THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
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- Luke Hutchinson
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1 THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT THE INFLUENCE OF: LIGHT, WATER & TEMPERATURE ON PLANT GROWTH ACORN Presents: Organic Greenhouse Growers Conference Profiting From Your Greenhouse Effect: The Essentials Of Season Extension Debert Hospitality and Convention Centre February 28 29, 2012
2 THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT THE INFLUENCE OF: LIGHT, WATER & TEMPERATURE ON PLANT GROWTH
3 WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
4 NUTRIENTS WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
5 NUTRIENTS WATER WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
6 NUTRIENTS WATER CO 2 and O 2 WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
7 NUTRIENTS WATER CO 2 and O 2 LIGHT WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
8 NUTRIENTS WATER CO 2 and O 2 LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
9 NUTRIENTS WATER CO 2 and O 2 LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE (Absence Of Pests) WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
10 NUTRIENTS WATER CO 2 and O 2 LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE (Absence Of Pests) (Nutrients, Water, & O 2 Available Via a Substrate) WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
11 GROWING PLANTS IS BASICALLY: THE HARVESTING OF LIGHT
12 Photosynthesis & Rate is Temperature Dependent
13 NUTRIENTS WATER CO 2 and O 2 LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE (Absence Of Pests) (Substrate) WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
14 NUTRIENTS WATER CO 2 and O 2 LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE (Absence Of Pests) WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
15 WATER
16 NUTRIENTS WATER CO 2 and O 2 LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE (Absence Of Pests) WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
17 CO 2 O 2 O 2 CO 2
18 NUTRIENTS WATER CO 2 and O 2 LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE (Absence Of Pests) WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
19 LIGHT
20 NUTRIENTS WATER CO 2 and O 2 LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE (Absence Of Pests) WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
21 TEMPERATURE
22 THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT THE INFLUENCE OF: LIGHT, WATER & TEMPERATURE ON PLANT GROWTH
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30 Noggins Corner Farm Greenwich, NS - Fall 2009
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35 HILLENDALE PERENNIALS Part Time Farm Business Specializing in Landscape Perennials & Various Other Specialty (Mainly Ornamental) Crops / Products / Services All Direct (Retail) Marketed Crops / Products: Herbaceous Perennials (100 s of species / cv.) Late Season Patio/Deck Planters (annuals) Outdoor Cut Flowers (fresh & dried) Christmas Decorative Products Mid Season Lily Planters Potted Roses Culinary Herb Potted Gardens Miscellaneous: Potted Dwarf Sunflowers, Potted Calla Lilies, Native Plants, Lily Bulbs Services: Perennial (& Mixed) Border Designs
36 dried flowers fresh cut flowers potted sunflowers potted herbs culinary annual planters perennials
37 THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT THE INFLUENCE OF: LIGHT, WATER & TEMPERATURE ON PLANT GROWTH
38 WATER
39 Water Has 4 Main Roles (Broad Sense) Solvent - gases, inorganic and organic compounds are dissolved; the medium in which they enter cells. Reagent - part of many cellular reactions and processes Structure - present in plant cells, maintain turgor. Coolant - transpiration
40 Water Quality and Quantity? Too little / Too Much? How Much: Crop, Stage of Growth, Outside Weather, Season, Growing Medium, Method of Fertilization How to Determine When plants Need Watering? Water Stress Can Occur Under 4 conditions How Applied? When? Soil Drainage (perimeter effect)
41 Relative Humidity Definition? Optimum? Control? Temperature ( o C) H 2 O Content (g/m 3 )
42 LIGHT
43 LIGHT Major Photoresponses in Plants 1. Photosynthesis 2. Chlorophyll Synthesis 3. Phototropism 4. Photoperiodism 5. Photomorphogenesis
44 LIGHT Major Photoresponses in Plants 1. Photosynthesis 2. Chlorophyll Synthesis 3. Phototropism 4. Photoperiodism 5. Photomorphogenesis
45 Photosynthesis & Rate is Temperature Dependent
46 LIGHT Major Photoresponses in Plants 1. Photosynthesis 2. Chlorophyll Synthesis 3. Phototropism 4. Photoperiodism 5. Photomorphogenesis
