How could Penning-Trap Mass Spectrometry. be useful to. Neutrino Physics? Sergey Eliseev Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg

Transcription

1 How could Penning-Trap Mass Spectrometry be useful to Neutrino Physics? Sergey Eliseev Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg MEDEX, Prague, May 31, 2017

2 OUTLINE Basics of Penning-Trap Mass Spectrometry PTMS for Neutrino Physics Type of Neutrinos neutrinoless double beta-processes Determination of Neutrino Mass Search for sterile Neutrinos

3 Basics of Penning-Trap Mass Spectrometry

4 M ( Z, N) = Z( m + m ) + Nm B( Z, N) / c e p n 2 Proton Number Z Binding Energies Separation Energies Q-values Decay modes Half-lives Shell structure Deformation Pairing Halos Nucleosynthesis... Neutron Number N

5 Field Examples δm/m Nuclear structure physics Astrophysics nuclear models mass formula Weak interaction studies Metrology, fundamental constants Neutrino physics CPT tests QED in HCI shell closures, shell quenching, regions of deformation, drip lines, halos, S n, S p, S 2n, S 2p, δv pn, island of stability rp-process and r-process path, waiting-point nuclei, proton threshold energies, astrophysical reaction rates, neutron star, x-ray burst CVC hypothesis, CKM matrix unitarity, Ft of superallowed ß-emitters α (h/m Cs, m Cs /m p, m p /m e ), m Si m mother m daughter : 0νββ, 0ν2EC sterile neutrinos neutrino mass m p and m p m e- and m e+ m ion, electron binding energy 10-6 to to <10-11 <10-11

6 Penning trap (the most accurate mass spectrometer!!! ) strong uniform static B-field B Mass Frequency Magnetic field of a few Tesla Homogeniety of B-field: 10-7 /cm 3 Trapping volume: a few microns 3 High temporal stability of B-field 1 q ν c = 2π m B q/m uncertainty of < in mass-ratio determination M p Q = M p M d = M d ( - 1) M d

7 SHIPTRAP JYFLTRAP TRIGATRAP MLLTRAP B B < h -1 strong uniform static B-field B THe-TRAP Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg B B < h -1 q/m 1 q ν c = 2π m B

8 strong uniform magnetic field harmonic electrical potential 3 eigenmotions in trap + = c = ν + + ν ν z long-lived and stable nuclides ν + ν c = ν ν + + short-lived nuclides δν ν c c c δν c ν <10 10 >10 10 Rev. Mod. Phys. 58, 233 (1986).

9 On-line Penning-trap facilities for experiments on exotic nuclides TITAN SHIPTRAP TRIGATRAP JYFLTRAP MLLTRAP CPT LEBIT ISOLTRAP achievable accuracy of mass measurements short-lived nuclides : δm/m ~ long-lived nuclides : δm/m ~ 10-10

10 Off-line Penning-trap setups for experiments on long-lived nuclides FSU achievable accuracy of mass measurements long-lived and stable nuclides : δm/m < 10-10

11 Off-line Penning-trap setups for experiments on long-lived nuclides THe-TRAP FSU CHIP-TRAP PENTATRAP achievable accuracy of mass measurements long-lived and stable nuclides : δm/m < 10-11

12 High Precision PTMS Q = M mother - M daughter of β and ββ transitions type of neutrinos < < neutrino mass sterile neutrinos

13 High Precision PTMS Q = M mother - M daughter of β and ββ transitions type of neutrinos < < neutrino mass sterile neutrinos

14 double-electron-capture nuclides 184 Os 190 Pt proton number 96 Zr 112 Sn 130 Ba 124 Xe 82 Se neutron number double β-decay nuclides

