, 0 2 0, 0 33,3 0, 0 0, 0 50, 0 0, 0 100, 0 33,3-50, 0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS ,3 5 16,7 14,3 25,0 2 16,7 28,6 11,1 CjL PRODUCTS 25,9 17,8 21,1 10,6 EXPORTS GROWTH RATES 30,8 11,6 12,2 (IN %) 13,2 34,7 19,9 16,0-3,0 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 38,9 4,0 3,8-3,7 19,0 2 23,3 5,4 25,0 13,3 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 9,1 25,0 6,7 6,2 15,4 26,7 36,8 7,7 5-33,3 MINING PRODUCTS 14-16, ,5-11,1 28,6 22,2 NON-FERROUS METALS 50, 0 33,3 0, 0 0, , 0 25, 0 40, 0 14,3 0, 0 FUELS 150, 0-20, 0-25, 0-66,7 66,7-20, 0 0, ,3-50, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR ,0-66, 7 66,7-20, 0 0, 0 50, 0 33,3-50, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT ,3-25,0 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 23,8 19,7 19,7 11,0 33,1 10,5 11, 7 14,3 35,1 20,3 16,0-3,7 MACHINERY 33,3 14,8 25,0 2 34,5 23,0 18,7 10,3 36,0 25,6 16,4-4,7 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 45,5 31,3 23, 8 28,8 40,4 27,4 25, 8 6,0 46,3 31,6 15,5-3,4 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 26,1 6, 9 29, 0 15, 0 15,4 13,3 2,9 25, 7 20,3 20,5 21, 0-3,3 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 38,5 5,6 21,1 13, 0 42, 9 20, 0 8,3 7, 7 46,2 21,1 8,7-10, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 17,9 33,3 34,1-15,3 38,7-20,9-32,4 52,2 54,2 10,8 18,3-2,1 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 41, 7 17,6 20, 0 0, 0 50, 0-33,3 50, 0 33,3 50, 0 15,7 23, 7-2,7 CHEMICALS 2 16,7 2,9 11,1 25,0 1 18,2 7,7 27,3 21,4 20,6-7,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 25,0 20, 0 16,7 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 25, , 7 5 0, 0 16, 7 0, 0 25, 0 20, 0 16, 7-7,1 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 19,1 19,6 7,5 13,9 23,1 12,5 22,2 13,6 23,9 12,0 15,1-1,9 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 25,0 20, 0 16,7 0, 0 33,3-12,5 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 6 12,5 22,2 100, 0 12, 0 7,1 23,3-10, 8 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 20, 0 16, 7-14,3 50, 0 33,3 0, 0 0, 0 33,3-25,0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 25,0 10, 0 9,1 8,3 0, 0 50, 0 20, 0 33,3 25, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 33,3-25,0 333,3 14,3 12,5 33,3 25,0 2 33,3 A-58

109 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH THE 4 NIE'S OF ASIA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN ALL PRODUCTS 38/3 4 38,6 40,4 IMPORTS (BN ECU) 57,3 62,3 64,7 67,1 23,0 26,1 31,5 32,1 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 0,7 0,7 0,6 0,6 1,2 1,2 1,1 1,1 6,3 6,3 6,7 7,4 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 0/5 0,5 0,5 0,4 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,6 4,6 4,7 4,6 4,6 MINING PRODUCTS 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3 1,6 1,6 2,1 2,7 NON-FERROUS METALS 0, 0 0, 0 0,1 0/1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,3 FUELS 0, 0 0/3 0,3 0,2 0,2 1,1 1,0 1,4 2,2 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,2 1,1 1,0 1,4 2,2 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 37,4 39,1 37,2 39,1 55,0 59,9 62,4 64,4 16,2 19,1 24,0 23,8 MACHINERY 17,8 20,8 20,8 21,9 27,7 32,7 38,1 40,6 5,4 7,7 12,3 12,6 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 14, 0 16,1 15,4 17,5 22,4 26, 8 32,4 34,1 3,8 5, 8 10, 0 1 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 1,1 1/2 1/6 1/9 2,4 2,7 2,6 2,9 0, 8 0,9 1,1 1,3 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 2,7 3,5 3/8 2,6 2,9 3,1 3,1 3,5 0,8 1, 0 1,2 1,3 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 2,3 2,3 2,7 2,9 2,0 2,7 2,6 2,9 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,5 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,8 1/ 1/7 1/6 1/2 1,9 1,9 2,2 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 CHEMICALS 0,9 1,0 1,3 1,4 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,0 1,2 1,3 1,4 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0/1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 PLASTICS 0,4 0,4 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 16,4 15,0 12,3 12,2 24,2 23,3 20,5 19,7 9,4 9,7 9,9 9,4 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 6,2 5,6 4,3 4,2 9,7 9,5 8,2 7,8 3,0 3,0 2,7 2,4 IRON AND STEEL 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,7 0,6 0,7 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,4 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,6 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,2 0,2 0,8 0,7 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,6 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,9 ALL PRODUCTS 36,2 43,4 49,1 53,9 EXPORTS (BN ECU) 44,9 50,1 56,8 59,6 68,6 78,5 84,8 79,9 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 4,0 4,6 4,6 4,8 8,4 9,2 10,9 10,9 3,6 4,1 4,7 3,9 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 2,4 3,0 2,9 3,3 5,3 6,0 7,1 7,6 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,0 MINING PRODUCTS 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,3 2,5 2,4 2,8 2,6 2,3 2,7 3,2 2,5 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,5 0,5 0,9 0,6 1,2 1,3 1,7 1,5 FUELS 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,2 1,2 1,2 1,0 1,1 0,9 1,1 1,2 0/8 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,1 1,0 1,0 0,8 0, 9 0, 9 1,1 1,2 0/7 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,6 0,8 1,0 0,8 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,4 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 31,6 38,2 43,0 47,0 34,8 38,6 44,0 46,9 63,6 72,4 77,7 73,3 MACHINERY 11,5 13,9 16,4 19,1 16,1 19,2 22,9 25,7 34,1 40,5 44,0 41,2 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 3,1 3,9 5,1 6,1 9,7 11, 8 13,8 15,5 16,5 19,7 21,8 19,4 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 6,6 7,8 8,8 10,1 4,6 5,3 6,7 7,5 11,5 13,5 14,7 14/6 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 1/8 2,2 2,5 2,8 1,9 2,2 2,4 2,7 6,1 7,3 7,5 7,2 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 4,1 5,1 5,8 5,2 7,1 6,7 6,3 5,9 6,9 6,7 5,5 5,4 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 2,3 2,9 3,0 2,7 2,2 1,9 1,6 1,3 4,4 4,0 3,4 3,2 CHEMICALS 4,8 5,8 6,0 6,4 4,7 5,3 6,4 6,1 6,2 7,4 8,8 8,2 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,7 0, 8 0,9 0, 9 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 PLASTICS 0, 9 1/2 1/3 1/3 1,3 1,5 1,8 1,8 2,0 2,4 2,8 2,6 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 11,0 13,2 14,3 15,8 6,9 7,5 8,4 9,2 16,3 17,8 19,4 18,5 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 1/9 2,5 2/7 3,0 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,6 2,3 2,1 2,0 1, 8 IRON AND STEEL 1/5 1/4 1/4 1/6 0,2 0,1 0,5 0,3 3,8 4,2 5, 0 4,4 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,7 0,8 1/0 0/9 0,5 0,6 0,8 0,8 0, 8 0,9 0,9 0,7 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1/5 1/7 1/7 1/9 0,7 0, 8 0,8 0, 8 1,3 1,5 1, 7 1,6 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,6 0,6 1,5 1,4 1,7 2,3 1,8 1,7 1,4 2,0 2,4 2,7 A-59

110 TABLE TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH THE 4 NIE'S OF ASIA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN TRADE BALANCES (BN ECU) -2# 1 3,4 10,5 13,5-12,4-12,2-7, 9-7,5 45/6 52,4 53,3 47,8 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 3/3 3,9 4,0 4,2 7,2 8,0 9, 8 9,8-2,7-2,2-2,0-3,5 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 1/9 2,5 2,4 2,9 1/3 1/3 1/4 1/2 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,7 0/4 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,1 0/1 0,2 0,1 0,1 4,6 5,3 6, 4 7,0 2,1 2,0 2, 5 2,3 0,4 0,4 0, 8 0,5 0,9 0,9 0, 8 0,9 0,7 0,7, 6 0,7 0,5 0,7 0, 9 0,7-3,7-3,7-3,6-3,6 0,7 1,1 1/1-0,2 1,0 1, 1,3 1,2-0,2 0,1-0,2-1,4-0,2 0,1-0,2-1,5 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,4 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS -5,8-0,9 5,8 7,9-20,2-21,3-18, 4-17,5 47,4 53,3 53,7 49,5 MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF -6/3-6,9-4,4-2,8-10, 9-12/2-10,3-11,4 5,5 6/6 7,2 8,2-0, 9-1,3-1,3 0,2 1/8 2,8 3,1 2,3 1,5 1,9 1,3 1,1 3,9 4,8 4,7 5,0 0,7 0,8 0, 8 0,8 0,5 0/8 0,7 0,8-5,4-1,8 2,0 3,6-4,3-3/1-1, 6-1,2 1,4 1,3 1,2 1,4 0/6 0,7 0,9 0,8 0/9 1,2 1,2 1,4-11,6-13,5-15, 2-14,9-12,7-15, 0-18, 6-18,6 2,2 2,6 4, 1 4,6-1,0-0,9 -, 7-0,8 5,1 4,0 3, 7 3,0 1,0 -, 3-0,9 3,6 4,1 5, 2 4,8 0,2 0,1 0, 2 0,2 0,9 1,1 1, 4 1,4-17,3-15,8-12, 1-10,5-9,2-9,0-7, 7-7,2-0,3-0,6 -, 1-0,4 0,3 0,4 0, 6 0,7 0,1 0,3 0,4 0,4 28,7 32,8 31,7 28,6 12, 7 13, 9 11, 8 9,4 10,7 12,6 13,6 13,3 5,3 6,3 6,3 5,9 6,5 6,2 5,0 4,9 4,3 3,9 3,2 3,0 5,2 6,2 7,5 6,8 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 1,7 2,0 2,4 2,2 6,9 8,1 9,5 9,1-0,7-0,9-0,7-0,6 2,2 2,6 3,3 3,0 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,6 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,2 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,4 0,4 0,7 0,7 0,6 1,1 0, 5 0,1 0,9 1,3 1/6 1/8 EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN %) PRODUCTS IIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT INUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF CHER PRODUCTS A-60

