Unit 8 Classification
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1 Unit 8 Classification Chapter 18: Classification Finding Order in Diversity (510) 18.2 Modern Evolutionary Classification (516) 18.3 Building the Tree of Life (523) Name: Teacher: Period: TEKS 4A Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 8A Define taxonomy and recognize the importance of a standardized taxonomic system to the scientific community. 8B Categorize organisms using a hierarchical classification systems based on similarities and differences shared among groups. 8C Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
2 Introduction to Classifying Part A: Arrange the items listed into different groups. Give each group a title indicating what the members of that group have in common. 1) German Shepard, Great Dane, parrot, Irish Setter, canary, husky, robin, pigeon Title: Title: 2) steak, football, sausage, chair, table, bacon, sofa, baseball bat, cleats, ham, bookcase Title: Title: Title: Part B: Study the following list of living things: mare, trout, parrot, quarter horse, woodpecker, spaniel, goldfish, Great Dane, eagle, bass, beagle, hawk, stallion, Dalmatian, shark 1) Classify them into two groups: Group 1: Group 2: 2) Classify them into three groups: 1: 2: 3: 1
3 Classification Terminology Term Definition Scientist who studies the science of classification Category into which related organisms are placed Science of classifying and naming living things Two-word naming system Study of structure and function Same structure with different functions Different structure with same functions Branching diagram showing proposed evolutionary relationships among organisms A group of species that includes a single common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor-living and extinct Classification diagram linking groups of organisms by showing how evolutionary lines branched off from common ancestors A trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a particular lineage and was passed along to its descendants 2
4 Classification Information 1. Why is it confusing to identify organisms by their common name? 2. What is the name of the scientist that created the modern classification system? 3. Identify in the table below the levels of organization used to classify organisms. D K P C O F G s Taxa Level Description 4. Why did scientists originally place bacteria in their own kingdom? 5. What fundamental traits did Linnaeus use to separate plants from animals? 6. What is the correct way to write scientific names in the binomial nomenclature system? 3
5 Human Classification Fill in the table with the taxon levels for a human. Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species Basis for Modern Taxonomy Modern taxonomists classify organisms based on their. SIMILARITES Internal and external features Proteins used, carbohydrates produced, lipids used DNA, embryos Way the organism reacts, mating patterns, migration patterns, etc. 4
6 Classification Characteristics 1-CELL TYPE Description Prokaryotic Eukaryotic 2-# OF CELLS Unicellular Multicellular 3-MODE OF NUTRITION (How the organism gets nutrition) Autotrophic Photosynthetic Chemosynthetic Heterotrophic All organisms are placed into three broad groups called Domains. Domain Description Kingdoms within Archae Bacteria Eukarya 5
7 Dichotomous Key Tool scientists use to. EXAMPLE: 6
8 Kingdom Classification Chart (p. 524) Domain Kingdom Number of Cells Cell Type Mode of Nutrition Cell Wall? if yes, what is it made of? Examples List at least 2 Archae Archaebacteria Bacteria Eubacteria Protista Eukarya Fungi Plantae Animalia 7
9 Kingdom Classification Questions Use the chart from page 7 to answer the following questions: 1. List the three Domains. 2. Which kingdom consists of true bacteria some of which cause disease? 3. Which two kingdoms are unicellular prokaryotes? 4. Which kingdom has cell walls with peptidoglycan? 5. Which kingdom is photosynthetic with chloroplasts? 6. Which kingdom is known for living in harsh/extreme environments such as very salty lakes, mammal intestines, and hot springs? 7. Which kingdom is mainly unicellular and may be autotrophic or heterotrophic? 8. Which kingdom includes multicellular mushrooms & mold and are absorptive heterotrophs? 9. Which kingdom(s) contain organisms who have no cell walls or chloroplasts? 10. Which kingdom contains cells walls made of chitin? 8
10 Lab Using Dichotomous Keys Use the Dichotomous Keys provided for each kingdom to identify the organisms described on the organism cards at your lab table. Be sure to use the correct key! Organism # Archae Dichotomous Key Steps Taken Organism Name Organism # Bacteria Dichotomous Key Steps Taken Organism Name Protista Dichotomous Key Organism # Steps Taken Organism Name 9
11 Lab Using Dichotomous Keys Use the Dichotomous Keys provided for each kingdom to identify the organisms described on the organism cards at your lab table. Be sure to use the correct key! Organism # Fungi Dichotomous Key Steps Taken Organism Name Organism # Plantae Dichotomous Key Steps Taken Organism Name Organism # Animalia Dichotomous Key Steps Taken Organism Name 10
12 Phylogeny vs. Cladograms (pg ) 1. How did Darwin s Theory of Evolution change the way biologists thought about classification categories? 2. Complete the table below. Term Description Phylogeny Cladogram 3. Describe the goal of phylogenic systematic. 4. What is the difference in how both phylogeny and cladograms group organisms? 5. What is the term given to a trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a particular lineage and was passed along to its descendents? 6. How are DNA sequences used in classification? 7. What does it mean if two species share many derived characteristics? 11
13 Analyzing Cladograms Use the diagram above to answer the following 3 questions. 1. What animal is considered most closely related to a bird? 2. Is a mammal considered more closely related to a turtle or a shark? 3. Is a crocodile considered to be more closely related to a lizard or a turtle? Use the diagram above to answer the question below. 4. List all the organisms that have all these characteristics: amniotic eggs, openings in skull for muscles, hair, and give live birth but do not have a placenta 12
14 Classification Terminology Review Complete the vocabulary card activity and then write the words and definitions for all 10 words you matched up. TERM DEFINITION 13
15 EOC Practice Questions 14
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