15 Neutrinoless Double-β Decay Contribution of Penning Traps: measurements of Q 2β values with a sub-kev uncertainty transition T 1/2 / y <m ν >/ ev Experiment 136 Xe 136 Ba > < KamLAND-Zen 76 Ge 76 Se > < GERDA-I + GERDA-II 130 Te 130 Xe > < CUORICINO + CUORE0 100 Mo 100 Ru > < NEMO-3 82 Se 82 Kr > < NEMO Cd 116 Sn > < AURORA 48 Ca 48 Ti > < CANDLES 150 Nd 150 Sm > < NEMO-3 96 Zr 96 Mo > < NEMO-3 A.S. Barabash, arxiv: v1 (2017)

16 Neutrinoless Double-β Decay Contribution of Penning Traps: measurements of Q 2β values with a sub-kev uncertainty transition Q / kev δq / kev Experiment 136 Xe 136 Ba FSU-trap (2007) 76 Ge 76 Se MIT-trap (2001) 130 Te 130 Xe FSU-trap (2009) 100 Mo 100 Ru JYFLTRAP (2008) 82 Se 82 Kr LEBIT-trap (2013) 116 Cd 116 Sn JYFLTRAP (2013) 48 Ca 48 Ti LEBIT-trap (2013) 150 Nd 150 Sm JYFLTRAP (2010) 96 Zr 96 Mo JYFLTRAP (2016)

17 Neutrinoless Double-Electron Capture 1 T 2 2 2h ~ M0ν εε m ν 2 1 1/2 2 ( Q B E γ ) + Γ 2h 2h Γ 4 R. G. Winter, Phys. Rev. 100 (1955) 142. M. B. Voloshin, G. V. Mitselmakher, R. A. Eramzhyan, JETP Lett. 35 (1982) 656. J. Bernabeu, A. De Rujula, C. Jarlskog, Nucl. Phys. B 223 (1983) 15. M. I. Krivoruchenko, F. Simkovic, D. Frekers, A. Faessler, Nucl. Phys. A 859 (2011) 140. TT 11/22 11; mmeeee y TT 11/22 11; 5555 mmeeee y

18 Neutrinoless Double-Electron Capture double-electron-capture nuclides 15 nuclides 184 Os 190 Pt proton number 82 Se 96 Zr 112 Sn 130 Ba 124 Xe Measurement of Q=M i -M f with δq ~ 100 ev double β-decay nuclides neutron number

19 Neutrinoless Double-Electron Capture transition Q / kev δq / kev Experiment 112 Sn 112 Cd JYFLTRAP (2009) 74 Se 74 Ge FSU-trap (2010) 136 Ce 136 Ba SHIPTRAP (2011) JYFLTRAP (2011) 184 Os 184 W TRIGATRAP (2012) 190 Pt 190 Os LEBIT-trap (2016) 152 Gd 152 Sm Er 164 Dy W 180 Hf Ru 96 Mo Er 162 Dy Yb 168 Er Cd 106 Pd Dy 156 Gd Xe 124 Te Ba 130 Xe SHIPTRAP (2011,2012)

20 152 Gd 152 Sm transition between nuclear ground states Q (old)/ kev (old)/ kev Q (new)/ kev (new)/ kev 54.6(3.5) -0.2(3.5) 55.7(0.2) 0.9(0.2) Nuclear Matrix Element sqrpa dqrpa IBM-2 EDF D.-L. Fang et al., PRC 85 (2012) J. Kotila et al., PRC 89 (2014) T.R. Rodrigez & G. Martinez-Pinedo, PRC 85 (2012) TT 11/22 MM = 2; mm νν < 0.25 eeee; ΔΔ > 0.3 kkkkkk > yy

21 156 Dy 156 Gd full degeneracy M 0.3 (IBM-2) J. Kotila et al., PRC 89 (2014) m ν < 0.25 ev T 1/2 ( ) > y M. I. Krivoruchenko, F. Simkovic, D. Frekers, A. Faessler, Nucl. Phys. A 859 (2011) 140.

