Plum Borough School District

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1 Course Chemistry (A) 413 Grade(s) 10 Unit/Lesson Unit 1: Measurement and Data Interpretation Overview Qualititative and quantitative observations, rules of measurement, significant figures, scientific notation, dimensional analysis (factor label), graph construction and interpretation, density Standards CHEM.A CHEM.A Big Ideas Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Atomic theory is the foundation for the study of chemistry. Changes in matter are accompanied by changes in energy. Chemical bonding occurs as a result of attractive forces between particles. Periodic trends in the properties of atoms allow for the prediction of physical and chemical properties. Chemical reactions are predictable. Essential Questions In what ways has the theory of the atom changed over time due to technological improvements? How are changes in matter accompanied by changes in energy? What factors determine the types of chemical bonds that form between particles? How does the distribution of electrons in atoms affect the formation of a compound? How do stoichiometric ratios relate reactants to products in a chemical reaction? What factors identify the types of chemical reactions? According to the collision theory, what factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction? Concepts Competencies Materials Used Qualitative and Quantitative Observations TSWBAT Classify observations as qualitative and/or quantitative. Activities/ Assessments Time Allocation Interventions: Tier 2 or 3, Enrichment, Remediation, etc Other: Technology, vocabulary, writing, etc

2 Significant figures Scientific notation Density Dimensional Analysis TSWBAT Utilize significant figures to communicate the uncertainty in a quantitative observation. TSWBAT convert numbers into scientific notation. TSWBAT utilize exponent key for calculations involving numbers in scientific notation. TSWBAT discuss the concept of density. TSWBAT apply mathematical definition of density to solve basic, applied, and advanced density problems. TSWBAT apply dimensional analysis in order to convert from one unit of measure to another. TSWBAT apply dimensional analysis to solve advanced

3 Rules of measurement Graph construction and interpretation application problems that involve conversions from one unit to another. TSWBAT use digital and analog tools in order to record a measurement with the proper number of significant figures. TSWBAT organize data to construct graphs or interpret an existing graph in order to understand data.

4 Course Chemistry (A) 413 Grade(s) 10 Unit/Lesson Unit 2: Matter and Energy Overview Classifications of matter (element, compound, mixture and solution), physical vs. chemical properties, physical vs. chemical changes Standards CHEM.A CHEM.A CHEM.A CHEM.B Big Ideas Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Changes in matter are accompanied by changes in energy. Essential Questions What are the differences between pure substances and mixtures? How are changes in matter accompanied by changes in energy? Concepts Competencies Materials Used Physical and chemical properties TSWBAT explain the structure of matter, its properties. Activities/ Assessments Time Allocation Interventions: Tier 2 or 3, Enrichment, Remediation, etc Other: Technology, vocabulary, writing, etc Classifications of matter TSWBAT differentiate between elements, compounds, and mixtures and analyze evidence in order to classify a given substance. TSWBAT discuss how Elements and compounds are identified as pure

5 Physical and chemical changes substances according to the law of definite composition. TSWBAT classify physical or chemical changes within a system in terms of matter and/or energy. TSWBAT explain what happens when one material comes in contact with another

6 Course Chemistry (A) 413 Grade(s) 10 Unit/Lesson Unit 3: Atomic Theory and Structure Overview Foundations of Atomic Theory, Atomic Structure, Counting Atoms, Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms Standards CHEM.A CHEM.A CHEM.A CHEM.A CHEM.A Big Ideas Atomic theory is the foundation for the study of chemistry Essential Questions In what ways has the theory of the atom changed over time due to technological improvements? Concepts Competencies Materials Used Foundations of Atomic Theory TSWBAT Describe the evolution of atomic theory leading to the current model of the atom based on the works of Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr. Activities/ Assessments Time Allocation Interventions: Tier 2 or 3, Enrichment, Remediation, etc Other: Technology, vocabulary, writing, etc TSWBAT outline the discovery of the electron, nucleus, while locating the the components of

7 Atomic Structure Counting Atoms Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms the nucleus. TSWBAT name and locate the parts of an atom. TSWBAT calculate the atomic number, mass number, and atomic mass. TSWBAT solve advanced atomic mass problems in order to find the relative abundances or the mass of an isotope. TSWBAT predict the ground state electronic configuration and/or orbital diagram for a given atom. TSWBAT Predict characteristics of an atom or an ion based on its location on the periodic table (e.g., number of valence electrons, potential types of bonds, reactivity). TSWBAT Explain the relationship between the

8 electron configuration and the atomic structure of a given atom or ion. Plum Borough School District