111 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH THE 4 NIE'S OF ASIA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN jl PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS (IN %) /0 10 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 1,8 1/8 1/6 1,5 2,1 1,9 1,7 1/6 27,4 24,1 21/3 23,1 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 1,3 1/3 1,3 1/0 1/2 1,1 1/1 0/9 2 18,0 14,6 14,3 MINING PRODUCTS 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,7 0,6 0/5 0,4 7,0 6,1 6,7 8,4 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,9 1/1 1/3 0, 9 FUELS 0, 0 0,5 0,5 0,3 0,3 4,8 3/8 4/4 6,9 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0,5 0,5 0,3 0,3 4,8 3/8 4/4 6,9 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 97,7 97,8 96,4 96,8 96,0 96,1 96,4 96,0 70,4 73,2 76,2 74,1 MACHINERY 46,5 52,0 53,9 54,2 48,3 52,5 58,9 60,5 23,5 29,5 39,0 39,3 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 36, 6 40,3 39, 9 43,3 39,1 43, 0 50,1 50, 8 16,5 22,2 31,7 31,2 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 2,9 3,0 4,1 4,7 4,2 4,3 4,0 4,3 3,5 3,4 3,5 4,0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 7, 0 8,8 9,8 6,4 5,1 5, 0 4,8 5,2 3,5 3,8 3,8 4,0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 6,0 5,8 7,0 7,2 3,5 4,3 4,0 4,3 1,7 1/9 1/6 1/6 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 2,1 2,5 4,4 4,0 2,1 3,0 2,9 3,3 0,4 0,4 0,6 0,6 CHEMICALS 2,3 2,5 3,4 3,5 1,9 1,9 1/9 1,9 4,3 4,6 4/1 4,4 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,3 0,2 0, 0 0,2 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3 PLASTICS 1,0 1/0 1/6 1/2 0,7 0,6 0,6 0,6 1/3 1/5 1,3 1/2 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 42,8 37,5 31,9 30,2 42,2 37,4 31,7 29,4 40,9 37,2 31/4 29,3 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 16,2 14, 0 11,1 10,4 16, 9 15,2 12,7 11,6 13, 0 11/5 8,6 7/5 IRON AND STEEL 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,5 0,9 1,1 0,9 1/0 7,0 6/1 5,4 4,4 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1/ 6 1/3 1/3 1/2 1/ 0,8 0,6 0,6 1/7 1/5 1/3 1/2 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,5 0,5 2,1 1/7 1/9 1/9 2,0 2,4 2,2 2,7 2,5 2,8 CiL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 11,0 10,6 9,4 8,9 18,7 18,4 19,2 18,3 5,2 5,2 5,5 4,9 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 6,6 6,9 5,9 6,1 11,8 12,0 12,5 12,8 1,3 1/3 1,2 1/3 MINING PRODUCTS 3,9 3,2 3,1 2,4 5,6 4,8 4,9 4,4 3,4 3,4 3,8 3,1 NON-FERROUS METALS 1/7 1/6 1/4 1/5 1/1 1/0 1/6 1/0 1/7 1,7 2,0 1/9 FUELS 1/1 0/7 0,6 0/4 2,7 2/4 1/8 1/8 1/3 1/4 1/4 1/ 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 1/1 0,7 0,6 0,2 2,2 2,0 1,4 1,5 1,3 1/4 1/4 0/9 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,3 0,5 0,4 0,4 1/3 1/6 1/8 1/3 0,6 0,5 0,6 0,5 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 87,3 88,0 87,6 87,2 77,5 77,0 77,5 78,7 92,7 92,2 91,6 91,7 MACHINERY 31,8 32,0 33,4 35,4 35,9 38,3 40/3 43,1 49,7 51,6 51,9 51,6 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 8,6 9,0 10,4 11,3 21,6 23,6 24,3 26, 0 24,1 25,1 25,7 24,3 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 18,2 18,0 17, 9 18,7 10,2 10,6 11, 8 12,6 16, 8 17,2 17,3 18,3 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 5,0 5,1 5,1 5,2 4,2 4,4 4,2 4,5 8,9 9,3 8,8 9,0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 11,3 11,8 9,6 15,8 13,4 11/1 9,9 10,1 8,5 6,5 6,8 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 6,4 6,7 6,1 5, 0 4,9 3,8 2,8 2,2 6,4 5,1 4,0 4,0 CHEMICALS 13,3 13,4 12,2 11/9 10,5 10,6 11,3 10,2 9,0 9,4 10,4 10,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 1/ 9 1/8 1/8 1/7 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,3 PLASTICS 2,5 2,8 2,6 2,4 2,9 3,0 3,2 3,0 2,9 3,1 3,3 3,3 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 30,4 30,4 29,1 29,3 15,4 15,0 14,8 15,4 23,8 22,7 22,9 23,2 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 5,2 5,8 5,5 5,6 1/1 1/0 0,9 1/0 3,4 2,7 2,4 2,3 IRON AND STEEL 4,1 3,2 2,9 3,0 0/4 0,2 0,9. 0,5 5,5 5,4 5,9 5,5 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 1, 9 1/ 8 2,0 1,7 1/1 1/2 1,4 1/3 1,2 1/1 1/1 0, 9 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 4/1 3,9 3,5 3/5 1/6 1/6 1/4 1/3 1/9 1/9 2,0 2,0 H* H 00 OTHER PRODUCTS 1/7 1/4 3,1 2,6 3,8 4,6 3,2 2,9 2,0 2,5 2,8 3,4 A-61

112 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH THE 4 NIE S OF ASIA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS igrowth RATES (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS 7,6 4,4-3, 5 4,7 14,4 8,7 3,9 3,7 13,9 13,5 20,7 1,9 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 0, 0-14, 3 2-8,3 10,5 6,3 10,4 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -16,7 MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0, ,7-14,3 12,2 2,2-2,1 0, 0 33,3-25,0 50, 0 31,3 33,3 28,6-25, 0 50, 0 50, 0-33,3 0, 0-33,3-8,3-8,3-9,1-9,1 4 40, 0 57,1 57,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 7,5 4,5-4, 9 5,1 14,1 8,9 4,2 3,2 15,7 17,9 25,7-0,8 MACHINERY 14,8 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 14,8 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 22,7 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 27,8 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 14,3 CHEMICALS 12,5 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS 33,3 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. -1,2 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL -5 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 2 16,9 0, 0 5,3 27,1 18,1 15, 0-4, 3 13, 6 31, 0 19,6 9,1 33, 3 18, 7 14,3 12,5 29,6 8, 6-31, 6 16, 0 6,9 17, 4 7,4 17,6 35,0 25,0 70, 0-5,9 9,1 58,3 11,1 30, 0 7,7 1 9,1 0, 0 50, 0-16, 7 33,3 0, 0-8,5-18, 0-0,8 2,1-3,7-9,7-23, 2-2,3 4,3-2,1 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0-16,7 40, 0 0, 0 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0 16,7 0, , 7 16,5 6,6 31,7 42,6 59,7 2,4 20, 9 5,2 46,2 52, 6 72,4-3,7 11,5 12,5 22,2 18,2 12, 9 14,3 25, 0 2 8,3-3,7 11,5 33,3 25,0 15, 8 0, 0 100, 0 8,3 25,0 2 8,3 7,7 100, 0 50, 0 0, 0 33,3-12,0-3,9 6,8 3,2 2,1-5,1-13,7-4,9-3,2 0, 0-10, 0-11,1-14,3 16,7 23,1 0, 0 6,2-17,6 CN1-50, 0 0, 0-20, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 300, 0-12,5 22,2 9,1 8,3 23,1 25,0 4 14,3 12,5 EXPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) PRODUCTS 25,7 19,9 13,1 9,8 20,1 11,6 13,4 4,9 22,5 14,4 8,0-5,8 IIMARY PRODUCTS 33,3 15,0 4,3 9,1 9,5 18,5 16,1 13,9 14,6-17,0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 14,3 25,0-3,3 13,8 8,2 13,2 18,3 7,0 12,5 11,1 MINING PRODUCTS 55,6 7,1-13,3 19,0-4,0 16,7-7,1 21,1 17,4 18,5-21,9 NON-FERROUS METALS 50, 0 16,7 14,3 80, 0-33,3 20, 0 8,3 30,8-11,8 FUELS 100, 0-25, 0-33,3 9,1 0, 0-16, 7 10, 0 28,6 22,2 9,1-33,3 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 100, 0-25,0-66,7 25, 0 0, 0-20, 0 12, 5 50, 0 22,2 9,1-41, 7 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT ,3 33,3 25,0-2 33,3 25,0-2 UIUFACTURED PRODUCTS 25,4 20,9 12,6 9,3 24,7 10,9 14,0 6,6 22,5 13,8 7,3-5,7 MACHINERY 25,0 20,9 18,0 16,5 26,8 19,3 19,3 12,2 24,5 18,8 8,6-6,4 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 40, 9 25, 8 30, 8 19,6 32, 9 21, 6 16, 9 12, 3 31, 0 19,4 10, 7-11, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 20, 0 18,2 12, 8 14,8 15, 0 15,2 26,4 11, 9 13,9 17,4 8,9-0,7 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 28,6 22,2 13,6 12, 0 35, 7 15, 8 9,1 12, 5 29, 8 19, 7 2,7-4,0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 24,2 24,4 13,7-10,3 29,1-5,6-6,0-6,3 27,8-2,9-17,9-1,8 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 27, 8 26,1 3,4-10, 0 15, 8-13,6-15,8-18,8 22,2-9,1-15, 0-5,9 CHEMICALS 17,1 20,8 3,4 6,7 17,5 12,8 20,8-4,7 17,0 19,4 18,9-6,8 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 16, 7 14,3 12,5 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 28,6 33,3 8,3 0, 0 18,2 15,4 20, 0 25, 0 20, 0 16, 7-7,1 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 27,9 2 8,3 10,5 23,2 8,7 12,0 9,5 18,1 9,2 9,0-4,6 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 26,7 31,6 8,0 11,1 25, 0 0, 0 20, 0 4,5-8,7-4,8-10, 0 IRON AND STEEL 87,5-6,7 14,3-50, , 0 18,7 10,5 19, 0-12, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 16,7 14,3 25, , ,3 12,5-22,2 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 25, 0 13,3 0, 0 11,8 16,7 14,3 0, 0 18,2 15,4 13,3-5,9 [ HER PRODUCTS ,7-5,6 35,3-21,7-5,6 4 42,9 2 12,5 A-62

113 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH SOUTH ASIA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN CiL PRODUCTS 10,2 11,6 12,1 13,3 IMPORTS (BN ECU) 6,8 7,8 7,8 8,6 2,6 2,9 3,0 3,0 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 1,6 1,8 1,7 2,0 0,6 0,8 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,3 1,4 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 1,3 1,5 1,4 1,7 0,6 0,7 0,6 0,7 0,6 0,8 0,8 0,9 MINING PRODUCTS 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 NON-FERROUS METALS 0, 0 FUELS 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 8,6 9,8 10,3 11,2 6,2 6,9 7,0 7,7 1,4 1,6 1,7 1,6 MACHINERY 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,6 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,1 0,1 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 CHEMICALS 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 7,8 8,9 9,2 9,8 5,9 6,5 6,6 7,1 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,5 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 5,6 6,3 6,4 6,8 3,7 4,2 4,2 4,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,7 IRON AND STEEL 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,7 0,8 0,8 0, 9 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,6 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,1 0,1 ALL PRODUCTS 9,6 10,7 12,8 13,4 EXPORTS (BN ECU) 3,4 2,9 3,7 4,0 3,2 3,2 3,5 3,5 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 0,9 0,8 0,8 1,0 0,7 0,8 1,1 0,8 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,5 0,5 0,8 0,5 MINING PRODUCTS 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,6 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 FUELS 0,3 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,3 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 8,7 9,8 11,6 11,9 2,6 2,1 2,5 3,1 3,0 3,0 3,3 3,3 MACHINERY 2,6 3,3 4,6 4,5 0,9 0,8 1,1 1,2 1,1 1,3 1,4 1,4 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 1, 9 2,5 3,5 3,3 0,6 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0, 9 1,0 1,0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,3 0,4 0,6 0,6 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 0,9 1,1 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,4 0,3 0,7 0,9 0,6 0,7 0,7 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,8 0,5 0,5 0,6 CHEMICALS 1,1 1,4 1,5 1,5 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,5 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0, 0 PLASTICS 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 3,7 3,9 4,6 4,6 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 IRON AND STEEL 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 2,2 2,2 2,6 2,5 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 (8) A-63

