Lunar Eclipses:
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1 Lunar Eclipses: Page 1 of 4 Lunar Eclipses: Fred Espenak During the twenty-five year period , the Moon will swing through some portion of Earth's shadow a total of fifty-eight times. Twenty-three of these events result in penumbral lunar eclipses, twelve of them are partial (umbral) eclipses, twenty-three more are total lunar eclipses. Local circumstances at the instant of greatest eclipse 1 for every event during this quarter century period are presented in Table 1. The date and Universal Time of the instant of greatest eclipse are found in the first two columns. The eclipse type is given (T=Total, P=Partial [Umbral], or P=Penumbral) along with the Saros series, as defined by van den Bergh (1955). The penumbral and umbral magnitudes of the eclipse are defined as the fraction of the Moon's diameter obscured by either shadow at greatest eclipse. The partial and total semi-durations of the eclipse along with the Greenwich Siderial Time at midnight, and the Moon's Right Ascension and Declination are listed. The start and end times of the partial eclipse can be calculated by respectively subrtacting and adding the partial semi-duration (i.e. - Par. SDur) to the instant of greatest eclipse. Likewise, the start and end times of the total eclipse can be calculated by respectively subrtacting and adding the total semi-duration (i.e. - Total SDur) to the instant of greatest eclipse. The altitude 'a' and azimuth 'A' of the Moon during any phase of an eclipse depends on the time and the observer's geographic coordinates. Neglecting the effects of atmospheric refraction and lunar parallax, 'a' and 'A' are calculated as follows: h = 15 (GST0 + UT - ra ) + l a = ArcSin [ Sin d Sin f + Cos d Cos h Cos f ] A = ArcTan [ - (Cos d Sin h) / (Sin d Cos f - Cos d Cos h Sin f) ] where: h = Hour Angle of Sun or Moon a = Altitude A = Azimuth GST0 = Greenwich Sidereal Time at 0:00 UT UT = Universal Time ra = Right Ascension of Sun or Moon d = Declination of Sun or Moon l = Observer's Longitude (East +, West -) f = Observer's Latitude (North +, South -) 1 Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's
2 Lunar Eclipses: Page 2 of 4 shadows. This marks the instant when the Moon is deepest in Earth's shadow(s). Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: Local Circumstances at Greatest Eclipse: Saros Pen. Umb. Par.Total Moon Moon Date U.T. Type # Gamma Mag. Mag. SDur SDur GST0 RA Dec 1996 Apr 4 00:10 T m 43m Sep 27 02:54 T m 35m Mar 24 04:39 U m Sep 16 18:47 T m 31m Mar 13 04:20 P Aug 8 02:25 P Sep 6 11:10 P Jan 31 16:17 P Jul 28 11:34 U m Jan 21 04:43 T m 39m Jul 16 13:56 T m 54m Jan 9 20:21 T m 31m Jul 5 14:55 U m Dec 30 10:29 P May 26 12:03 P Jun 24 21:27 P Nov 20 01:46 P May 16 03:40 T m 26m Nov 9 01:18 T m 12m May 4 20:30 T m 38m Oct 28 03:04 T m 41m Apr 24 09:55 P Oct 17 12:03 U m Mar 14 23:47 P Sep 7 18:51 U m Mar 3 23:21 T m 37m Aug 28 10:37 T m 45m Feb 21 03:26 T m 25m Aug 16 21:10 U m Feb 9 14:38 P Jul 7 09:38 P Aug 6 00:39 P Dec 31 19:23 U m Jun 26 11:38 U m Dec 21 08:17 T m 37m Jun 15 20:12 T m 50m Dec 10 14:32 T m 26m Jun 4 11:03 U m Nov 28 14:33 P Apr 25 20:07 U m May 25 04:10 Pb Oct 18 23:50 P Apr 15 07:45 T m 39m Oct 8 10:54 T m 30m Apr 4 12:00 T m 6m Sep 28 02:47 T m 36m Mar 23 11:47 P Sep 16 18:54 P Feb 11 00:44 P Aug 7 18:20 U m Jan 31 13:30 T m 38m
3 Lunar Eclipses: Page 3 of Jul 27 20:22 T m 52m Jan 21 05:12 T m 31m Jul 16 21:31 U m Jan 10 19:10 P Jun 5 19:25 P Jul 5 04:30 P Nov 30 09:43 P Key for table of Lunar Eclipses: Column Heading Definition/Description 1 Date Calendar Date (Gregorian) at instant of Greatest Eclipse. 2 Greatest Time (UT) of Greatest Eclipse, which is Eclipse defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadows. 3 Type Type of lunar eclipse where: T = Total Eclipse. (Tc = central total eclipse) U = Partial (Umbral) Eclipse. P = Penumbral Eclipse. 4 Saros Saros series of eclipse. 5 Gamma Distance of the Moon from the axis of Earth's shadow cone (units of equatorial radii) at the instant of greatest eclipse. 6 Pen. Penumbral eclipse magnitude is the fraction of Mag. the Moon's diameter obscured by the penumbra. 7 Umb. Umbral eclipse magnitude is the fraction of Mag. the Moon's diameter obscured by the umbra. 8 Par. Semi-duration of partial (umbral) eclipse (minutes). SDur 9 Total Semi-duration of total (umbral) eclipse (minutes). SDur 10 GST0 Greenwich Siderial Time at 00:00 U.T.. 11 Moon Geocentric Right Ascension of the Moon RA at greatest eclipse. 12 Moon Geocentric Declination of the Moon Dec at greatest eclipse. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. This table is based on data originally published in Fifty Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses: Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment. WebMaster: Fred Espenak Planetary Systems Branch - Code espenak@lepvax.gsfc.nasa.gov
4 Lunar Eclipses: Page 4 of 4 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland USA Last revised: 1997 Sep 29 - F. Espenak
5 LE2000Jan21T.GIF at planets.gsfc.nasa.gov Page 1 of /04/98
6 LE2001Jan09T.GIF at planets.gsfc.nasa.gov Page 1 of /04/98
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