22 Conclusion: T 1/2 ( ) > y very optimistic 156 Dy, 152 Gd are not good candidates for a search for 0ν2EC

23 0ν2EC in radioactive nuclides? V.I. Tretyak et al., On the possibility to search for 2β decay of initially unstable (α/β radioactive) nuclei, Europhys. Lett. 69 (2005) Gd (2) kev 0 + 2EC, L 1 L 1, =15(6) kev α-decay, T 1/2 = y 150 Sm 0 + Q 2EC = (6.2) kev Q α = 2726(9) kev 146 Sm 0 +

24 0ν2EC in radioactive nuclides? V.I. Tretyak et al., On the possibility to search for 2β decay of initially unstable (α/β radioactive) nuclei, Europhys. Lett. 69 (2005) Gd (2) kev 0 + 2EC, L 1 L 1, =15(6) kev α-decay, T 1/2 = y 150 Sm 0 + Q 2EC = (6.2) kev Q α = 2726(9) kev 146 Sm 0 + Criteria: production - tens of kg purity of produced sample T 1/2 long enough decay mode: α-decay to ground state or low energy EC

25 0ν2EC in radioactive nuclides? V.I. Tretyak et al., On the possibility to search for 2β decay of initially unstable (α/β radioactive) nuclei, Europhys. Lett. 69 (2005) Gd (2) kev 0 + 2EC, L 1 L 1, =15(6) kev α-decay, T 1/2 = y 150 Sm 0 + Q 2EC = (6.2) kev Q α = 2726(9) kev 146 Sm 0 + Criteria: production - tens of kg?????????????????????????? purity of produced sample T 1/2 long enough decay mode: α-decay to ground state or low energy EC

26 High Precision PTMS Q = M mother - M daughter of β and ββ transitions type of neutrinos < < neutrino mass sterile neutrinos

27 Determination of neutrino mass with a sub-ev uncertainty 2/13 mm ννee : β-decay 3 H 3 He + + ee + νν ee + Q β mm ννee : Electron capture 163 Ho + ee 163 Dy + νν ee 163 Dy + νν ee + QQ EEEE Current limit: mm ννee < 2.0 ev (95% C.L.) Current limit: mm ννee < 225 ev NuMECS

28 Determination of neutrino mass with a sub-ev uncertainty mm ννee : β-decay mm ννee : Electron capture Uncertainty which has been achieved until now: δq (tritium decay) 70 mev FSU-trap δq (EC in 163 Ho) 30 ev SHIPTRAP at GSI Required uncertainty in Q-value determination with Penning traps: δq (tritium decay) a few mev THe-trap at MPIK δq (EC in 163 Ho) 1 ev PENTATRAP at MPIK

29 High Precision PTMS Q = M mother - M daughter of β and ββ transitions type of neutrinos < < neutrino mass sterile neutrinos

30 sterile neutrinos Light Sterile Neutrinos: A White Paper K.N. Abazajian et al., arxiv: (2012) A White Paper on kev Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter R. Adhikari et al., arxiv: (2017) Majority of the SM extensions predict the existence of sterile neutrinos SNs do not couple to Z, W gauge bosons SNs and active neutrinos interact via mixing (U 4 ) SNs can have any mass SNs with mass 0.5 kev to 50 kev DM candidates

31 sterile neutrinos Light Sterile Neutrinos: A White Paper K.N. Abazajian et al., arxiv: (2012) A White Paper on kev Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter R. Adhikari et al., arxiv: (2017) Majority of the SM extensions predict the existence of sterile neutrinos SNs do not couple to Z, W gauge bosons SNs and active neutrinos interact via mixing (U 4 ) SNs can have any mass SNs with mass 0.5 kev to 50 kev DM candidates

32 DM sterile neutrinos: 0.5 to 50 kev Tritium Beta Decay Electron Capture R. Adhikari et al., arxiv: (2017) KATRIN Experiment Sensitivity: UU 2 eee < kev < M s < 10 kev M s < 10 kev ECHo Experiment (ECHo-1M) Sensitivity: UU eee 2 < kev < M s < 2 kev M s < 2.8 kev