114 TABLE TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH SOUTH ASIA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN CjL PRODUCTS 1 VO -0,9 0,7 0,1 TRADE : BALANCES (BN ECU) -3,4-4,9-4,1-4,6 0,6 0,3 0,5 0,5 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -0,7 H I -0,9 H 0,1 0,4 H O 1-1,0-1,1-1,1-1,2 1-0,20,2-0,2-0,6-0,8 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -1,1-1,2-1,1-1,5-0,9 MINING PRODUCTS 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1-0,5-0,4-0,4-0,4 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,1-0,1 0,1 0,1-0,1-0,1 -, 1-0,1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,2 0, 0 0,1 0,2 0,1-0,1 0,1 0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 0,1 1,3 0,7-3,6-4,8-4,5-4,6 1,6 1,4 1,6 1,7 O H H 1 CO MACHINERY 2,4 3,0 4,2 3,9 0,8 0,6 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,3 1,4 1,3 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 1,7 2,3 3,3 2,9 0,6 0,4 0,5 0,6 0, 8 0, 9 1,0 1,0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,5 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 0,7 0,5 0,5 0,9 0,4 0,2 0,9 0,6 0,7 0,7 VO AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0, 0 0, 0 0, 8 0,5 0,5 0, 6 CHEMICALS 0,8 1,0 1,0 0,9 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,2 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. -4,1-5,0-4,6-5,2-5,6-6,1-6,5-0,7-0,8-0,7 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING -5,5-6,2-6,2-6,6-3,7-4,2-4,2-4,6-0,5-0,6-0,6-0,6 IRON AND STEEL 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,6-0,1-0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1,5 1,4 1,8 1,6 H I H H VO i VO t CO -1,1-1,1-1,1-0,5-0,7-0,6-0,5 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,1 0,1 H 0,1 ALL PRODUCTS 94 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 56 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 15 MINING PRODUCTS 167 NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS 300 PETROLEUM/PETR.PR 300 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. EXPORTS/IMPORT RATIOS (IN %) MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY 1300 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 950 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 450 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 200 CHEMICALS 367 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 47 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 2 IRON AND STEEL 600 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF OTHER PRODUCTS A-64

115 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH SOUTH ASIA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN LL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 15,7 15,5 14,0 15,0 8,8 10,3 9,0 10,5 42,3 44,8 43,3 46,7 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 12,7 12,9 11,6 12,8 8,8 9,0 7,7 8,1 23,1 27,6 26,7 3 MINING PRODUCTS 2,9 2,6 2,5 2,3 1,5 1,3 1,3 1,2 19,2 17,2 16,7 16,7 NON-FERROUS METALS 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 1,0 0,9 0,8 0,8 0, 0 1,3 0, 0 3,8 3,4 3,3 3,3 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 1, 0 0,9 0,8 0,8 1/3 0, 0 3,8 3,4 3,3 3,3 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 84,3 84,5 85,1 84,2 91,2 88,5 89,7 89,5 53,8 55,2 56,7 53,3 MACHINERY 2,0 2,6 3,3 4,5 1,5 2,6 2,6 2,3 3,3 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0, 0 0, 9 0,8 0,8 0, 0 1/3 1/3 1,2 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 2,0 1/7 1/7 3,0 0, 0 1/3 1/3 1/2 0, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0, 0 0, 9 0,8 0, 8 0, 0 0/ 0 0, 0 1/2 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 2,0 1,7 1,7 2,3 1,3 1,2 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 1/0 0/ 9 0,8 0,8 0/0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 CHEMICALS 2,9 3,4 4,1 4,5 2,9 2,6 2,6 3,5 3,4 3,3 3,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0, 0 0,8 0,8 0/0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 0, 0 0,8 0,8 0, 0 0/0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 76,5 76,7 76,0 73,7 86,8 83,3 84,6 82,6 53,8 51,7 53,3 5 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 54, 9 54,3 52, 9 51,1 54,4 53/8 53,8 53,5 23,1 24,1 23,3 23,3 IRON AND STEEL 1,0 0,9 0,8 0,8 1/5 1/3 1/3 1/2 3,8 3,4 3,3 3,3 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0, 0 0, 0 0/0 O, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 6,9 6,9 6,6 6,8 17, 6 15/4 15,4 14,0 23,1 24,1 23,3 2 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,8 0,8 LL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 9,4 7,5 6,3 7,5 20,6 27,6 29,7 2 3,1 6,3 5,7 5,7 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 2,1 2,8 2,3 1,5 14,7 17,2 21,6 12,5 MINING PRODUCTS 5,2 3,7 3,1 4,5 5,9 6,9 5,4 5,0 3,1 2,9 2,9 NON-FERROUS METALS 1/ 0, 9 0,8 1/5 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 3/1 0,9 1/6 2,2 2, 9 2,7 2,5 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 3/1 0,9 1/6 2,2 2, 9 2,7 2,5 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 1,0 0,9 0,8 0,7 2,9 3,4 2,7 2,5 3,1 3,1 2,9 2,9 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 90,6 91,6 90,6 88,8 76,5 72,4 67,6 77,5 93,8 93,8 94,3 94,3 MACHINERY 27,1 30,8 35,9 33,6 26,5 27,6 29,7 3 34,4 40,6 4 4 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 3,1 3,7 3/9 3,7 5,9 6/9 8,1 10, 0 3,1 6/3 5,7 5,7 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 19,8 23,4 27,3 24,6 17,6 17,2 16, 2 17,5 25,0 28,1 28,6 28,6 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 3,1 3,7 4,7 4,5 2,9 3,4 2,7 2,5 6,3 6,3 5,7 5,7 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 9,4 10,3 5,5 6,0 26,5 13,8 8,1 17,5 28,1 18,8 2 2 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 2,1 1/9 1/6 2,2 0, 0 0, 0 25, 0 15,6 14,3 17,1 CHEMICALS 11,5 13,1 11,7 11,2 14,7 17,2 16,2 12,5 9,4 9,4 11,4 11,4 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 2,1 2,8 2/3 2,2 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 2,1 1/9 1/6 1/5 2,9 3,4 2,7 2,5 3,1 3,1 2,9 2,9 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 38,5 36,4 35,9 34,3 8,8 13,8 13,5 15,0 21,9 21,9 22,9 22,9 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 1/ 0,9 1/6 1/5 0, 0 3,1 3,1 2,9 2, 9 IRON AND STEEL 6/3 5,6 5,5 5/2 0, 0 2,7 2,5 6,3 9,4 8,6 8,6 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 1,0 1/ 9 1/6 2,2 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 22, 9 20, 6 20, 3 18, 7 2, 9 3,4 2,7 2,5 3,1 0, 0 2,9 2,9 OTHER PRODUCTS 1,0 0,9 2,3 3,0 2,9 3,4 2,7 2,5 A-65

116 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH SOUTH ASIA, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS 'GROWTH RATES (IN %) [il PRODUCTS 2 13,7 4,3 9,9 28,3 14,7 10,3 18,2 11,5 3,4 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 14,3 12,5-5,6 17,6 33,3-12,5 28,6 1 18,2 7,7 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 18,2 15,4-6,7 21,4 5 16,7-14,3 16,7 2 33,3 12,5 MINING PRODUCTS 5 NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS 0, 0 0, 0 0, PETROLEUM/PETR. PR , 0 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 21,1 14,0 5,1 8,7 31,9 11,3 1,4 1 16,7 14,3 6,2-5,9 MACHINERY 5 33, OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 100, 0 0, 0 10 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 5 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0, 0 CHEMICALS 33,3 25, MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 2 14,1 3,4 6,5 31,1 10,2 1,5 7,6 27,3 7,1 6,7-6,3 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 21, 7 12,5 1,6 6,2 23,3 13,5 9,5 20, 0 16, 7 IRON AND STEEL 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 16, 7 14,3 0, 0 12,5 50, 0 20, 0 16, 7-14,3 OTHER PRODUCTS EXPORTS igrowth RATES (IN %) [ L PRODUCTS 18,5 11,5 19,6 4,7 41,7-14,7 27,6 8,1 18,5 9,4 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -11,1 25,0-12,5 14,3 37,5-27,3 10 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 5-33,3 6-37,5 MINING PRODUCTS -2 5 NON-FERROUS METALS 0, 0 0, 0 100, 0 FUELS -66, 7 100, PETROLEUM/PETR. PR -66, , 0 0, 0-10 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 20,8 12,6 18,4 2,6 62,5-19,2 19,0 24,0 2 1 MACHINERY 13,0 26,9 39,4-2,2 8-11,1 37,5 9,1 18,2 7,7 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 33,3 25, 0 100, 0 50, 0 33,3 100, 0 0, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 11,8 31,6 40, 0-5,7 100, 0-16, ,7 12,5 11,1 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 33,3 50, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 28,6 22,2-36,4 14, ,6-25,0 133,3 5-33,3 16,7 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 100, , 0-37,5 0, 0 20, 0 CHEMICALS 27,3 7,1 2-16,7 33,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 50, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 100, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 27,6 5,4 17,9 33,3 25,0 2 16,7 14,3 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0, 0 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 20, 0 0, 0 16,7 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 5 0, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 10 50, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 46,7 18,2-3,8-10 OTHER PRODUCTS 20 33,3 A-66