47 LIGHT Major Photoresponses in Plants 1. Photosynthesis 2. Chlorophyll Synthesis 3. Phototropism Phototropism is a directional growth response to light, that is a bending response of plants stimulated by light. 4. Photoperiodism 5. Photomorphogenesis
48 LIGHT Major Photoresponses in Plants 1. Photosynthesis 2. Chlorophyll Synthesis 3. Phototropism 4. Photoperiodism short day, long day, & day neutral plants 5. Photomorphogenesis
49 LIGHT Major Photoresponses in Plants 1. Photosynthesis 2. Chlorophyll Synthesis 3. Phototropism 4. Photoperiodism 5. Photomorphogenesis
50 LIGHT Major Photoresponses in Plants 1. Photosynthesis 2. Chlorophyll Synthesis 3. Phototropism 4. Photoperiodism 5. Photomorphogenesis
51 Characteristics? Intensity -depends on? -measured in? -artificial? Duration Quality LIGHT
52 LIGHT Characteristics? Intensity in the greenhouse -depends on? Type of Structure (style & structural components) Covering Material(s) (type, # of layers, cleanliness, condensation) Greenhouse Orientation Latitude Local Climate & Weather Time of Year Shadows
53 Light Plant Growth Rate (Photosynthesis Respiration) Light Compensation Point (mid Nov to mid February?) Light Saturation Point
54 TEMPERATURE
55 Photosynthesis & Rate is Temperature Dependent
56 Greenhouse Temperature; Factors To Consider Greenhouses heat up for 2 reasons: 1.because of the greenhouse effect 2. because the greenhouse is an enclosed space
57 Greenhouse Temperature; Factors To Consider The extent to which the temperature of a greenhouse rises above outdoor temperatures is dependent on : 1. Amount of solar radiant energy transmitted through the greenhouse covering 2. What happens to that energy 3. How much is retained within the structure
58 Greenhouse Temperature, As with Light Intensity, Also Influenced By: Type of Structure (style & structural components) Covering Material(s) (type, # of layers, cleanliness, condensation) Greenhouse Orientation Latitude Local Climate & Weather Time of Year Shadows PLUS, OF COURSE, HEAT FROM ANY ARTIFICIAL HEATING SYSTEM
59 Greenhouse Temperature: Air temperature Leaf Temperature Substrate Temperature Irrigation Water Temperature
60 Greenhouse Temperature Basic Plant Growth Processes (Photosynthesis, Respiration, Protein Synthesis & Other Plant Processes) Plant Growth Rate (Photosynthesis Respiration) Optimum Day/Night Temperatures Combinations Temperature Affects (minimum, optimum, maximum) Seed Germination Vegetative Growth Flowering (Flower Initiation & Development)
61 Greenhouse Temperature Substrate Temperature Affects: *decomposition of organic matter & availability of nutrients (effect on soil microorganisms; <10C?) *adsorption of water & nutrients Factors affecting substrate temperatures: greenhouse air temperature (lags?). crop cover bench type -how much is influenced by substrate volume (shallow trays/small pots - larger containers beds container (pot) colour * Substrate temperature and plant diseases Pythium usually more severe at lower temperatures Rhizoctonia usually more severe at higher temperatures
62 Greenhouse Temperature Temperature of the Irrigation Water: * irrigation water temperature and substrate temperature differential? * soilless substrates in containers versus soils in beds? * crops? * pathogens?
63 Temperature Temperature ranges ( C) for seed germination, growth and development of: cool-season, moderate-season, and warm-season vegetable crops.
64 Temperature (Celsius) Cool Season Crops: Beet, Broad Bean, Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Cabbage, Chard, Chives, Collards, Garlic, Kale, Leek, Onion, Parsnip, Peas, Radish, Rutabaga, Shallot, Spinach Seed Germination Min=2; Opt=10-20; Max=35 Development Min=4; Opt=13-24; Max=30
65 Temperature (Celsius) Moderate-Season Crops: Artichoke, Carrot, Cauliflower, Celery, Chinese Cabbages, Endive, Lettuce, Lima Bean, Mustard Greens, Parsley, Potato, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn Seed Germination Min=4; Opt=13-28; Max=35 Development Min=7; Opt=15-26; Max=32
66 Temperature (Celsius) Warm-Season Crops: Cucumber, Eggplant, Melons, Okra, Peppers (sweet and hot), Pumpkin, Squash, Sweet Potato Seed Germination Min=15; Opt=20-30; Max=40 Development Min=15; Opt=18-25; Max=37
67 Temperature High & Low temperature injury High: Peas : >30C flower abortion Corn : >34C (poor pollination) plants can survive >45C for short periods Low: Basil +10 Kale -14 C.
68 CROP CATEGORIES Baby Leaf Salad Greens Cool Season Leafy Vegetables Cool Season Heading Vegetables Cool Season Root Vegetables Warm Season Vegetables Culinary Herbs Cut Flowers Small Fruit
69 QUESTIONS?
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