9-4 Meiosis Meiosis. Slide 1 of 35
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1 9-4 Meiosis 11-4 Meiosis 1 of 35
2 11-4 Meiosis Each organism must inherit a single copy of every gene from each of its parents. Gametes are formed by a process that separates the two sets of genes so that each gamete ends up with just one set. 2 of 35
3 11-4 Meiosis Chromosome Number Chromosome Number All organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. A body cell in an adult fruit fly has 8 chromosomes: 4 from the fruit fly's male parent, and 4 from its female parent. 3 of 35
4 11-4 Meiosis Chromosome Number These two sets of chromosomes are homologous. Each of the 4 chromosomes that came from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent. 4 of 35
5 11-4 Meiosis Chromosome Number A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes is said to be diploid. The number of chromosomes in a diploid cell is sometimes represented by the symbol 2N. For Drosophila, the diploid number is 8, which can be written as 2N=8. 5 of 35
6 11-4 Meiosis Chromosome Number The gametes of sexually reproducing organisms contain only a single set of chromosomes, and therefore only a single set of genes. These cells are haploid. Haploid cells are represented by the symbol N. For Drosophila, the haploid number is 4, which can be written as N=4. 6 of 35
7 11-4 Meiosis Phases of Meiosis What happens during the process of meiosis? 7 of 35
8 11-4 Meiosis Phases of Meiosis Phases of Meiosis Meiosis is a process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. 8 of 35
9 11-4 Meiosis Phases of Meiosis Meiosis involves two divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II. By the end of meiosis II, the diploid cell that entered meiosis has become 4 haploid cells. 9 of 35
10 11-4 Meiosis Phases of Meiosis Meiosis I Interphase I Meiosis I Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I and Cytokinesis 10 of 35
11 11-4 Meiosis Phases of Meiosis Cells undergo a round of DNA replication, forming duplicate chromosomes. Interphase I 11 of 35
12 11-4 Meiosis Phases of Meiosis Each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome to form a tetrad. MEIOSIS I Prophase I There are 4 chromatids in a tetrad. 12 of 35
13 11-4 Meiosis Phases of Meiosis When homologous chromosomes form tetrads in meiosis I, they exchange portions of their chromatids in a process called crossing-over. Crossing-over produces new combinations of alleles. 13 of 35
14 11-4 Meiosis Phases of Meiosis Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. MEIOSIS I Metaphase I 14 of 35
15 11-4 Meiosis Phases of Meiosis The fibers pull the homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell. MEIOSIS I Anaphase I 15 of 35
16 11-4 Meiosis Phases of Meiosis Nuclear membranes form. The cell separates into two cells. The two cells produced by meiosis I have chromosomes and alleles that are different from each other and from the diploid cell that entered meiosis I. MEIOSIS I Telophase I and Cytokinesis 16 of 35
17 Meiosis II 11-4 Meiosis Phases of Meiosis The two cells produced by meiosis I now enter a second meiotic division. Unlike meiosis I, neither cell goes through chromosome replication. Each of the cell s chromosomes has 2 chromatids. 17 of 35
18 11-4 Meiosis Phases of Meiosis Meiosis II Telophase I and Cytokinesis I Meiosis II Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II and Cytokinesis 18 of 35
19 11-4 Meiosis Phases of Meiosis Meiosis I results in two haploid (N) daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. MEIOSIS II Prophase II 19 of 35
20 11-4 Meiosis Phases of Meiosis The chromosomes line up in the center of cell. MEIOSIS II Metaphase II 20 of 35
21 11-4 Meiosis Phases of Meiosis The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell. MEIOSIS II Anaphase II 21 of 35
22 11-4 Meiosis Phases of Meiosis Meiosis II results in four haploid (N) daughter cells. MEIOSIS II Telophase II and Cytokinesis 22 of 35
23 11-4 Meiosis Gamete Formation Gamete Formation In male animals, meiosis results in four equal-sized gametes called sperm. 23 of 35
24 11-4 Meiosis Gamete Formation In many female animals, only one egg results from meiosis. The other three cells, called polar bodies, are usually not involved in reproduction. 24 of 35
25 11-4 Meiosis Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis How is meiosis different from mitosis? 25 of 35
26 11-4 Meiosis Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis Mitosis results in the production of two genetically identical diploid cells. Meiosis produces four genetically different haploid cells. 26 of 35
27 11-4 Meiosis Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis Mitosis Cells produced by mitosis have the same number of chromosomes and alleles as the original cell. Mitosis allows an organism to grow and replace cells. Some organisms reproduce asexually by mitosis. 27 of 35
28 11-4 Meiosis Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis Meiosis Cells produced by meiosis have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. These cells are genetically different from the diploid cell and from each other. Meiosis is how sexually reproducing organisms produce gametes. 28 of 35
29 9-4 Continue to: - or - Click to Launch: 29 of 35
30 9-4 If the body cells of humans contain 46 chromosomes, a single sperm cell should have a. 46 chromosomes. b. 23 chromosomes. c. 92 chromosomes. d. between 23 and 46 chromosomes. 30 of 35
31 9-4 During meiosis, the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of a. daughter cells. b. homologous chromosomes. c. gametes. d. chromatids. 31 of 35
32 9-4 The formation of a tetrad occurs during a. anaphase I. b. metaphase II. c. prophase I. d. prophase II. 32 of 35
33 9-4 In many female animals, meiosis results in the production of a. only 1 egg. b. 1 egg and 3 polar bodies. c. 4 eggs. d. 1 egg and 2 polar bodies. 33 of 35
34 9-4 Compared to egg cells formed during meiosis, daughter cells formed during mitosis are a. genetically different, while eggs are genetically identical. b. genetically different, just as egg cells are. c. genetically identical, just as egg cells are. d. genetically identical, while egg cells are genetically different. 34 of 35
35 END OF SECTION
11-4 Meiosis Meiosis. Slide 1 of 35. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
11-4 Meiosis 1 of 35 Each organism must inherit a single copy of every gene from each of its parents. Gametes are formed by a process that separates the two sets of genes so that each gamete ends up with
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