117 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH THE GULF STATES, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES IMPORTS (BN ECU) ALL PRODUCTS ,1 11,5 13,0 10,1 9,5 8,8 9,9 20,4 20,2 21,0 24,1 PRIMARY PRODUCTS ,2 9,0 10,4 9,4 8,6 7,7 8,7 20,1 19,8 20,6 23,9 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 MINING PRODUCTS 10,7 9,2 8,9 10,3 9,4 8,6 7,7 8,7 20,1 19,8 20,6 23,9 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,1 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,3 FUELS 10,6 9,1 8,8 10,2 9,3 8,6 7,7 8,6 19,8 19,5 20,3 23,5 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 10,4 8,9 8,6 1 9,2 8,4 7,6 8,6 17,7 17,4 17,8 20,8 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 1# 9 1,8 2,3 2,2 0,6 0,8 0,9 1,0 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,2 MACHINERY 0,6 0,5 0,6 0,7 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0,4 0,3 0,4 0,4 0, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 0,3 0,2 0,5 0,3 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0, 0 0, 0 CHEMICALS 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,4 0,2 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,2 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 0,7 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,5 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF OTHER PRODUCTS 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 EXPORTS (BN ECU) ALL PRODUCTS 20,5 2 21,0 22,9 9,3 8,2 7,9 1 7,7 6,2 5,0 5,7 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 3,0 3,2 2,8 3,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 0,1 0,1 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 2,3 2,6 2,2 2,6 1,1 1,0 1,0 0,9 MINING PRODUCTS 0,7 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,3 0,4 0,3 0,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 FUELS 0,2.0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0,1, 1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS r- H H 16,5 VO H CO 17,1 7,6 6,5 6,2 8,4 7,6 6,1 5,0 5,6 MACHINERY 5,3 5,0 5,4 5,9 2,4 2,0 2,0 2,2 2,1 1,9 1,6 1,7 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,7 0,7 1,0 0,9 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,8 0,7 0,5 0,5 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 3,3 3,1 3,2 3,5 1,7 1,4 1,3 1,6 0, 9 0,8 0,8 0,8 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,4 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,2 0,4 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 3,3 3,0 3,1 2,6 3,1 2,1 1,6 3,4 3,6 2,8 2,0 2,4 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 1,3 1,3 1,1 1,3 2,0 1,4 1,1 1,6 3,2 2,6 1,9 2,3 CHEMICALS 2,3 2,2 2,2 2,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,7 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 0,4 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 6,1 5,9 5,7 6,0 1,6 2,0 2,2 2,4 1,8 1,4 1,3 1,4 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,3 IRON AND STEEL 0,7 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,6 0,7 0,6 0,7 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,4 0,3 1,4 2,4 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,4 0,1 A-67

118 TABLE TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH THE GULF STATES, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS 7,7 8,9 9,5 9,9-7,8-6,0-6,2-7,2 TRADE BALANCES (BN ECU) -0,8-1,3-0,9 0,1-12,7-14,0-16,0-18,4-8,2-7,4-6,5-7, ,8-20,6-23,8 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 2,2 2,5 2,1 2,5 1,1 1,0 1,0 0,9 MINING PRODUCTS -1-8,7-8,4-9,7-9,2-8,4-7,5-8,5-20,1-19,8-20,6-23,9 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,3 0,4 0,2 0,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1-0,3-0,3-0,2-0,3 FUELS -10,4-9,0-8,7-10,1-9,2-8,6-7,6-8,5-19,8-19,5-20,3-23,5 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR -10,2-8,8-8,5-9,9-9,1-8,4-7,5-8,5-17,7-17,4-17,8-20,8 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 15,2 14,7 14,5 14,! 7.0 5,7 5, ,4 5,8 4,7 5,4 MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 4,7 4,5 5,: 0,5 0/5 0,8 0,' 2,9 2/8 2,8 3,: 1/1 1/1 1/1 i/: 3,0 2,8 2,6 2,: 1/3 1/3 1/1 i/i 1/9 1,8 1,7 2,1 0/7 0/6 0,6 0/1 0/2 0/1 0,2,: 5,3 5,0 5,: 'H1 in 00 0,5 0,6 0,6,< 0,7 0,6 0,7 0,1 0/3 0,3 0,4 0,' 0/6 0,7 0,6, 2,4 0,4 1/7 0, ,0 0,2 0,1 0, ,1 0,1 0,1 2,0 0,4 1/4 0/3 2,1 1/4 0/1 0/1 1/6-0,1 0,1 0,1 2,0 0,4 1/3 0/3 1,6 1,1 0,1 1,8-0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 2,2 0,3 1/6 0/ /6-0,1 0, 0 0,1 1/9-0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 2,1 0, 8 0, 9 0,4 3,6 3,2-0,1 0, 0 1/8 0,5 0,3 0,1 1/9 0,7 0,8 0,4 2,8 2,6-0,2 0, 0 1/4 0,4 0,3 0,1 1,6 0,5 0,8 0,2 2,0 1/ 9-0,2 0, 0 0, 0 1,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 1/7 0,5 0, 8 0,4 2/4 2,3-0,1 0, 0 1/4 0,3 0,3 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,3 0,2 1/2 2,1 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,2-0,1-0,1 0,1 EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF OTHER PRODUCTS A-68

119 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH THE GULF STATES, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN CiL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 84,4 82,9 78,3 8 93,1 90,5 87,5 87,9 98,5 98,0 98,1 99,2 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 0,8 0,9 0,9 0,8 MINING PRODUCTS 83,6 82,9 77,4 79,2 93,1 90,5 87,5 87,9 98,5 98,0 98,1 99,2 NON-FERROUS METALS 0, 0 0, 9 0, 0 1,5 1,5 1/0 1,2 FUELS 82,8 82, 0 76,5 78,5 92,1 90,5 87,5 86, 9 97,1 96,5 96,7 97,5 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 81, 3 80,2 74,8 76,9 91,1 88,4 86,4 86, 9 86,8 86,1 84, 8 86,3 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 14,8 16,2 2 16,9 5,9 8,4 10,2 10,1 1,0 1,5 1,4 0,8 MACHINERY 4,7 4,5 5,2 5,4 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 1,6 1,8 1,7 1,5 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 3,1 2,7 3,5 3,1 0, 0 0, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0, 8 0, 9 0,9 0,8 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 2,3 1,8 4,3 2,3 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 CHEMICALS 3,1 3,6 4,3 3,1 2,0 4,2 4,5 5,1 1/0 1,5 1,4 0,8 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 1,6 1,8 1,7 1,5 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 5,5 5,4 6,1 6,2 4,0 4,2 4,5 5,1 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 2,3 1,8 1,7 1,5 4,0 4,2 4,5 4,0 IRON AND STEEL 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,8 0,9 1,7 3,1 1,0 1,1 2,3 2,0 0,5 0,5 LL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 14,6 16,0 13,3 14,0 12,9 14,6 15,2 12,0 1/3 1,8 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 11,2 13,0 10,5 11,4 11,8 12,2 12,7 9,0 MINING PRODUCTS 3,4 2,5 2,4 2,6 2,2 2,4 2,5 2,0 NON-FERROUS METALS 1,5 2,0 1,4 1,7 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 1,0 0,5 0,5 0,4 1/1 1,3 1,0 0, 0 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 1, 0 0,5 0,5 0,4 1,1 0, 0 1,3 1, 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 83,4 82, ,7 81,7 79,3 78,5 84,0 98,7 98, ,2 MACHINERY 25,9 25,0 25,7 25,8 25,8 24,4 25,3 22,0 27,3 30,6 32,0 29,8 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 3,4 3,5 4,8 3,9 4,3 4,9 5,1 3,0 10,4 11,3 10, 0 8,8 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 16,1 15,5 15,2 15,3 18,3 17,1 16,5 16, 0 11, 7 12, 9 16, 0 14, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 5,9 6,0 5,7 6,1 3,2 3,7 3,8 3,0 5,2 6,5 4,0 7,0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 16,1 15,0 14,8 11,4 33,3 25,6 20,3 34,0 46,8 45,2 4 42,1 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 6,3 6,5 5,2 5,7 21,5 17,1 13,9 16, 0 41, 6 41, 9 38, 0 40,4 CHEMICALS 11,2 11,0 10,5 10,5 4,3 4,9 5,1 4,0 1,3 1,6 2,0 1,8 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 3,4 3,0 2,9 2,6 1,1 1,2 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 2,0 1,5 1, 9 1,7 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 29,8 29,5 27,1 26,2 17,2 24,4 27,8 24,0 23,4 22,6 26,0 24,6 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 3,9 4,0 3,8 3,5 3,2 3,7 2,5 2, 0 6,5 6,5 6,0 5,3 IRON AND STEEL 3,4 3,0 3,3 3,5 0, 0 1,3 1,0 3,9 4,8 6,0 5,3 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 1,5 1,5 1, 9 1,7 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 2, 9 3,5 2,9 3,1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,0 1,3 1/6 2,0 OTHER PRODUCTS 2,0 1,5 6,7 10,5 5,4 6,1 6,3 4,0 1,8 A-69

120 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH THE GULF STATES, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) LL PRODUCTS -1,5-13,3 3,6 13,0 2,0-5,9-7,4 12,5 3,0-1,0 4,0 14,8 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -4,4-14,8-2,2 15,6-8,5-10,5 13,0 2,6-1,5 4,0 16,0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS -4,5-14,0-3,3 15,7-8,5-10,5 13,0 2,6-1,5 4,0 16,0 NON-FERROUS METALS , 0 0, 0-33,3 50, 0 FUELS -5,4-14,2-3,3 15, 9-1/1-7,5-10,5 11,7 2,1-1/5 4,1 15, 8 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR -4,6-14,4-3,4 16,3-1/1-8,7-9,5 13,2 2,3 "1,7 2,3 16, 9 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 11,8-5,3 27,8-4,3 5 33,3 12,5 11,1 5-33,3 MACHINERY -16,7 2 16,7 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0, 0 0, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 33,3-25, 0 33, 3 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT -33, AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS 33,3 25, ,0 5-33,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS 100, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 16,7-14,3 16,7 14,3 33,3 25,0 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 50, 0-33,3 33,3 IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF OTHER PRODUCTS EXPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) EiL PRODUCTS 6,2-2,4 5,0 9,0 6,9-11,8-3,7 26,6 2,7-19,5-19,4 14,0 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 11,1 6,7-12,5 14, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 13,0-15,4 18,2 37,5-9,1-1 MINING PRODUCTS 75,0-28, NON-FERROUS METALS 50, 0 33,3-25, 0 33,3 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 100, 0-5 0, 0-10 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR , , 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 7,5-3,5 1,8 1,8 4,1-14,5-4,6 35,5 2,7-19,7-18,0 12,0 MACHINERY 12,8-5,7 8,0 9,3 9,1-16,7 1-9,5-15,8 6,2 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0, 0 0, 0 42, 9-10, 0 33,3 0, 0-25, 0 14,3-12, 5-28,6 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 10, 0-6,1 3,2 9,4 6,2-17,6-7,1 23,1 0, 0-11/1 0, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 2 16,7 0, 0 0, 0-50, 0 100, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT -9,1 3,3-16,1-32,3-23,8 112,5 9,1-22,2-28,6 2 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS -7,1-15,4 18, ,4 45,5-18, 8-26, 9 21,1 CHEMICALS 15,0-4,3 9,1 33,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 16,7-14,3-10 PLASTICS 33,3-25, 0 33,3 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 7,0-3,3-3,4 5,3 25,0 1 9,1-5,3-22,2-7,1 7,7 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0-33,3-20, 0-25, 0 IRON AND STEEL 16,7-14,3 16, 7 14, , 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0, 0 33,3 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0, 0 16,7-14,3 16,7 0, 0-10 OTHER PRODUCTS -33,3-25,0 366,7 71,4 25,0-2 A-70