33 DM sterile neutrinos: 0.5 to 50 kev Electron-Capture Experiments P. Filianin et al. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 41 (2014) nuclide half-life Q / kev B i / kev B j / kev range of max. sensitivity / kev 163 Ho 4570 y 2.555(16) M 1 : (5) N 1 : (5) Np 396 d 124.2(9) K: (16) L 1 : (3) Tb 71 y 60.04(30) K: (5) L 1 : (5) Pb 52 ky 46(14) L 1 : (4) M 1 : (4) Pb 13 My 50.6(5) L 1 : (4) M 1 : (4) Ta 1.82 y 105.6(4) K: (6) L 1 : (4) Pt 50 y 56.63(30) L 1 : (3) M 1 : 3.137(17) 3-13 measurements of Q-values with uncertainties δq < 1eV are reqiured measurement programme for PENTATRAP

34 High Precision PTMS Q = M mother - M daughter of β and ββ transitions type of neutrinos < < neutrino mass sterile neutrinos

35 Thank you for your attention!

36 SHIPTRAP PENTATRAP Q-value of the EC in 163 Ho Q = M( 163 Ho) - M( 163 Dy) for -project Spokesperson: L. Gastaldo, KIP, Heidelberg

37 cryogenic microcalorimetry ~ 250 (40) ev

38 Direct (Penning-trap )measurement of Q-value with an uncertainty of a few ten ev was demanded ~ 250 (40) ev

39 Q Ho = 2833(30 stat )(15 sys ) ev S. Eliseev et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 (2015)

40 PENTATRAP δq ~ 1 ev (δq/m < ) determination of neutrino mass with sub-ev uncertainty

41 PENTATRAP Ion beamline mass-separator EBIT ion source 187 Re ions/s; mass-spectrometer 0

42 Main Features: ν c = 1 2 π q m B ν z 1 = 2 π q m U d 2 stability & homogeneity of B-field stability & harmonicity of U-well highly charged ions cryogenic traps and detection electronics (4 K) five traps FT-ICR fequency-measurement technique stabilization of environment

43 Status of PENTATRAP Production of highly charged ions ( 187 Re 50+, Xe 25+, Ar 8+ ) Transport of HCIs to Penning-trap mass spectrometer Trapping of HCIs for up to 30 min. Measurement of the axial-motion frequency

44 Status of PENTATRAP Improvement of the Experiment Performence

45 (1) next year Q-value of β-decay of 187 Re with ~ 1 ev uncertainty (2) Q-value of electron capture in 163 Ho with ~ 1 ev uncertainty

46 DM sterile neutrinos: 0.5 to 50 kev Tritium Beta Decay Experiments R. Adhikari et al., arxiv: (2017) Troitsk Experiment Sensitivity: UU eee 2 < kev < M s < 10 kev KATRIN Experiment M s < 10 kev

47 DM sterile neutrinos: 0.5 to 50 kev Electron-Capture Experiments R. Adhikari et al., arxiv: (2017) ECHo Experiment ( 163 Ho, Phase ECHo-1M) N M mixing angle Sensitivity: UU 2 eee < kev < M s < 2 kev M s < 2.8 kev

48 DM sterile neutrinos: 0.5 to 50 kev Electron-Capture Experiments P. Filianin et al. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 41 (2014) nuclide half-life Q / kev B i / kev B j / kev range of max. sensitivity / kev 163 Ho 4570 y 2.555(16) M 1 : (5) N 1 : (5) Np 396 d 124.2(9) K: (16) L 1 : (3) Tb 71 y 60.04(30) K: (5) L 1 : (5) Pb 52 ky 46(14) L 1 : (4) M 1 : (4) Pb 13 My 50.6(5) L 1 : (4) M 1 : (4) Ta 1.82 y 105.6(4) K: (6) L 1 : (4) Pt 50 y 56.63(30) L 1 : (3) M 1 : 3.137(17) 3-13 measurements of Q-values with uncertainties δq < 1eV are reqiured measurement programme for PENTATRAP