BIOLOGY LTF DIAGNOSTIC TEST MEIOSIS & MENDELIAN GENETICS

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1 BIOLOGY LTF DIAGNOSTIC TEST MEIOSIS & MENDELIAN GENETICS TEST CODE: Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. 1. Why is crossing over important? A) It maintains the number of chromosomes in a cell. B) It ensures that the resulting cells are identical. C) It creates multiple alleles. D) It assembles the spindle fibers. E) It is a source of genetic variation. 2. The purpose of meiosis is to A) produce cells that each have a unique set of genetic material B) produce cells that are genetically identical to one another C) create genetic variation by introducing mutations D) duplicate genetic material before 2 daughter cells are made E) repair and replace damaged cells 3. Which of the following represents the proportion and type of gametes produced by an individual with the genotype Pp? A) ½ Pp and ½ PP B) ¾ Pp and ¼ pp C) ½ P and ½ p D) ¾ P and ¼ p E) ¼ P and ¾ p 1

2 Questions 4 and 5 refer to the following human karyotype. 4. Which genetic disorder can be diagnosed using this human karyotype? A) Tay sach s disease B) Down s syndrome C) Cystic fibrosis D) Huntington s disease E) HIV 5. Looking at the 23rd pair of chromosomes, the karyotype belongs to a A) male with Klinefelter s syndrome B) male with hemophilia C) female with Turner s syndrome D) female with red-green colorblindness E) an unidentified individual with sickle-cell anemia 2

3 6. All of the following statements about the diagram above are true EXCEPT A) It depicts the process of mitosis. B) It depicts the process of meiosis. C) Crossing over is a characteristic of this process shown. D) It shows diploid cells becoming haploid cells. E) Independent assortment is a characteristic of the process shown. 7. Which of the following would be the best sample size for a genetic experiment? A) 2 offspring B) 20 offspring C) 200 offspring D) 2000 offspring E) 20,000 offspring 8. The usefulness of Chi-square in genetic crosses is to A) predict the expected phenotype ratio in the F 1 generation B) predict the expected genotype ratio in the F 1 generation C) determine if the difference between observed data and expected data is due to chance D) analyze for the number of offspring that result from 2 heterozygous parents E) conclude if there is a relationship between the F 1 and F 2 generation 3

4 9. Which of the following best describes the alleles on the chromatid represented below? A) They are all recessive. B) They are all linked. C) They all show incomplete dominance. D) They are all heterozygous. E) They are all homozygous. 4

5 Questions 10 and 11 refer to the following pedigree. This pedigree depicts a family with the fatal neuromuscular disease called Huntington s disease. The disease is not evident until individuals reach adulthood. Pedigree key: Squares indicate males Circles indicate females Horizontal lines indicate a mating between a male and female A filled circle or filled square indicates an individual with Huntington s disease 10. How many of the individuals have the genotype Hh? A) 3 B) 5 C) 8 D) 10 E) What is the phenotype of individual II-3? A) HH B) Hh C) Huntington s carrier D) Huntington s present E) Huntington s absent 12. Allelic pairs of genes, such a T and t, are located A) in a DNA nucleotide B) on non-homologous chromosomes C) on homologous chromosomes D) in homozygous recessive organisms E) in homozygous dominant organisms 5

6 13. A red flowering plant crossed with a white flowering plant produced offspring with all pink flowers. Which type of inheritance pattern is shown by these plants? A) Dominance B) Incomplete dominance C) Multiple alleles D) Linkage E) Crossing-over Questions refer to the following diagrams that show a chromosome or chromatids. 14. This represents a tetrad found in meiosis. C) III only D) I and II only E) II and III only 15. This represents a structure that could be found in an egg cell C) III only D) I and II only E) II and III only 16. Aligns along the equatorial plate in a metaphase I cell of meiosis C) III only D) I and II only E) II and III only 6

7 17. The natural variation in hair color in humans is due to A) pleiotropy B) polygenic inheritance C) multiple alleles D) incomplete dominance E) linked genes Questions 18 refers to the following diagram. In humans the H allele is dominant for hitchhiker s thumb and the F allele is dominant for free earlobes. F 1 parents heterozygous for both traits, were crossed and the results are shown below. 18. Which of the following represents the phenotypic ratio of the F 2 generation? A) 1: 2: 4: 2: 1: 2: 1: 2: 1 B) 7: 3: 2: 3: 2 C) 9: 3: 3: 1 D) 4:0 E) 3:1 19. In tomato plants, red tomatoes are dominant to yellow ones. A cross between two tomato plants produced 600 plants with red tomatoes and 200 plants with yellow tomatoes. A 3:1 phenotype ratio was expected. What are the genotypes of the 2 parent tomato plants? A) RR RR B) RR Rr C) Rr Rr D) Rr rr E) rr rr 7