121 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH ACP, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS (BN ECU) ALL PRODUCTS 15,8 18,1 19,9 22,0 14,2 13,7 13,3 15,9 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 12,3 14,4 14,4 15,8 10,4 9,5 9,0 11,5 1,9 1,9 1,8 1,8 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT ,8 0, ,8 6,6 0, ,8 5,6 0, ,9 7,0 0, , ,1 8,8 8,8 1,1 8,4 0,1 7, 9 7, 9 1,0 8,0 0, ,4 10,1 0, ,1 0,8 0,3 0,3 0,3 1,2 0,6 0,2 0,1 0,1 1,1 0,8 0,3 0,2 0,2 1,2 0,7 0,3 0,2 0,2 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 3,4 3,6 5,0 5, ,9 4,0 4,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 MACHINERY 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,3 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,1 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 0,3 0,3 0,9 1,3 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,2 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 2,7 2,9 3,6 3,9 2,9 3,2 3,3 3,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,9 2,0 2,2 2,2 2,2 IRON AND STEEL 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1,5 1,5 2,1 2,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,4 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,2 EXPORTS (BN ECU) ALL PRODUCTS 16,5 14,4 17,6 18,6 7,2 7,2 7,6 8,4 4,5 4,1 3,3 3,0 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 3,1 3,0 3,2 3,4 1,8 1,7 1,9 2,1 0,1 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 2,4 2,2 2,4 2,5 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,6 MINING PRODUCTS 0,5 0,7 0,6 0,7 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 13,2 11,2 14,0 14,7 4,9 5,0 5,3 5,9 4,4 4,0 3,3 3,0 MACHINERY 3,4 3,2 3,6 3,9 1,6 1,5 1,7 1,9 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 2,3 2,1 2,4 2,5 1/0 1/ 1/1 1/3 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,6 0,5 0,6 0,6 0/3 0/3 0/3 0/3 0 /1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 4,0 2,8 4,7 4,6 0,6 0,8 0,6 0,7 3,6 3,3 2,6 2,4 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 1,2 1/1 1/3 1,3 0,3 0/4 0,3 0/4 1/1 0,9 1/ 1/0 CHEMICALS 2,0 1,9 2,0 2,2 0,5 0,5 0,7 0,7 0,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,6 0/5 0,6 0/7 0,1 0/1 0, 0 PLASTICS 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,1 0/1 0,2 0,2 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 3,7 3,2 3,7 4,0 2,2 2,2 2,4 2,5 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,3 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,6 0,4 0,5 0,5 1/1 1/1 1/2 1/3 0, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0,2 0,1, 1 0,1 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0/1 0/1 0,2 0,2 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,5 0/1 0/1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 (9) A-71

122 TABLE TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH ACP, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN TRADE BALANCES (BN ECU) ALL PRODUCTS 0,7-3,7-2,3-3,4-7,0-6,5-5,7-7,5 2,5 2,1 1,3 1,0 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -9,2-11,4-11,2-12,4-8,6-7,8-7,1-9,4-1,8-1,9-1,8-1,8 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -4,0-5,6-6,4-6,4 0,4 0,3 0,5 0,2-1,1-1,2-1,1-1,2 MINING PRODUCTS -5,3-5,9-5,0-6,3-9,1-8,1-7,7-9,7-0,8-0,6-0,8-0,7 NON-FERROUS METALS -0,4-0,4-0,4-0,3-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,3-0,2-0,3-0,3 FUELS -4,1-4,6-3,6-4,9-8,5-7,6-7,2-9,3-0,3-0,1-0,2-0,2 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR -4,1-4,6-3,6-4,9-8,5-7,6-7,2-9,3-0,3-0,1-0,2-0,2 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,20,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 9,8 7,6 9,1 1,4 1,1 1,3 4,3 3,9 3,2 2,9 MACHINERY 3,3 3,1 3,5 3,7 1,4 1,2 1,5 1,6 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,3 0/3 0/3 0,3 0,1 0/1 0/1 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 2,2 2,0 2,3 2/4 1/0 1,0 1/1 1/3 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,6 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,1 0/1 0/1 0,1 0/1 0/1 0/1 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 3,7 2,5 3,8 3,3 0,6 0,8 0,6 0,7 3,6 3,3 2,6 2,4 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 1,2 1/1 1/3 1/3 0/3 0,4 0,3 0,4 1/1 0,9 1,0 1/0 CHEMICALS 1,7 1,6 1,6 2,0 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,6 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,1 0/1 0/0 0, 0* PLASTICS 0,3 0,3 0/4 0,4 0,1 0/1 0,2 0,2 0/0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 1,0 0,3 0,1 0,1-0,7-1,0-0,9-0,9 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING -0,2-0,4-0,3-0,4-0, 9-1/1-1,0-0,9 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3 0/0-0,1 0/1 0/1 0, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,3 0/3 0,3 0,3 0/1 0/1 0,2 0,2 0, 0 0/0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF -1/1-1/2-1/8-1/8-0,1-0/1-0,1-0,1 0, 0 0/0 OTHER PRODUCTS - 0,2-0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,2 EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN %) ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 600 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF OTHER PRODUCTS A-72

123 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH ACP, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN LL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 77,8 79,6 72,4 71,8 73,2 69,3 67,7 72,3 95,0 95,0 9 \ AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 40,5 43,1 44,2 40,5 7,0 8,0 7,5 8,8 6 55,0 6 MINING PRODUCTS 36,7 36,5 28,1 31,8 66,2 61,3 60,2 63, ,0 NON-FERROUS METALS 3,2 2,8 2,5 1, 8 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,6 15, 0 10, 0 15, 0 15, 0 FUELS 28,5 28,2 20, 6 25,0 62, 0 57,7 56,4 60,4 15, 0 5, 0 10, 0 10, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 28,5 28,2 20, 6 25, 0 62, 0 57,7 56,4 60,4 15, 0 5,0 10, 0 10, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. in in MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 21,5 19,9 25,1 25,5 24,6 28,5 30,1 25,8 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 MACHINERY 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,9 1,4 2,2 1,5 1,9 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,6 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,5 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0, 0 0, 0 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,3 0, 0 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 1,9 1,7 4,5 5,9 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 CHEMICALS 1,9 1,7 2,0 0,9 2,8 2,9 3,8 3,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 17,1 16,0 18,1 17,7 20,4 23,4 24,8 21,4 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 5,1 4,4 4,0 4,1 14,1 16,1 16,5 13, 8 0, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 0,6 0,6 1,0 0,9 0,7 0,7 0,8 1,3 5, 0 0, 0 5, 0 5, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 9,5 8,3 10, 6 10, 5 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,3 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 1,3 1,1 2,5 1,8 1,4 2,2 1,5 1,3 LL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 18,8 20,8 18,2 18,3 25,0 23,6 25,0 25,0 2,2 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 14,5 15,3 13,6 13,4 19,4 19,4 19,7 19,0 MINING PRODUCTS 3,0 4,9 3,4 3,8 4,2 4,2 3,9 4,8 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,6 0,7 0,6 0,5 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 2,4 3,5 2,8 3,2 4,2 4,2 3,9 3,6 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 2,4 3,5 2,8 3,2 4,2 4,2 3,9 3,6 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 1,2 1,4 1,1 1,1 1,4 1,4 1,3 1,2 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 8 77,8 79,5 79,0 68,1 69,4 69,7 70,2 97,8 97, MACHINERY 20,6 22,2 20,5 21,0 22,2 20,8 22,4 22,6 8,9 9,8 9,1 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 3,6 4,2 3,4 3,8 4,2 4,2 3,9 3,6 2,2 2,4 3,0 0, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 13, 9 14,6 13, 6 13,4 13, 9 13, 9 14,5 15,5 6,7 4,9 6,1 6,7 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 3,6 3,5 3,4 3,2 4,2 4,2 3,9 3,6 2,2 2,4 3,0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 24,2 19,4 26,7 24,7 8,3 11,1 7,9 8,3 8 80,5 78,8 8 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 7,3 7,6 7,4 7,0 4,2 5,6 3,9 4,8 24,4 22, 0 30,3 33,3 CHEMICALS 12,1 13,2 11,4 11,8 6,9 6,9 9,2 8,3 2,2 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 3,6 3,5 3,4 3,8 1,4 1,4 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 1,8 2,1 2,3 2,2 1,4 1,4 2,6 2,4 t t t H OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 22,4 21,0 21,5 30,6 30,6 31,6 29,8 8,9 7,3 9,1 1 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 3,6 2,8 2,8 2,7 15,3 15,3 15, 8 15,5 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 3,0 3,5 2,8 2,7 1,4 1,4 1,3 1,2 4,4 2,4 3,0 3,3 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 1, 8 2,1 1,7 1,6 1,4 1,4 2,6 2,4 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 2,4 2,1 1,7 2,7 1,4 1,4 1,3 1,2 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 1,4 1,7 1,6 5,6 5,6 5,3 4,8 A-73

124 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH ACP, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) jl PRODUCTS -11,7 14,6 9,9 10,6 14,5-3,5-2,9 19,5 42,9 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -14,0 17,1 9,7 10,6-8,7-5,3 27,8 46,2-5,3 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 21,9 12,8 1,1 11,1 1-9, ,1 9,1-8,3 9,1 MINING PRODUCTS -26,6 13,8-15,2 25,0 10,6-10,6-4,8 26,2 33,3-25,0 33,3-12,5 NON-FERROUS METALS -28, 6 0, 0-20, 0 0, 0 0, 0-33,3 50, 0 FUELS -28,6 13,3-19,6 34,1 11,4-10,2-5,1 28, 0 200, 0-66,7 100, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR -27,4 13,3-19,6 34,1 11,4-10,2-5,1 28, ,7 100, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 3,0 5,9 38,9 12,0 25,0 11,4 2,6 2,5 MACHINERY ,3 5 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP - 10 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0, 0 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 20 44,4 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS 33,3-5 25,0 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 3,8 7,4 24,1 8,3 31,8 10,3 3,1 3,0 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 14,3 0, 0 0, 0 12,5 33,3 1 0, 0 IRON AND STEEL 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0 100, 0-100, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 7,1 0, 0 40, 0 9,5 100, 0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS -33, ,3-10 EXPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) [il PRODUCTS -3,5-12,7 22,2 5,7 12,5 5,6 10,5 28,6-8,9-19,5-9,1 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -3,2 6,7 6,2 12,5-5,6 11,8 10,5 10 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -4,0-8,3 9,1 4,2 7,7 7,1 6,7 MINING PRODUCTS 25,0 4-14,3 16,7 33,3 NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS 33,3 25,0 2 50, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 33,3 25,0 0, 0 20, 0 5 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS -3,6-15,2 25,0 5,0 11,4 2,0 6,0 11,3 29,4-9,1-17,5-9,1 MACHINERY -5,6-5,9 12,5 8,3 14,3-6,3 13,3 11,8-25,0 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0, 0 16, 7 50, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0-10 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH -4,2-8,7 14, 3 4,2 11,1 10, 0 18,2 50, 0-33,3 0, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU -16,7 20, 0 0, 0 50, 0 0, 0 0, 0-10 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 2,6-3 67,9-2,1-25,0 33,3-25,0 16,7 38,5-8,3-21,2-7,7 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS -20, 0-8,3 18,2 0, 0 0, 0 33,3-25, 0 33,3 1-18,2 11,1 CHEMICALS -4,8-5,0 5, MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0, 0-16,7 20, 0 16,7 0, 0-10 PLASTICS 33,3 0, 0 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. -7,5-13,5 15,6 8,1 29,4 9,1 4,2-25,0 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING -33,3 25, 0 0, 0 37,5 9,1 8,3 IRON AND STEEL -16,7 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0-50, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 100, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF -25,0 0, 0 66,7 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 5 A-74

