Aquaculture Immersion Excursion 2009 Teacher Workshop. Using Dichotomous Keys M. Dennis Hanisak
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1 Aquaculture Immersion Excursion 2009 Teacher Workshop Using Dichotomous Keys M. Dennis Hanisak 1
2 Outline 1. Identification of Organisms 2. What Is a Dichotomous Key? 3. Examples of Dichotomous Keys 4. Activity: Plant Identification Using Dichotomous Keys 2
3 Identification of Organisms Correct identification is needed so that observations about a particular organism can be communicated Biologists have developed taxonomic criteria for delineating species Organisms are grouped/classified based on shared characteristics Taxonomic keys have been devised to facilitate identification for people who are not all experts Remember that taxonomy is our human attempt to simplify/better understand nature and will always be somewhat artificial 3
4 Classification of Organisms Classification of organisms involves placing them into categories Example 1: Seaweeds Color is an important characteristic 4
5 Classification of Organisms Classification of organisms involves placing them into categories Example 2: Freshwater Plants Habit is an important characteristic 5
6 Dichotomous Key Dichotomous = Divided into two parts A dichotomous key is a classification tool, used to sort, organize, and identify a collection of objects or living things A dichotomous key consists of a series of statements with two choices that describe characteristics Each choice leads to additional statements until arriving at the name of the organism being examined Characteristics can be quantitative or qualitative Careful observation of specimens is needed 6
7 Dichotomous Keys An individual key generally focus on a particular group of organisms and/or specific locations It is important to have the right key to identify a particular organism under study otherwise, you will not make a correct identification! Some keys suffer from the use of imprecise terms; the best keys use objective, quantitative characteristics, rather than subjective ones After a tentative identification with a key, it is good practice to the species description to confirm the identification. 7
8 Dichotomous Key: A Fun Example Norns Norno sp. Norns belong to the genus Norno Eight species of Norno that are generally located in specific regions of the world. A dichotomous key can be used to identify this species of norn. 8
9 A Dichotomous Key for Norns 1. Has pointed ears... go to 3 Has rounded ears... go to 2 2. Has no tail... kentuckyus Has tail... dakotus 3. Ears point upward... go to 5 Ears point downward... go to 4 4. Engages in waving behavior... dallus Has hairy tufts on ears... californius 5. Engages in waving behavior... walawala Does not engage in waving behavior... go to 6 9
10 A Dichotomous Key for Florida Seagrasses 10 Littler et al. 2008
11 Example of Field Guide Information 11 Littler et al. 2008
12 Example of Field Guide Information 12 Littler et al. 2008
13 Example of Field Guide Information 13 Littler et al. 2008
14 Example of Field Guide Information Littler et al
15 Activity: Plant Identification Using Dichotomous Keys Let s See If It Works! Sometimes There Are Challenges! Classify This! 15
16 References/Additional Reading Hoyer, M.V., D.E. Canfield, Jr., C.A. Horsburgh, and K. Brown Florida Freshwater Plants: Handbook of Common Aquatic Plants in Florida Lakes. 264 pp. Littler, D.S. and M.M. Littler Caribbean Reef Plants: An Identification Guide to the Reef Plants of the Caribbean, Bahamas, Florida and Gulf of Mexico. Offshore Graphics, Inc., Washington, D.C. 542 pp. Littler, D.S., M.M. Littler, and M.D. Hanisak Submersed Plants of the Indian River Lagoon. OffShore Graphics, Inc. 286 pages. Norns: Introduction to a fun dichotomous key Plant Aquaculture Module Activity: Plant Identification Using Dichotomous Keys 16
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