8 Questions 20 and 21 refer to the following scenario. In a particular species of rabbits, black hair is dominant (B) to white hair (b). Casey was given two female rabbits, siblings of two pure bred parents. She named them Hopper and Thumper. Hopper was bred with a black male; the result was 6 rabbits. Of the 6 rabbits, 5 were black and one was white. 20. Given the information above, which of the following is true? A) Hopper has a genotype of BB. B) Hopper s male mate has a genotype of BB. C) Thumper has a genotype of Bb. D) The genotype of Thumper cannot be determined. E) The genotype of the white offspring cannot be determined. 21. Which of these generations would have rabbits with a genotype of bb? I. P 1 generation II. F 1 generation III. F 2 generation C) III only D) I and II only E) I and III only 22. Sequence the following events of meiosis in the order in which they occur. I. Homologous chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate. II. Sister chromatids separate from each other. III. The exchange of genetic material with homologous chromosomes. IV. Homologous chromosomes separate from each other. V. The end of telophase I leads to haploid cells. A) I, II, IV, II, V B) IV, I, II, III, V C) III, I, IV, V, II D) II, V, I, IV, III E) IV, V, II, III, I 8

9 Questions 23 and 24 refer to the following information. Consider the alleles for hair color (B) and (b) and for handedness (R) and (r). Brown hair is dominant to red hair while right handedness is dominant to left hand. Gametes produced by parents who are each heterozygous for brown hair and heterozygous for right handedness are shown as follows. BR, Br, br, and br 23. If the parents have a child, what are the chances of having a child who has red hair and is left handed? A) 1/16 B) 2/16 C) 4/16 D) 9/16 E) 12/ What are the chances that a child will have a genotype exactly like the parents for these 2 traits? A) 1/16 B) 2/16 C) 4/16 D) 9/16 E) 12/16 Questions 25 and 26 refer to the following laboratory scenario. Crystal used a microscope to view a variety of prepared slides containing different types of cells undergoing cell division. The results of her analysis are shown below. Slide Label Type of Cell Number of Chromosomes A human sperm (n) 23 B fruit fly (2n) 8 C human cheek (2n) 46 D grasshopper gland (2n) 128 E onion root (2n) Crystal determined that the grasshopper slide and the cheek slide had all of the chromosomes lined up on the equator of the cell. Which of the following is the most likely prediction for these types of cells? A) The chromosomes were arranged in tetrads. B) Two new daughter cells will be formed. C) Four new daughter cells will be formed. D) The chromatids will now begin to cross over. E) The chromatids have just completed crossing over. 9

10 26. Which of the terms below apply to Slide E? I. Haploid II. Diploid III. Divides by mitosis IV. Divides by meiosis C) I and III only D) II and III only E) II and IV only 27. Tay-Sachs disease is a lethal, recessive genetic disorder that is caused by lipid accumulation in brain cells. A male, who is homozygous unaffected for Tay-Sachs, marries a female who is heterozygous unaffected for the disease. What are the chances that their children could inherit Tay-Sachs disease? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100% 28. Which term describes the pair of alleles Dd? A) Phenotype B) Diploid C) Haploid D) Homozygous E) Heterozygous Question 29 refers to the following genetic crosses. I. TT tt II. Tt tt III. Tt Tt IV. tt tt 29. Which cross will produce offspring with a genotypic ratio of 1:2:1? C) III only D) IV only E) II and III 10

11 Directions: The group of questions below consists of five lettered answers followed by a list of numbered phrases or sentences. For each numbered phrase or sentence select the one answer that is most closely related to it and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Each answer may be used once, more than once or not at all in each group. Question 30 refers to the following laboratory scenario. Crystal used a microscope to view a variety of prepared slides containing different types of cells undergoing cell division. The results of her analysis are shown below. Slide Label Type of Cell Number of Chromosomes A human sperm (n) 23 B fruit fly (2n) 8 C human cheek (2n) 46 D grasshopper gland (2n) 128 E onion root (2n) Which slide would belong to an organism producing sperm cells containing 64 chromosomes? Questions 31 and 32 refer to the following genotypes. A) I A I A B) I A I B C) I B I B D) I B i E) ii 31. Which of the above could be a genotype for the offspring of a mother with type A blood and a father with type O blood? 32. Which of the genotypes represents a person with type A blood? Questions refer to events that occur in meiosis. A) Law of Independent Assortment B) Law of Segregation C) Crossing over D) DNA replication E) Formation of haploid cell 33. The random distribution of homologous chromosomes is found in metaphase I. 34. This event separates homologous chromosome pairs. 35. Is the end result of meiosis 11

