UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA PLANO DE ENSINO DA DISCIPLINA

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1 Data Aprovação: 10/07/2013 Data Desativação: Nº Créditos : 5 Carga Horária Total: Carga Horária Teórica: Carga Horária Prática: Carga Horária Teórica/Prátical: Carga Horária Seminário: Carga Horária Laboratório: Programa: AGRONOMIA Conteúdo: Lectures, educational activities, and learning outcomes Background questionnaire Lecture 1: Agricultural ecosystems, epidemiology related to population biology, coevolutionary processes, gene for gene hypothesis and boom and bust cycles. Group work on basic concepts on epidemiology, population biology and co-evolutionary processes Class discussion Reading assignment on epidemiology, population biology and co-evolutionary processes followed by critical discussion by the group. Class seminar on reading assignment: Which are the main points of the assigned reading on basic concepts on epidemiology, population biology and co-evolutionary processes? Debate in class. Learning outcomes: Familiarity with the diverse approaches to research pathogen s evolution in agroecosysems and understanding of its implications to agricultural sustainability. Understanding and capacity to use, in an adequate academic context, key concepts on plant pathogen s population biology, epidemiology, population genetics and pathogen s evolutionary potential. Development by the student of his or her own mental frameworks in relation to: a) evolutionary forces affecting plant pathogen s populations; b) risk analyses and models of plant pathogen s evolution in the agroecosystems; c) long lasting disease management strategies based on the understanding of pathogen s evolutionary potential

2 Assessment: Write an one-page report based on personal reflection on the theme. Lecture 2: Genetic marker technologies used for studies on population biology and the evolution of plant pathogens. Reading assignment on genetic marker technologies followed by critical discussion by the group. Class seminar on reading assignment: Which are the main points of the assigned reading on genetic marker technologies for population biology? Debate in class. Learning outcomes: Understanding the genetic marker technologies used for studies on population biology and on the evolution of plant pathogens. Lecture 3: Overview of evolutionary processes, mutation and population size. Genetic drift, founder events and bottlenecks. Reading assignment on evolutionary processes overview followed by critical discussion by the group. Learning outcomes: Understanding the evolutionary processes shapping pathogens populations: I. Mutation. II. Genetic drift Lecture 4: Gene flow and genotype flow, island models and stepping stone models, gene flow and genotype flow examples Reading assignment on gene flow followed by critical discussion by the group. Class seminar on reading assignment: Which are the main points of the assigned reading on gene flow? Debate in class. Learning outcomes: Understanding the evolutionary processes shapping pathogens populations: III. Gene flow. Lecture 5: Concept of Nm, balance between drift and flow, metapopulation models. Reading assignment on balance drift and selection and metapopulation models, followed by critical discussion by the group. Learning outcomes: Understanding the balance between evolutionary processes determining population size and metapopulations: Nm, balance between drift and gene flow

3 Lecture 6: Mating/reproduction systems, assortative and disassortative mating systems, mixed reproduction systems, gene and genotype diversity, recombination and R-gene pyramids. Reading assignment on reproductive systems, followed by identification of the significance of the reproductive system on the evolution of plant pathogens. Learning outcomes: Understanding the evolutionary processes shapping pathogens populations: IV. Mating/reproductive systems. Understanding the importance of mating/reproduction systems on the evolution of plant pathogens in the agroecosystem. Lecture 7: Natural selection, neutral vs. balance model, overdominance, directional, disruptive, stabilizing, selection models. Key aspects on the evolution of plant pathogen. Reading assignment on natural selection and key aspects of evolution of plant pathogens, followed by critical discussion by the group. Learning outcomes: Understanding the evolutionary processes shapping pathogens populations: V.Natural selection. Understanding natural selection as the key aspect on the evolution of plant pathogens in the agroecosystem. Lecture 8: Pathogen fitness and selection coefficients, Leonard s models and limit cycles, recycling R-genes. Reading assignment on pathogen fitness and selection coefficients, followed by critical discussion by the group. Class seminar on reading assignment: Which are the main points of the assigned reading on pathogen fitness and evolution in the agroecosystem? Debate in class. Learning outcomes: Understanding pathogen fitness and how to exploit fitness-reduction selection approaches in the agroecosystem Lecture 9: Interactions among evolutionary forces, genetic structure of pathogen populations Reading assignment Class seminar on reading assignment on interactions of evolutionary forces, followed by critical discussion by the group. Debate in class.

