CONSTRUCTING STATECHART DIAGRAMS

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1 CONSTRUCTING STATECHART DIAGRAMS The fllwing checklist shws the necessary steps fr cnstructing the statechart diagrams f a class. Subsequently, we will explain the individual steps further. Checklist 4.6 Cnstructing Statechart Diagrams in the Behaviral View Identify mutatin events relevant fr the bject What affects the bject? Grup relevant events chrnlgically Hw des a nrmal life lk? Mdel states and transitins Which states are there? Add actins t the statechart diagram What d bjects d? Verify the statechart diagram Is everything crrect? Identify Mutatin Events Relevant fr the Object What Affects the Object? First, we have t find ut which mutatin events are relevant fr an bject, meaning, which mutatin events initiate actins, a state transitin, r bth fr an bject. The fllwing questins will help yu find relevant mutatin events fr bjects: Which mutatin events lead t the creatin r deletin f an bject?? Which mutatin events define r mdify attribute values? Which mutatin events create relatinships t ther bjects r end these relatinships? Which mutatin events result in a state transitin f the bject? Which mutatin events frm the use case sequence diagram f the external view affect the bject? The answers t these questins lead t a list f mutatin events that are relevant fr the bject. Since all mutatin events riginate frm use cases, a new use case has t be fund fr each new mutatin event that is nt already cntained in the use case sequence diagram. An event that is nt sent t the IT system within the scpe f a use case is never sent t the IT system. This can lead t the fact that new use cases have t be mdeled. In the case study, we fund the fllwing relevant mutatin events fr the bject flight:

2 «M» flight defined, «M» flight started, «M» flight landed, «M» flight canceled, «M» new flight date,«m» flight irrelevant, and «M» flight number irrelevant. Grup Relevant Events Chrnlgically Hw Des a Nrmal Life Lk? The btained mutatin events are divided int three grups: events that lead t the creatin f new bjects (birth), events that are imprtant during the existence f an bject (life), and events that lead t the deletin f an bject (death). The questin is: T which stage f the life f an bject des each mutatin event belng?? The mutatin events frm ur case study fr the bject flight can be gruped as fllws: Birth: «M» flight defined Life: «M» flight started, «M» flight landed, «M» flight canceled, and «M» new flight date Death: «M» flight irrelevant and «M» flight number irrelevant Mdel States and Transitins Which States are There? As a first draft, yu can always cnstruct a very simple statechart diagram, cnsisting f the initial state, a nrmal state, and the final state. Figure 4.52 shws such a diagram fr the bject flight: Figure 4.52 Simple statechart diagram Starting with this simple diagram, the btained mutatin events can be added. Here, the fllwing questins shuld be asked fr each event:

3 Is the mutatin event permitted in all cases, meaning, fr all states, r are there states in which the mutatin event is nt permitted? The varius cases that decide if a mutatin event is permitted are depicted as states. Behind these cases are the dynamic business rules, which we already mentined in Static and Dynamic Business Rules. In which state is the bject after the ccurrence f a mutatin event? The new state depends n the state f the bject befre the ccurrence f the mutatin event. Des the transitin t a new state depend n certain cnditins? We can use guard cnditins t dcument that a mutatin event depending n a cnditin can lead t different new states (see Figure 4.49). Fr instance, in ur case study, the event «M» flight started is permitted nly if the flight is nt already in the state in transit. When all questins have been answered fr all mutatin events, a statechart diagram such as the ne in Figure 4.53 has been created: Figure 4.53 Statechart diagram f the class "Flight" Add Actins t the Statechart Diagram What d Objects D? After the mutatin events f an bject have been fund and mdeled, their cnsequences are specified in frm f actins. The fllwing questins have t be answered:

4 Where are actins needed fr dealing with attribute values?? Where are actins needed fr dealing with relatinships? Where else are actins needed (activating queries, calculatins)? The required actins are inserted int the statechart diagram. In the level f detail that we are using fr statechart diagrams, it is nt a prblem t describe actins infrmally, in plain English. Hwever, ur practical experience has shwn that a certain level f frmality wrks better, where keywrds are used fr frequent actins: CREATE/DELETE: Creates r deletes an bject f a class (can als be mitted, since it is implied). SET <attribute> :=...: Sets the value f an attribute. TIE TO <bject>/cut FROM <bject>: Establishes relatinship t anther bject r breaks the relatinship t anther bject. Figure 4.54 shws the statechart diagram fr the class flight frm the case study with actins: Figure 4.54 Statechart diagram f the class "Flight" with actins

5 Verify Statechart Diagram Is Everything Crrect? The cmpleted statechart diagram can be verified with the fllwing checklist: Checklist 4.7 Verifying Statechart Diagrams f the Behaviral View Is there a frmulated final state, r des the bject live eternally withut a death event? Is there an (indirect) transitin frm every state t the final state? Is there a differentiatin, if it is relevant, between lgical death (freezing f the bject) and physical death (deletin f the bject)? Des at least ne specific event exist fr each state, t which a specific respnse ccurs nly frm this state? If nt, this state shuld be crrected. If tw r mre transitins that are initiated by the same event leave the same state, the guard cnditins must be disjunct (meaning they can't be true at the same time).

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