12 BIOLOGY LTF DIAGNOSTIC TEST MEIOSIS & MENDELIAN GENETICS TEST CODE: Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. 1. In tomato plants, red tomatoes are dominant to yellow ones. A cross between two tomato plants produced 600 plants with red tomatoes and 200 plants with yellow tomatoes. A 3:1 phenotype ratio was expected. What are the genotypes of the 2 parent tomato plants? A) RR RR B) RR Rr C) Rr Rr D) Rr rr E) rr rr 2. Which term describes the pair of alleles Dd? A) Phenotype B) Diploid C) Haploid D) Homozygous E) Heterozygous 3. Which of the following would be the best sample size for a genetic experiment? A) 2 offspring B) 20 offspring C) 200 offspring D) 2000 offspring E) 20,000 offspring 1

13 Questions 4-6 refer to the following diagrams that show a chromosome or chromatids. 4. This represents a structure that could be found in an egg cell C) III only D) I and II only E) II and III only 5. This represents a tetrad found in meiosis. C) III only D) I and II only E) II and III only 6. Aligns along the equatorial plate in a metaphase I cell of meiosis C) III only D) I and II only E) II and III only 7. Sequence the following events of meiosis in the order in which they occur. I. Homologous chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate. II. Sister chromatids separate from each other. III. The exchange of genetic material with homologous chromosomes. IV. Homologous chromosomes separate from each other. V. The end of telophase I leads to haploid cells. A) I, II, IV, II, V B) IV, I, II, III, V C) III, I, IV, V, II D) II, V, I, IV, III E) IV, V, II, III, I 2

14 Questions 8 and 9 refer to the following information. Consider the alleles for hair color (B) and (b) and for handedness (R) and (r). Brown hair is dominant to red hair while right handedness is dominant to left hand. Gametes produced by parents who are each heterozygous for brown hair and heterozygous for right handedness are shown as follows. BR, Br, br, and br 8. If the parents have a child, what are the chances of having a child who has red hair and is left handed? A) 1/16 B) 2/16 C) 4/16 D) 9/16 E) 12/16 9. What are the chances that a child will have a genotype exactly like the parents for these 2 traits? A) 1/16 B) 2/16 C) 4/16 D) 9/16 E) 12/16 Questions 10 and 11 refer to the following scenario. In a particular species of rabbits, black hair is dominant (B) to white hair (b). Casey was given two female rabbits, siblings of two pure bred parents. She named them Hopper and Thumper. Hopper was bred with a black male; the result was 6 rabbits. Of the 6 rabbits, 5 were black and one was white. 10. Given the information above, which of the following is true? A) Hopper has a genotype of BB. B) Hopper s male mate has a genotype of BB. C) Thumper has a genotype of Bb. D) The genotype of Thumper cannot be determined. E) The genotype of the white offspring cannot be determined. 3

15 11. Which of these generations would have rabbits with a genotype of bb? I. P 1 generation II. F 1 generation III. F 2 generation C) III only D) I and II only E) I and III only Questions 12 and 13 refer to the following pedigree. This pedigree depicts a family with the fatal neuromuscular disease called Huntington s disease. The disease is not evident until individuals reach adulthood. Pedigree key: Squares indicate males Circles indicate females Horizontal lines indicate a mating between a male and female A filled circle or filled square indicates an individual with Huntington s disease 12. How many of the individuals have the genotype Hh? A) 3 B) 5 C) 8 D) 10 E) What is the phenotype of individual II-3? A) HH B) Hh C) Huntington s carrier D) Huntington s present E) Huntington s absent 4

16 Questions 14 and 15 refer to the following human karyotype. 14. Which genetic disorder can be diagnosed using this human karyotype? A) Tay-Sachs disease B) Down s syndrome C) Cystic fibrosis D) Huntington s disease E) HIV 15. Looking at the 23rd pair of chromosomes, the karyotype belongs to a A) male with Klinefelter s syndrome B) male with hemophilia C) female with Turner s syndrome D) female with red-green colorblindness E) an unidentified individual with sickle-cell anemia 16. The usefulness of Chi-square in genetic crosses is to A) predict the expected phenotype ratio in the F 1 generation B) predict the expected genotype ratio in the F 1 generation C) determine if the difference between observed data and expected data is due to chance D) analyze for the number of offspring that result from 2 heterozygous parents E) conclude if there is a relationship between the F 1 and F 2 generation 5