125 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH OPEC, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN jl PRODUCTS 41,9 40,5 40,1 46,3 IMPORTS (BN ECU) 30,5 30,3 30,5 37,0 32,1 32,0 32,8 37,2 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 34,4 32,7 31,6 37,3 25,9 24,7 24,7 30,2 29,2 28,8 29,5 33,4 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 2,7 3,4 3,4 3,5 1,9 2,3 2,4 2,6 1,5 1,9 1,9 2,0 MINING PRODUCTS 31,7 29,2 28,2 33,7 24,0 22,3 22,2 27,6 27,7 27,0 27,6 31,4 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,5 FUELS 31,2 28,6 27,4 32,7 23,5 21, 8 21, 8 27,1 26,6 25,7 26,0 30,2 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 28,8 26,5 26,1 30,4 23,1 21,4 21, 5 26,6 21,1 20,4 20,4 23,7 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,1 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 6,4 6,9 8,1 8,5 4,4 5,3 5,6 6,5 2,8 3,1 3,3 3,7 MACHINERY 0,9 0,9 1,1 1,2 0,6 0,9 1,0 1,3 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,5 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,5 0,7 0,8 1, 0,1 0,1 0,3 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0,4 0,3 0,4 0,5 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0,1 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 0,3 0,2 1,1 1,0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0, 0 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 CHEMICALS 0,6 0,8 1,0 0,9 0,3 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,4 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 4,5 4,9 5,0 5,3 3,5 3,8 3,8 4,3 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,8 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 2,3 2,5 2,2 2,2 1/4 1/4 1,4 1,6 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 IRON AND STEEL 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2 0/3 0,2 0,3 0, 0 0,1 0, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0, 0 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 1,0 0,4 0,5 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 LiL PRODUCTS 42,0 37,5 40,3 43,3 EXPORTS (BN ECU) 17,6 16,0 16,0 18,5 14,7 13,9 13,6 13,7 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 6,3 6,1 6,1 5,9 3,0 3,0 3,4 3,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 4,5 4,6 4,5 4,4 2,3 2,3 2,5 2,4 0,1 0,1 MINING PRODUCTS 1,6 1,3 1,3 1,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0, 0 0,1 0,1 FUELS 0,8 0,6 0,5 0,6 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,8 0,6 0,5 0,5 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0, 0 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 35,0 30,9 32,4 34,0 14,0 12,4 12,0 14,8 14,3 13,5 13,2 13,2 MACHINERY 13,5 11,3 11,8 13,3 5,6 4,9 4,9 5,5 5,2 5,1 5,0 5,0 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 1,6 1,6 1, 9 2,1 1,1 0, 9 1/1 1/1 1/2 1,1 1, 1,1 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 9,2 7,4 7,7 8,6 3,8 3,5 3,2 3,9 2/9 3,1 3,2 3,1 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 2,6 2,3 2,3 2,5 0,6 0,5 0,5 0,5 1/1 0,8 0,8 0,9 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 5,5 4,5 5,4 4,9 4,3 3,0 2,3 4,3 5,0 4,6 4,3 4,2 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 2,7 2,6 2,3 2,6 2,5 1,7 1,4 2,0 4,3 4,0 3,7 3,5 CHEMICALS 5,1 5,0 5,1 5,1 1,5 1,4 1,6 1,5 0,7 0,9 1,0 0,9 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 PLASTICS 0, 9 0,8 0,9 0,8 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 10,4 9,3 9,3 10,2 2,6 3,0 3,3 3,5 3,4 3,0 3,0 3,1 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 1,2 1,1 1,1 1,2 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,4 IRON AND STEEL 2,0 1,7 1,7 1,9 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 1,1 0,9 1,1 1,0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,6 0,6 0,8 0,7 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,1 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1, 1,1 1,0 1, 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 O,1 0,1 0,1 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,7 0,5 1,7 2,9 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 A-75

126 TABLE TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH OPEC, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES ALL PRODUCTS 0,1-3,0 0,2-3,0 TRADE BALANCES (BN ECU) -12,9-14,3-14,5-18,5-17,4-18,1-19,2-23,5 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -28,1-26,6-25,5-31,4-22,9-21,7-21,3-27,0-28,9-28,5-29,2-33,1 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 1,8 1,2 1,1 0,9-30,1-27,9-26,9-32,4 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,2-30,4-28,0-26,9-32,1-28,0-25,9-25,6-29,9 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,4 0,1-0,2-23,6-21,9-21,7-27,1-23,3-21,6-21,6-26,9-22,9-21,2-21,3-26,4 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,3-1,4-1,8-1,9-2,0-27,6-26,9-27,5-31,3-0,4-0,6-0,6-0,4-26,6-25,7-26,0-30,2-21,1-20,4-20,4-23,7 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 28,6 24,0 24,3 25,5 9,6 7,1 6,4 11,5 10,4 9,9 9,5 MACHINERY 12,6 10,4 10,7 12,1 5,0 4,0 3,9 4,2 5,1 5,0 4,7 4,5 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 1,2 1/1 1/4 1/5 0,6 0,2 0,3 0,1 1/2 1/ 0,9 0,8 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 8,8 7,1 7/3 8,1 3,8 3,4 3,1 3,8 2/9 3,1 3,1 3,0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 2,5 2,2 2,2 2,4 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,4 1/1 0,7 0,7 0,8 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 5,2 4,3 4,3 3,9 4,2 2,9 2,2 4,2 5,0 4,6 4,3 4,2 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 2,7 2,6 2,3 2,6 2,4 1/6 1/3 1/9 4,3 4,0 3,7 3,5 CHEMICALS 4,5 4,2 4,1 4,2 1,2 0,8 0,9 0,7 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,5 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 1/3 1/4 1/4 1/2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 PLASTICS 0,7 0,6 0/7 0,5 0,3 0/3 0,4 0/4 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 5,9 4,4 4,3 4,9-0,9-0,8-0,5-0,8 1,0 0,5 0,5 0,3 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING -1/1-1,4-1/1-1/0-1/0-1/0-1,1-1,3 0,2-0,1-0,2 IRON AND STEEL 1/9 1/6 1/5 1/ 8-0,1 0,1 0, 0 1/1 0,9 1/0 1,0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,6 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0, 9 1/0 0,9 0,9 0, 0-0,1-0,1 0,1 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS -0,5-0,5 1,3 2,4 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,2 ALL PRODUCTS EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF OTHER PRODUCTS A-76

127 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH OPEC, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN LL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE1OF IMPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 82,1 80,7 78,8 80,6 84,9 81,5 81,0 81,6 91,0 9 89,9 89,8 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 6,4 8,4 8,5 7,6 6,2 7,6 7,9 7,0 4,7 5,9 5,8 5,4 MINING PRODUCTS 75,7 72,1 70,3 72,8 78,7 73,6 72,8 74,6 86,3 84,4 84,1 84,4 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,2 0/5 0,7 0,6 0,3 0/7 0,7 0,5 1,6 1/9 2,1 1/3 FUELS 74,5 70/6 68,3 70,6 77, 0 71/ 9 71, 5 73,2 82, 9 80,3 79,3 81,2 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 68,7 65/4 65,1 65,7 75,7 70/6 70,5 71, 9 65,7 63, 7 62,2 63,7 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,2 0,2 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 15,3 17,0 20,2 18,4 14,4 17,5 18,4 17,6 8,7 9,7 10,1 9,9 MACHINERY 2,1 2,2 2,7 2,6 2,0 3,0 3,3 3,5 0,3 0,3 0,9 1,3 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 1,0 1/2 1/2 1/3 1/6 2/3 2,6 2,7 0, 0 0,3 0,3 0,8 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 1/0 0/7 1/0 1/1 0/3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,2 0/2 0/2 0,2 0,3 0/3 0,3 0,3 0, 0 0,3 0,3 0,3 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 0,7 0,5 2,7 2,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0, 0 0/ 0 0/ 0 0,3 0/3 0,3 0,3 0, 0 0, 0 CHEMICALS 1,4 2,0 2,5 1,9 1,0 2,0 2,3 2,2 0,9 1,3 1,5 1,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0, 0 0/0 0/ 0 0/ 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 0,5 0/5 0,5 0,6 0, 0 0/0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 10,7 12,1 12,5 11,4 11,5 12,5 12,5 11,6 7,5 7,8 7,6 7,5 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 5,5 6/2 5,5 4,8 4,6 4/6 4,6 4,3 1/2 1,6 1/5 1/6 IRON AND STEEL 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,2 0,7 1/ 0,7 0,8 0/ 0 0, 0 0,3 0, 0 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,2 0,2 0/ 0 0,3 0,3 0/0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0/3 0,7 0,5 0/3 0,3 0,3 0,3 OTHER PRODUCTS 2,9 2,5 1,0 1,1 0,7 1,0 1,0 0,8 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 LL PRODUCTS STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS (IN %) PRIMARY PRODUCTS 15,0 16,3 15,1 13,6 17,0 18,8 21,3 17,3 2,0 2,2 2,2 2,2 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 10,7 12,3 11,2 10,2 13,1 14,4 15,6 13,0 0,7 0,7 MINING PRODUCTS 3,8 3,5 3,2 3,0 2,3 2,5 3,1 2,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 NON-FERROUS METALS 1/2 1,3 1/2 1/2 0,6 1/3 1/3 1/1 0/7 0, 0 0,7 0,7 FUELS 1/ 9 1,6 1/2 1/4 1/1 1/3 1,3 1/1 0/0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 1/ 9 1/6 1/2 1,2 1/1 1/3 1/3 1,1 0/ 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 1,1 1,9 2,5 1,6 0,7 0,7 1,5 1,5 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 83,3 82,4 80,4 78,5 79,5 77,5 75,0 8 97,3 97,1 97,1 96,4 MACHINERY 32,1 30,1 29,3 30,7 30,6 30,6 29,7 35,4 36,7 36,8 36,5 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 3,8 4/3 4,7 4,8 6/3 5/6 6,9 5,9 8/2 7,9 7,4 8,0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 21, 9 19,7 19,1 19, 9 21,6 21, 9 20, 0 21,1 19,7 22,3 23,5 22,6 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 6,2 6,1 5,7 5,8 3,4 3,1 3,1 2,7 7,5 5,8 5,9 6,6 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 13,1 12,0 13,4 11,3 24,4 18,8 14,4 23,2 34,0 33,1 31,6 30,7 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 6,4 6,9 5,7 6,0 14,2 10,6 8,8 3.0, 8 29,3 28,8 27,2 25,5 CHEMICALS 12,1 13,3 12,7 1 1, 8 8,5 8, 8 1 8, 1 4,8 6,5 7,4 6,6 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 3,1 3,7 3,5 2,8 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,5 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 2,1 2,1 2,2 1/8 1/7 1,9 2,5 2,2 1/4 1/4 2,2 2,2 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 24,8 24,8 23,1 23,6 14,8 18,8 20,6 18,9 23,1 21,6 22,1 22,6 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 2,9 2,9 2,7 2,8 2/3 2,5 1/9 1,6 4/1 3,6 2,9 2,9 IRON AND STEEL 4,8 4,5 4,2 4,4 1/1 1/3 1/9 1/6 7/5 6,5 8,1 7,3 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 1/4 1/6 2,0 1,6 1,1 1,3 1/9 1,6 0,7 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 2/4 2/9 2,5 2,3 0/6 0,6 0,6 0,5 1/4 0,7 0,7 0,7 CO H 00 OTHER PRODUCTS 1,7 1,3 4,2 6,7 3,4 3,8 3,8 2,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 A-77