9 Course Chemistry (A) 413 Grade(s) 10 Unit/Lesson Unit 4: Periodic Law Overview History of the periodic table, reading the periodic table, periodic trends Standards CHEM.A CHEM.A CHEM.A Big Ideas Chemical bonding occurs as a result of attractive forces between particles. Periodic trends in the properties of atoms allow for the prediction of physical and chemical properties. Essential Questions What factors determine the types of chemical bonds that form between particles? How does the distribution of electrons in atoms affect the formation of a compound? Concepts Competencies Materials Used History of the periodic table Reading the periodic table TSWBAT discuss the history of the periodic table including early contributions from Mendeleev and Moseley. TSWBAT apply the terms group and period to understand the structure of the Periodic table. Activities/ Assessments Time Allocation Interventions: Tier 2 or 3, Enrichment, Remediation, etc Other: Technology, vocabulary, writing, etc TSWBAT discuss the location and

10 Periodic trends properties of metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and noble gases. TSWBAT Explain how the periodicity of chemical properties led to the arrangement of elements on the periodic table. TSWBAT Compare and/or predict the properties (e.g., atomic radius, ionic radius, electron affinity, ionization energy, chemical reactivity, electronegativity, atomic radius) of selected elements by using their locations on the periodic table and known trends. TSWBAT analyze trends and explain exceptions in trends of atomic radius, ionic radius, electron affinity, ionization energy, and electronegativity

11 based on location and number of electrons, nuclear pull, and adherence to the octet rule. Plum Borough School District

12 Course Chemistry (A) 413 Grade(s) 10 Unit/Lesson Unit 5: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry Overview Types of chemical bonding, Covalent bonding and molecular compounds, Ionic bonding and ionic compounds, comparing molecular to ionic compounds, Molecular structure, bond polarity, molecular polarity, intermolecular forces Standards CHEM.A CHEM.B CHEM.B CHEM.B CHEM.B CHEM.B Big Ideas Chemical bonding occurs as a result of attractive forces between particles. Essential Questions What factors determine the types of chemical bonds that form between particles? How does the distribution of electrons in atoms affect the formation of a compound? Concepts Competencies Materials Used Types of chemical bonding. TSWBAT Explain how atoms combine to form compounds through ionic and covalent bonding Activities/ Assessments Time Allocation Interventions: Tier 2 or 3, Enrichment, Remediation, etc Other: Technology, vocabulary, writing, etc Covalent bonding and molecular compounds. TSWBAT Classify a bond as being polar covalent, non polar covalent, or ionic. TSWBAT utilize and describe different types of models that

13 can be used to illustrate the bonds that hold atoms together in a compound (e,g. Lewis Structures) Ionic bonding and ionic compounds Comparing molecular to ionic compounds Molecular structures TSWBAT discuss common properties of molecular compounds. TSWBAT utilize and describe different types of models that can be used to illustrate the bonds that hold atoms together in a compound (e,g. electron transfer equations) TSWBAT discuss common properties of ionic compounds. TSWBAT discuss the spectrum of electron behavior and relate ionic, polar covalent, and nonpolar covalent bonding. TSWBAT Utilize Lewis dot structures to predict the structure and bonding in simple

14 compounds. Bond polarity Molecular polarity Intermolecular forces TSWBAT Recognize and describe different types of models that can be used to illustrate the bonds that hold atoms together in a compound (e.g., computer models, ball and stick models, graphical models, solid sphere models, structural formulas, skeletal formulas, Lewis dot structures). TSWBAT analyze electronegativity difference in order classify a bond as being polar covalent, non polar covalent, or ionic. TSWBAT utilize models and illustrations to predict the polarity of a molecule. TSWBAT analyze a compound and the molecular polarity to determine which type of intermolecular force

15 is predominant and predict properties (e.g. relative boiling point, melting point, solubility). Plum Borough School District

16 Course Chemistry (A) 413 Grade(s) 10 Unit/Lesson Unit 6: Chemical Nomenclature Overview Naming ionic compounds (including hydrates) and covalent compounds using the IUPAC system for naming chemical compounds Standards CHEM.A Big Ideas Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Atomic theory is the foundation for the study of chemistry. Essential Questions How does the distribution of electrons in atoms affect the formation of a compound? Concepts Competencies Materials Used Ionic nomenclature TSWBAT predict the chemical formulas for ionic compounds based on the common ions formed by main group elements. Activities/ Assessments Time Allocation Interventions: Tier 2 or 3, Enrichment, Remediation, etc Other: Technology, vocabulary, writing, etc TSWBAT predict the chemical formulas for ionic compounds based on common polyatomic ions. Covalent nomenclature TSWBAT predict the formulas for ionic hydrated salts. TSWBAT determine the chemical