4 Learning outcomes: Understanding the interactions among evolutionary forces structuring plant pathogens populations Lecture 10: Risk assessment of pathogens evolution in agroecosystems and breeding strategies for durable resistance and disease management strategies to avoid fungicide resistance. Reading assignment. Class seminar on reading assignment on pathogen population genetics risk assessment of pathogens evolution in agroecosystems, followed by critical discussion by the group. Debate in class. Learning outcomes: Understanding models of risk assessment of pathogen evolution in agroecosystems and breading for durable disease resistance criteria based on population genetics parameters Group work: Research, writing and presentation preparation on Research approaches on topics on plant pathogens evolution. Preparation of Learning Report Panel of presenters on Research approaches on topics on plant pathogens evolution Learning outcomes: Awareness of research approaches in plant pathogen evolution Assessment: Oral presentations (all groups). Learning Report. Ementa: Syllabus 1. Genetic marker technologies used for population biology and evolution of plant pathogens. 2. Agricultural ecosystems, coevolutionary processes, epidemiology related to population biology, gene for gene hypothesis and boom and bust cycles 3. Overview of evolutionary processes, mutation and population size. Genetic drift, founder events and bottlenecks. 4. Gene flow and genotype flow, island models and stepping stone models, gene flow and genotype flow examples 5. Concept of Nm, balance between drift and flow, metapopulation models

5 Bibliografia: 6. Mating/reproduction systems, assortative and disassortative mating systems, mixed reproduction systems, gene and genotype diversity, recombination and R-gene pyramids 7. Natural selection, neutral vs. balance model, overdominance, directional, disruptive, stabilizing, selection models 8. Pathogen fitness and selection coefficients, Leonard s models and limit cycles, recycling R-genes 9. Interactions among evolutionary forces, genetic structure of pathogen populations 10. Examples of pathogen population genetics in agroecosystems, risk assessment and breeding strategies for durable resistance Recommended literature Anderson PK, Cunningham AA, Patel NG, Morales FJ, Epstein PR, Daszak P Emerging infectious diseases of plants: pathogen pollution, climate change and agrotechnology drivers. Trends in Ecol & Evol 19(10): McDonald, B.A Population Genetics of Plant Pathogens. The Plant Health Instructor. doi: /phi-a ( McDonald, B. A., Linde C. Pathogen population genetics, evolutionary potential, and durable resistance. Annual Review of Phytopathology 40: 349-+, 2002 Stukenbrock EH, McDonald BA The origins of plant pathogens in agro-ecosystems. Annual Review of Phytopathology 46(1): Additional literature: Anikster, Y., Wahl, I Coevolution of the rust fungi on Gramineae and Liliaceae and their hosts. Annual Review of Phytopathology 17: Burdon J.J., Thrall P.H Coevolution at multiple spatial scales: Linum marginale-melampsora lini - from the individual to the species. Evolutionary Ecology 14:

6 Burdon J.J Diseases and Plant Population Biology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Burdon J.J., Thrall P.H., Brown A.H.D Resistance and virulence structure in two Linum marginale-melampsora lini host-pathogen metapopulations with different mating systems. Evolution 53: Futuyma, D.J Evolutionary Biology. Third Edition. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA. Futuyuma, D.J. and Slatkin, M. eds Coevolution. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland. MA. Hartl, D. L. and A. G. Clark, Principles of Population Genetics. Third Edition. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts. Hartl, D.L A Primer of Population Genetics. Third Edition. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts. Janzen, D.H When is it coevolution? Evolution 34: Tooley, P.W., Fry, W.E., Gonzalez, M.J.V Isozyme characterization of sexual and asexual Phytophthora infestans populations. Journal of Heredity 76: Wolfe, M.S., and Caten C.E., eds Populations of Plant Pathogens: Their Dynamics and Genetics. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Oxford, UK. Objetivos: Journals: Evolution, Evolutionary Ecology, Journal of Heredity, Molecular Ecology, Mycologia, Phytopathology, Plant Disease Plant diseases have had and continue to have direct relevance and impact on agriculture. Consequently, Plant pathology has been an important subject in Agrisciences curriculum. However, EPPA is a rather new topic in Plant Pathology that deserves awareness because South American Agriculture has been particularly vulnerable to the continuous emergence of plant pathogens in a range of diverse ecosystem where agriculture is practiced. (EPPA) will focus on two general topics: 1) molecular methods for detection, identification and genotyping of plant pathogens, and; 2) pathogen population biology, population genetics and evolution. The course will begin with a brief presentation of genetic marker technologies used in plant pathology. The goals of this course are to describe how plant pathogens evolve in agricultural ecosystems.

7 Critérios: Expected competency: 1. Ability to understand concepts on population biology, population genetics and evolution of plant pathogens 2. Understanding how pathogens evolve in the agroecosystem 3. Capacity to identity and choose the genetic marker technologies for evolutionary studies 4. Capacity to identify the evolutionary forces shaping populations of plant pathogens in agricultural ecosystems 5. Capacity to identify evolutionary risks and develop long-lasting disease management strategies based on the understanding of pathogen s evolutionary potential 6. Critical and self-critical abilities on the evolution of plant pathogens. Assessment: Written reports and oral essays: oral presentation (seminar); student participation in class; one-page reports on personal reflection on the theme; final report (a ten-page researchproposal-style). Nota de Aproveitamento/Conceito (Grading system) From 9.0 to 10.0 = A (pass) from 7.0 to 8.9 = B (pass) from 5.0 to 6.9 = C (pass) less than 5.0 = D (fail)