128 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH OPEC, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN IMPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) PRODUCTS -4,3-3,3-1,0 15,5 11,3-0,7 0,7 21,3 7,4-0,3 2,5 13,4 IIMARY PRODUCTS -8,0-4,9-3,4 00 H 7,0-4,6 22,3 4,3-1,4 2,4 13,2 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 3,8 25,9 2,9 11,8 21,1 4,3 8,3 36,4 26,7 5,3 MINING PRODUCTS -8,6-7,9-3,4 19,5 6,7-7,1-0,4 24,3 3,0-2,5 2,2 13,8 NON-FERROUS METALS 100, 0 50, 0 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0 20, 0 16, 7-28,6 FUELS -9, 0-8,3-4,2 19,3 6,3-7,2 24,3 3,1-3,4 1,2 16,2 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR -9,7-8,0-1/5 16,5 5,5-7,4 0,5 23,7 3,4-3,3 0, 0 16,2 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. OnJFACTURED PRODUCTS 18,5 7,8 17,4 4,9 41,9 20,5 5,7 16,1 47,4 10,7 6,5 12,1 MACHINERY 28,6 22,2 9,1 100, , ,7 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 33,3 25, 0 20, 0 66, 7 40, 0 14,3 25,0 200, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0, 0-25, 0 33,3 25,0 0, 0 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT -33,3 45-9,1 0, 0 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0/ 0 0, 0 CHEMICALS 2 33,3 25,0-1 50, ,7 14,3 5 33,3 25,0-2 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS 5 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 18,4 8,9 2,0 6,0 40, 0 8,6 13,2 6 4,2 12,0 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 15, 0 8/7-12, 0 40, 0 0, 0 14,3 33,3 25, 0 0, 0 2 IRON AND STEEL 0, , ,3 50, 0-10 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 HER PRODUCTS 2-16,7-6 25,0 100, 0 5 EXPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) LL PRODUCTS -1,9 e- HI 7,5 7,4 4,1-9,1 15,6 0,7-5,4-2,2 0,7 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 10,5-3,2-3,3 25,0 13,3-5,9 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 7,1 2,2-2,2-2,2 27,8 8,7-4,0-10 MINING PRODUCTS 23,1-18,8 25,0 NON-FERROUS METALS 25,0 0, 0 0, , 0-10 FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT , 0-25,0-16,7-16,7 CN 10 in CO CO CO 1 t Ul O MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS -3,0-11,7 4,9 4,9 0,7-11,4-3,2 23,3-5,6-2,2 MACHINERY -0,7-16,3 4,4 12,7 3,7-12,5 12,2-3,7-1,9-2,0 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP -15,8 18, 7 10,5 22,2-18,2 22,2 0, 0-8,3-9,1 10, 0 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH -1/1-19,6 4,1 11,7-7,3-7, 9-8, 6 21,9-9,4 6,9 3,2-3,1 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 8,3-11,5 8,7 20, 0-16,7 22,2-27,3 12,5 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT -16,7-18,2 2-9,3-4,4-30,2-23,3 87,0 6,4-8,0-6,5-2,3 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS -25, 0-3,7-11,5 13, 0-10,7-32, 0-17,6 42, 9 2,4-7, 0-7,5-5,4 CHEMICALS 8,5-2,0 2,0 7,1-6,7 14,3-6,3 16,7 28,6 11,1-1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 8,3 7,7 0, 0-14, 3 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 12,5-11,1 12, 5-11,1 0, 0 33,3 0, 0 0, 0 50, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. -2,8-10,6 9,7 15,4 1 6,1-5,6-11,8 3,3 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 9,1-8,3 9,1 0, 0 0, 0-25,0 0, 0-16,7-20, 0 IRON AND STEEL -4,8-15,0 11,8 0, 0 50, 0-15,4-18,2 22,2-9,1 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0, 0 10, 0 33, 3-9,1-12,5 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 cn 0, 0 0, 0-100, 0 100, 0-50, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS -36,4-28, ,6-16,7 A-7 8

129 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH AUSTRALIA + N.ZEALAND, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN ALL PRODUCTS 5,8 6,6 6,7 7,1 IMPORTS (BN ECU) 4,1 4,2 3,9 4,5 11,9 13,2 13,1 13,1 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 4,5 5,0 4,9 5,0 2,7 2,4 2,3 2,5 10,4 11,2 11,2 11,6 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 2,5 2,9 2,8 3,0 1,9 1,7 1,5 1,5 4,1 4,8 4,5 4,5 MINING PRODUCTS 1,9 2,2 2,1 2,0 0,8 0,7 0,8 1,0 6,3 6,4 6,6 6,9 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,9 FUELS 0,8 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,2 3,9 3,8 3,9 4,2 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,1 0,1 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 1,2 1,5 1,6 1,8 1,2 1,4 1,3 1,7 0,8 1,1 1,2 1,2 MACHINERY 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 CHEMICALS 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,3 0,4 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,8 0,5 0,6 0,5 0,7 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 IRON AND STEEL 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,6 0,9 0,7 0,4 ALL PRODUCTS 9,1 11,1 12,3 13,4 EXPORTS (BN ECU) 8,1 9,5 9,5 10,8 7,7 8,6 7,4 7,2 PRIMARY PRODUCTS 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,7 0,7 0,6 0,7 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 MINING PRODUCTS 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 NON-FERROUS METALS 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 0, 0 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0, 0 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0, 0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0, 0 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 8,4 10,2 11,2 11,9 6,9 8,2 8,3 9,5 7,5 8,4 7,2 6,9 MACHINERY 2,9 3,7 4,3 4,5 2,8 3,3 3,5 4,0 2,3 2,5 2,2 2,1 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,6 0,8 1,1 1,1 1,3 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,1 1,1 1,, 9 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 1,8 2,3 2,5 2,7 1,2 1,4 1,4 1,9, 9 1,1, 9 0,9 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 1,0 1,5 1,6 1,8 1,2 1,8 1,5 2,0 3,6 4,2 3,4 3,3 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,7 1,0 1,2 1,3 0,4 0,6 0,7 0,8 3,2 3,7 3,2 3,1 CHEMICALS 1,6 1,8 1,8 2,0 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,8 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 PLASTICS 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 2,8 3,2 3,4 3,5 1,6 1,9 1,9 2,0 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,2 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 IRON AND STEEL 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0, 0 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,2 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,5 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 A-79

130 TABLE TRADE BALANCES AND EXPORT/IMPORT RATIOS WITH AUSTRALIA + N.ZEALAND, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN LL PRODUCTS 3,3 4,5 5,6 6,3 TRADE BALANCES! (BN ECU) 4,0 5,3 5,6 6,3-4,2-4,6-5,7-5,9 PRIMARY PRODUCTS -3,9-4,3-4,2-4,2-2,0-1,7-1,7-1,8-10,3-11'1 H H 1 H H H I in AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -2,0-2,3-2,2-2,4-1,4-1,2-1,1-1,1 '4,1-4,7-4,4-4,4 MINING PRODUCTS -1,8-2,1-1,9-1,8-0,6-0,5-0,6-0,8-6,3-6,4-6,6-6,9 NON-FERROUS METALS -0,2-0,3-0, 3-0,2-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1-0,7-0,8-0,9-0,9 FUELS - 0,6-0, 9-0, 8-0,7-0,1-3,9-3,8-3,9-4,2 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0-0,4-0,4-0,3-0,3 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,1-0,1-0,1-0,1 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 7,2 8,7 9,6 H H 5,7 6,8 7,0 7,8 6,7 7,3 6,0 5,7 MACHINERY 2,6 3,3 3,8 3,9 2,6 3,0 3,2 3,6 2,2 2,3 2,0 1,9 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 0,5 0,7 0/ 9 0,9 1,2 1/4 1/5 1/5 1, 1/ 0, 9 0,8 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 1/6 2,1 2,3 2,4 1/1 1/3 1/2 1/7 0,9 1/ 0,8 0,8 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 0/4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,3 0/4 0/5 0/5 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 0,8 1,3 1,4 1,6 0,9 1,6 1,3 1,7 3,5 4,1 3,3 3,2 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 0,6 0, 9 1/1 1/2 0,2 0/5 0,6 0,6 3,1 3,6 3,1 3,0 CHEMICALS 1,4 1,6 1,5 1,7 0,9 0,9 1,1 1,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0,4 0,5 0/5 0/7 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0, 0 PLASTICS 0,3 0,3 0/3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 2,3 2,6 2,8 2,7 1,1 1,3 1,4 1,3 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,6 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,1 0/1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 IRON AND STEEL 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2-0,1-0,2-0,1-0,2 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,5 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1, 1 0,1 0,1 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0, 0-0,1 0, 0-0,1 OTHER PRODUCTS 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2-0,5-0,8-0,6-0,3 EXPORTS/IMPORTS RATIOS (IN %) PRODUCTS IIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT tnufactured PRODUCTS MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF HER PRODUCTS A-80