17 17. Why is crossing over important? A) It maintains the number of chromosomes in a cell. B) It ensures that the resulting cells are identical. C) It creates multiple alleles. D) It assembles the spindle fibers. E) It is a source of genetic variation. 18. The purpose of meiosis is to A) produce cells that each have a unique set of genetic material B) produce cells that are genetically identical to one another C) create genetic variation by introducing mutations D) duplicate genetic material before 2 daughter cells are made E) repair and replace damaged cells Question 19 refers to the following genetic crosses. I. TT tt II. Tt tt III. Tt Tt IV. tt tt 19. Which cross will produce offspring with a genotypic ratio of 1:2:1? C) III only D) IV only E) II and III 6

18 Questions 20 and 21 refer to the following laboratory scenario. Crystal used a microscope to view a variety of prepared slides containing different types of cells undergoing cell division. The results of her analysis are shown below. Slide Label Type of Cell Number of Chromosomes A human sperm (n) 23 B fruit fly (2n) 8 C human cheek (2n) 46 D grasshopper gland (2n) 128 E onion root (2n) Which of the terms below apply to Slide E? I. Haploid II. Diploid III. Divides by mitosis IV. Divides by meiosis C) I and III only D) II and III only E) II and IV only 21. Crystal determined that the grasshopper slide and the cheek slide had all of the chromosomes lined up on the equator of the cell. Which of the following is the most likely prediction for these types of cells? A) The chromosomes were arranged in tetrads. B) Two new daughter cells will be formed. C) Four new daughter cells will be formed. D) The chromatids will now begin to cross over. E) The chromatids have just completed crossing over. 7

19 22. All of the following statements about the diagram above are true EXCEPT A) It depicts the process of mitosis. B) It depicts the process of meiosis. C) Crossing over is a characteristic of this process shown. D) It shows diploid cells becoming haploid cells. E) Independent assortment is a characteristic of the process shown. 23. Which of the following best describes the alleles on the chromatid represented below? A) They are all recessive. B) They are all linked. C) They all show incomplete dominance. D) They are all heterozygous. E) They are all homozygous. 8

20 24. The natural variation in hair color in humans is due to A) pleiotropy B) polygenic inheritance C) multiple alleles D) incomplete dominance E) linked genes 25. Allelic pairs of genes, such a T and t, are located A) in a DNA nucleotide B) on non-homologous chromosomes C) on homologous chromosomes D) in homozygous recessive organisms E) in homozygous dominant organisms 26. A red flowering plant crossed with a white flowering plant produced offspring with all pink flowers. Which type of inheritance pattern is shown by these plants? A) Dominance B) Incomplete dominance C) Multiple alleles D) Linkage E) Crossing-over 27. Tay-Sachs disease is a lethal, recessive genetic disorder that is caused by lipid accumulation in brain cells. A male, who is homozygous unaffected for Tay-Sachs, marries a female who is heterozygous unaffected for the disease. What are the chances that their children could inherit Tay-Sachs disease? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100% 28. Which of the following represents the proportion and type of gametes produced by an individual with the genotype Pp? A) ½ Pp and ½ PP B) ¾ Pp and ¼ pp C) ½ P and ½ p D) ¾ P and ¼ p E) ¼ P and ¾ p 9

21 Questions 18 refers to the following diagram. In humans the H allele is dominant for hitchhiker s thumb and the F allele is dominant for free earlobes. F 1 parents heterozygous for both traits, were crossed and the results are shown below. 29. Which of the following represents the phenotypic ratio of the F 2 generation? A) 1: 2: 4: 2: 1: 2: 1: 2: 1 B) 7: 3: 2: 3: 2 C) 9: 3: 3: 1 D) 4:0 E) 3:1 Directions: The group of questions below consists of five lettered answers followed by a list of numbered phrases or sentences. For each numbered phrase or sentence select the one answer that is most closely related to it and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Each answer may be used once, more than once or not at all in each group. Questions refer to events that occur in meiosis. A) Law of Independent Assortment B) Law of Segregation C) Crossing over D) DNA replication E) Formation of haploid cell 30. The random distribution of homologous chromosomes is found in metaphase I. 31. This event separates homologous chromosome pairs. 32. Is the end result of meiosis 10

22 Questions 33 and 34 refer to the following genotypes. A) I A I A B) I A I B C) I B I B D) I B i E) ii 33. Which of the above could be a genotype for the offspring of a mother with type A blood and a father with type O blood? 34. Which of the genotypes represents a person with type A blood? Question 35 refers to the following laboratory scenario. Crystal used a microscope to view a variety of prepared slides containing different types of cells undergoing cell division. The results of her analysis are shown below. Slide Label Type of Cell Number of Chromosomes A human sperm (n) 23 B fruit fly (2n) 8 C human cheek (2n) 46 D grasshopper gland (2n) 128 E onion root (2n) Which slide would belong to an organism producing sperm cells containing 64 chromosomes? 11