Genetics Review Sheet Learning Target 11: Explain where and how an organism inherits its genetic information and this influences their

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1 Genetics Review Sheet Learning Target 11: Explain where and how an organism inherits its genetic information and this influences their characteristics. 1. Define the following terms: Name Block a. Heredity b. Genetics c. Fertilization d. Trait e. Multiple alleles f. Gene g. Allele h. Principle of Dominance i. Polygenic Trait k. Gametes l. Probability m. Homozygous n. Heterozygous o. Phenotype p. Genotype q. Punnett Square 2. Circle the choices that are examples of each of those words. Dominant allele f e K L N n R S Recessive allele m N d F G r k P Homozygous dominant aa Gg kk MM uu RR Tt Homozygous recessive EE Ff HH Oo qq Uu ww Genotypes in which the dominant allele is seen (expressed). AA Dd EE ff Jj RR Ss Genotypes in which the recessive allele is seen (expressed). aa Gg Ff KK rr Oo Tt

2 3. In Chihuahuas, the allele for short fur (F) is dominant over the allele for long fur (f). The heterozygous short furred Chihuahua named Spike breeds with a long furred female named Lexi to produce a litter of puppies. Complete the Punnett Square below and answer the following questions. A. Genotypic Ratios: B. Phenotypic Ratios: C. What is the probability that one of the puppies will have long fur? 4. Define the Principle of Segregation: 5. HOW is the principle of Segregation used to set up a Punnett square? 6. In butterflies, black spots are dominant (B) to green spots (b) and Large wings are dominant (L) to short wings (l). In the space below determine the four possible gametes that each parent can create. Parent: Bbll How many different allele combinations are in the gametes of this parent? Parent: BbLl How many different allele combinations are in the gametes of this parent? 7. Perform a dihybrid cross on the following parents: Mother = GgTT Father = GgTt Genotype Ratios: Phenotype Ratios:

3 8. Define of each term: a. Incomplete dominance b. Co-dominance c. Polygenic trait 9. The genotype for Sally s hair is BbTTFfhh. What type of inheritance pattern is this? A. Codominance B. Incomplete dominance C. Multiple alleles D. Polygenic trait How do you know? 10. Is the picture below an example of Incomplete, Co, or Regular Dominance? Answer: 11. Explain how you arrived at the answer above on question 10: 12. Is the picture below an example of Incomplete, Co, or Regular Dominance? Answer: 13. Explain how you arrived at the answer above on question 10: 14. Is the picture below an example of Incomplete, Co, or Regular Dominance? Answer: 15. Explain how you arrived at the answer above on question 10:

4 16. Calculate the Genotypic and Phenotypic Ratios for the crossing of 2 roan cows mated RW and RW: A. Genotypic Ratios: B. Phenotypic Ratios: 17. Coat color in mice is incompletely dominant. Yellow and white-colored mice are homozygous, while creamcolored mice are heterozygous. If one cream-colored mice mates with a yellow mouse, what phenotypic ratio can we expect of their offspring? Show the Punnett Square. A. Yellow genotype: B. White genotype: C. Cream genotype: D. Genotypic Ratios: E. Phenotypic Ratios: 18. Write the genotype for each person based on the description: a. Type B or b. Type A or c. Type O 19. Assume George is homozygous for the type A allele, and Francine is type O. What are all the possible blood types of their baby? 20. Complete the Punnett Square: Juan has type AB blood and Jen is heterozygous for type A blood. A. What are the phenotype ratios? B. What are the genotype ratios? C. What is the chance they will have a baby with type B blood? 21. D. What is the chance they will have a baby with type A blood? Term: Definition: Draw a Picture: Homologous Chromosomes Diploid Cell Haploid Cell Meiosis

5 22. Draw the 1. chromosomes in each of the following stages of Meiosis in the empty cells below: Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Anaphase II Metaphase II Prophase II Telophase II Daughter Cells 23. Kidney cells of a Zebra contain 44 chromosomes. - What is the haploid number of the Zebra? - What is the diploid number of the Zebra? 24. Lilly pollen contains 12 chromosomes. - What is the haploid number of the Lily plant? - What is the diploid number of the Lily plant? 25. An octopus contains 28 chromosomes in its eggs. - What is the haploid number of the Octopus? - What is the diploid number of the Octopus? 26. The muscle cells of a black widow spider have 14 chromosomes. - What is the haploid number of the Black Widow spider? - What is the diploid number of the Black Widow spider?

6 27. Identify the differences between the processes of mitosis and meiosis: Type of cell created: (somatic or gametes) Examples of cells in the body created by this process: Number of chromosomes created in humans by this cell division: Number of times the cell divides: Mitosis Meiosis Daughter cells are unique, or identical to parent cell? 28. Define a tetrad. 29. Draw a tetrad: 30. Label the sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes in your drawing. 31. When does Crossing over occur? 32. What happens during crossing over? 33. Explain why meiosis helps to create more genetic diversity?