131 TABLE STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS WITH AUSTRALIA + N.ZEALAND, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS (IN %) LL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS 77,6 75,8 73,1 70,4 65,9 57,1 59,0 55,6 87,4 84,8 85,5 88,5 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 43,1 43,9 41,8 42,3 46,3 40,5 38,5 33,3 34,5 36,4 34,4 34,4 MINING PRODUCTS 32,8 33,3 31,3 28,2 19,5 16,7 20,5 22,2 52,9 48,5 50,4 52,7 NON-FERROUS METALS 5,2 6,1 6,0 4,2 2,4 2,4 2,6 2,2 5,9 6,1 6,9 6, 9 FUELS ,6 11, 9 9,9 4,9 2,4 2,6 4,4 32/8 28, 8 29,8 32,1 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 2,4 2,4 2,6 4,4 3/4 3,0 2,3 2,3 NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. 0,8 0,8 0,8 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 20,7 22,7 23,9 25,4 29,3 33,3 33,3 37,8 6,7 8,3 9,2 9,2 MACHINERY 5,2 6,1 7,5 8,5 4,9 7,1 7,7 8,9 0,8 1,5 1/5 1/5 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 1/7 1/5 3,0 2,8 2,4 2,4 2,6 2,2 0/8 0,8 0,8 0,8 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 3,4 3/0 3,0 4,2 2,4 2,4 5,1 4,4 0,8 0,8 0,8 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 1/7 1,5 1,5 1,4 0/0 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 3,4 3,0 3,0 2,8 7,3 4,8 5,1 6,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0/8 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 1/7 1/5 1/5 1,4 4,9 2,4 2,6 4,4 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 CHEMICALS 3,4 3,0 4,5 4,2 7,3 9,5 7,7 8,9 1,7 2,3 3,1 2,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 1/7 1/5 1/5 1/4 0, 0 0, 0 0/ 0 0/ 0 0/ 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 0, 0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/ 0 0/0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 8,6 9,1 9,0 11,3 12,2 14,3 12,8 15,6 3,4 3,8 3,8 4,6 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 1,5 1/5 1/4 2,4 2,4 2,6 2,2 0/0 IRON AND STEEL 0/ 0 2,4 4,8 2,6 4/4 0/8 0,8 0,8 0, 8 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 0/.0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0/0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 1/7 1/5 1/5 2,8 0, 0 2/2 0, 8 1,5 0,8 1,5 OTHER PRODUCTS 1/7 1,5 3,0 4,2 4,9 7,1 7,7 8,9 5,0 6,8 5,3 3,1 STRUCTURE:OF EXPORTS (IN %) LL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS 6,6 6,3 5,7 6,0 8,6 7,4 6,3 6,5 1,3 1/2 1/4 1/4 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 5,5 5,4 4,9 4,5 6,2 5,3 4,2 3,7 1/2 1,4 1/4 MINING PRODUCTS 1,1 0,9 1,6 1,5 2,5 2,1 2,1 1,9 0/0 0/0 NON-FERROUS METALS 1/1 0/ 9 0/8 0,7 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 FUELS 1/2 1,1 1,1 1,9 0, 0 PETROLEUM/PETR. PR 0, 0 1/2 1,1 1,1 1, 9 0, 0 NON-AGRI CULT. RAW MAT. 1,2 0/0 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 92,3 91,9 91,1 88,8 85,2 86,3 87,4 88,0 97,4 97,7 97,3 95,8 MACHINERY 31,9 33,3 35,0 33,6 34,6 34,7 36,8 37,0 29,9 29,1 29/7 29,2 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 6,6 7,2 8,9 8,2 16, 0 15,8 16, 8 14, 8 14,3 12, 8 13,5 12,5 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 19,8 20,7 20,3 20,1 14, 8 14,7 14,7 17,6 11,7 12,8 12,2 12,5 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 5,5 5,4 5,7 6,0 3,7 4,2 5,3 4,6 3,9 3,5 4,1 2,8 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 11,0 13,5 13,0 13,4 14,8 18,9 15,8 18,5 46,8 48,8 45/9 45,8 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 7,7 9,0 9,8 9,7 4,9 6,3 7,4 7,4 41,6 43, 0 43,2 43,1 CHEMICALS 17,6 16,2 14,6 14,9 14,8 13,7 14,7 13,9 3,9 4,7 5/4 5/6 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 5,5 5,4 4,9 6,0 1/2 1/1 1,1 1, 9 0, 0 0, 0 PLASTICS 3,3 2,7 2,4 2,2 3,7 3/2 3,2 2,8 1,3 1,2 1,4 1,4 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 30,8 28,8 27,6 26,1 19, ,5 15,6 15,1 17,6 16,7 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 3,3 2,7 3,3 3,0 2/5 2/1 2,1 1,9 1,3 1,2 1,4 1,4 IRON AND STEEL 2,2 1/8 1/6 1/5 0/0 2,6 2,3 4,1 2,8 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 4,4 4,5 4, 9 3,7 2,5 2,1 2,1 1, 9 1,3 1,2 1,4 1,4 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 3,3 2/7 2,4 3,0 1/2 1/1 1,1 0,9 1,3 1,2 1,4 1,4 OTHER PRODUCTS 1/1 0,9 2,4 3,7 6,2 6,3 6,3 5,6 1/3 1/2 1/4 1/4 A-81

132 TABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS GROWTH RATES WITH AUSTRALIA + N.ZEALAND, BY PRODUCT GROUP EUROPEAN UNION UNITED STATES JAPAN ALL PRODUCTS 00 H I IMPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) 13,8 1,5 6,0 2,4-7,1 15,4 9,2 10,9-0,8 PRIMARY PRODUCTS H H ,1-2,0 2,0-11,1-4,2 8,7 7,2 7,7 3,6 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS MACHINERY OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH ELECT. MACH./APPARATU TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CHEMICALS MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. PLASTICS OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. TEXTILES AND CLOTHING IRON AND STEEL PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF -10/7 16,0-3,4 7,1 5,6-10,5-11,8 17,1 17,1-6,2-17, 4 15,8-4,5-4,8-11,1-12,5 14,3 25,0 3,3 1,6 3,1 4,5 33,3-25, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 14,3 12,5 0, 0 t 12,5-11,1-12,5 100, 0-50, 0 100, 0 5,4-2,6 2,6 7, 7 0, 0 0, 0 100, 0-20, 0 0, 0-25, 0 0, ,7 25,0 6,7 12,5 16,7-7,1 30,8 14,3 37,5 9,1 33,3 25, , , 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 5 0, 0 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0 0, 0 in 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0-33,3 5 0, 0 0, 0-50, 0 100, 0 0, ,3-25,0 33,3 5 33,3-25,0 0, 0 0, ,3 25,0 2-16,7 4 33,3 25,0 2 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, , , 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 100, 0 0, 0 100, 0-50, 0 100, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS in , ,2-42,9 ALL PRODUCTS PRIMARY PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MINING PRODUCTS NON-FERROUS METALS FUELS PETROLEUM/PETR. PR NON-AGRICULT. RAW MAT. MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS EXPORTS GROWTH RATES (IN %) 11,0 22,0 10,8 8,9 2,5 17,3 13,7 22,2 11,7-14,0-2,7 16,7 14,3 16,7-14,3 16,7 2 66, , , 0 100, ,0 21,4 9,8 6,3 1,5 18,8 1,2 14,5 23,0 12,0-14,3-4,2 MACHINERY 11,5 27,6 16,2 4,7 21,7 17,9 6,1 14,3 21,1 8,7-12,0-4,5 OFFICE/TELECOM. EQUIP 2 33,3 37,5 18,2 15,4 6,7 10, 0-9,1-1 POWER/NON-ELECT. MACH 12,5 27,8 8,7 8,0 33,3 16,7 35,7 28,6 22,2-18,2 ELECT. MACH./APPARATU 2 16,7 14,3 33,3 25, 0 0, 0-33,3 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 5 6,7 12, ,7 33,3 33,3 16,7-19,0-2,9 AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS 16,7 42, 9 20, 0 8,3 33,3 5 16,7 14,3 23,1 15,6-13,5-3,1 CHEMICALS 14,3 12,5 11,1 9,1 8,3 7,7 7,1 33,3 MEDICAL/PHARM. PROD. 0, 0 2 0, 0 33,3 100, 0 PLASTICS 50, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER MANUFACTURED PROD. 7,7 14,3 6,2 2,9 14,3 18,7 5,3 9,1 8,3-7,7 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 33,3 100, 0 IRON AND STEEL 10 0, 0 0, 0 50, 0-33,3 PAPER/ARTIC. OF PAPER 25,0 20, 0-16,7 10 0, 0 0, 0 NON-METAL. MIN. MANUF 0, 0 33,3 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 OTHER PRODUCTS 20 66,7 2 A-82

133 FEEDBACK QUESTIONNAIRE In rder t imprve the quality f this trade brchure and tailr it better t yur needs, it wuld be useful t receive yur cmments and suggestins n the structure and the cntent f the publicatin. Please fill in this frm (it will take yu nly few minutes) and send it back as sn as pssible. ANALYSIS SECTION Des the level f the analysis suit yur needs? Are the graphs/tables useful? Des the style/presentatin make it easy t btain the infrmatin yu need? Other cmments. SPECIAL SUBJECT (1997: reginalism; 1996: CMS analysis) Are yu interested in such a sectin? D yu have any suggestin n additinal subjects t cver? Other cmments.

134 STATISTICAL ANNEX Are the tables sufficiently clear? Des the data presented cver yur needs? Other cmments. DIFFUSION Du yu think that an electrnic versin f the publicatin available n the INTRANET server will be sufficient, r d yu prefer t receive a paper versin? Hw many cpies are yu interested in receiving in yur service? YOUR COORDINATES NAME UNIT ADM. ADDRESS TELEPHONE FAX PLEASE SEND THIS FORM TO: Mr. Raffaele Quart - DGI-2 CHAR 14/204 - BXL

135 Eurpean Cmmissin The Eurpean Unin and wrld trade Eurpean Unin trade develpments fr the year 1996, cmparisn with the United States and Japan Luxemburg: Office fr Official Publicatins f the Eurpean Cmmunities pp x29.7 cm ISBN Price (excluding VAT) in Luxemburg: ECU 15 This trade brchure analyses the mst recent annual merchandise trade flws f the Eurpean Unin, the United States and Japan. Data is given n gegraphical breakdwn and prduct cmpsitin. Apart frm the basic text, each issue f the brchure ften takes up special subjects that are traderelated. The reprt includes a detailed set f statistical tables.

136 Venta Salg Verkauf nuarjciq Sales Vente Vendita Verkp Venda Myynti Frsaljning BELGIQUE/BELGIE NEDERLAND CYPRUS INDIA Mniteur belge/belgisch Staatsblad Rue de Luvain 40-42/Leuvenseweg B-1000 Bruxelles/Brussel Tel. (32-2) Fax (32-2) Jean De Lanny Avenue du Ri 202/Kningslaan 202 B-1060 Bruxelles/Brussel Tel. (32-2) Fax (32-2) URL: Librairie eurpeenne/eurpese Bekhandel Rue de la Li 244/Wetstraat 244 B-1040 Bruxelles/Brussel Tel. (32-2) Fax (32-2) DANMARK J. H. Schultz Infrmatin A/S Herstedvang DK-2620 Albertslund Tlf. (45) Fax (45) URL: DEUTSCHLAND Bundesanzeiger Verlag Breite StraBe Pstfach D Kln Tel. (49-221) Fax (49-221) URL: EAAAAA/GREECE G. C. Eleftherudakis SA Internatinal Bkstre Panepistimiu 17 GR Athina Tel. (30-1) /1/2/3 Fax (30-1) ESPANA Mundi Prensa Librs, SA Castell, 37 E Madrid Tel. (34-1) Fax (34-1) URL: Bletfn Oficial del Estad Trafalgar, 27 E Madrid Tel. 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