17 formulas of covalent compounds using prefixes from mono to deca. Plum Borough School District

18 Course Chemistry (A) 413 Grade(s) 10, 11, 12 Unit/Lesson Unit 7: Quantitative Analysis of Compounds Overview Molar mass, mole ratio in a compound formula, percent composition, empirical formula, molecular formula Standards CHEM.B CHEM.B CHEM.B CHEM.B Big Ideas Chemical bonding occurs as a result of attractive forces between particles. Essential Questions What factors determine the types of chemical bonds that form between particles? How does the distribution of electrons in atoms affect the formation of a compound? Concepts Competencies Materials Used Molar mass Mole ratio in a compound TSWBAT apply avagadro s number, the definition of a mole, and dimensional analysis in order to convert between moles, grams and molecules. TSWBAT Apply the law of definite proportions to the classification of elements and compounds as pure substances. Activities/ Assessments Time Allocation Interventions: Tier 2 or 3, Enrichment, Remediation, etc Other: Technology, vocabulary, writing, etc

19 Percent composition Empirical formula Molecular formula TSWBAT analyze a compound formula and use the mole ratio of atoms to molecules in order to convert between atoms, molecules, and moles. TSWBAT Relate the percent composition and mass of each element present in a compound. TSWBAT analyze given mass or percent information in order to calculate the empirical formula of a compound. TSWBAT relate the empirical formula and the molar mass in order to determine the molecular formula of a compound. Course Chemistry (A) 413 Grade(s) 10 Unit/Lesson Unit 8: Chemical Reactions and Equations

20 Overview Indications of a chemical reaction, Characteristics of Chemical Equations, Symbols used in a chemical equation, Balancing chemical equations, Types of chemical reactions. Standards Chem.B Chem.B Chem.B Chem.B Chem.B Big Ideas Chemical reactions are predictable. Essential Questions What factors identify the types of chemical reactions? According to the collision theory, what factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction? How do stoichiometric ratios relate reactants to products in a chemical reaction? Concepts Competencies Materials Used Indications of a chemical reaction Characteristics of chemical equations Symbols used in a chemical equation Types of chemical reactions TSWBAT to analyze a chemical reaction and classify it into one of the five types of chemical reactions. TSWBAT write word equations and formula equations using appropriate symbols and formulas where applicable. TSWBAT Classify reactions as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or combustion Activities/ Assessments Time Allocation Interventions: Tier 2 or 3, Enrichment, Remediation, etc Other: Technology, vocabulary, writing, etc

21 Balancing chemical equations Energy in chemical reactions TSWBAT predict products based on the type of chemical equation. TSWBAT balance chemical equations by applying the Law of Conservation of Matter TSWBAT apply concepts of exo- and endothermic to a chemical reaction discuss whether energy is a reactant or product in a chemical equation.

22 Course Chemistry (A) 413 Grade(s) 10 Unit/Lesson Unit 9: Stoichiometry Overview Quantitative analysis of reactants and products, limiting and excess reactants, percent yield. Standards CHEM.B CHEM.B CHEM. B CHEM.B CHEM.B CHEM.B Big Ideas Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Chemical reactions are predictable. Essential Questions How do stoichiometric ratios relate reactants to products in a chemical reaction? Concepts Competencies Materials Used Quantitative analysis of reactants and products TSWBAT Use stoichiometric relationships to calculate the amounts of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction. Activities/ Assessments Time Allocation Interventions: Tier 2 or 3, Enrichment, Remediation, etc Other: Technology, vocabulary, writing, etc TSWBAT apply stoichiometry to advanced problems (e.g. involving numerous unit

23 Limiting and excess reactants conversions, multiple step reactions, impure substances, etc.). TSWBAT Describe the roles of limiting and excess reactants in chemical reactions. TSWBAT identify the limiting reactant and excess reactant in a chemical reaction by using stoichiometry

24 Course Chemistry (A) 413 Grade(s) 10 Unit/Lesson Unit 10: The Chemistry of Gases Overview Behavior of gases, measurable parameters of gases, gas laws, gas stoichiometry Standards CHEM.B CHEM.B Big Ideas Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Essential Questions How are changes in matter accompanied by changes in energy? Concepts Competencies Materials Used Behavior of gases Measurable parameters of gases Gas laws TSWBAT Explain how the kinetic molecular theory relates to the behavior of gases. TSWBAT discuss the measurable parameters of a gas (number of moles, temperature pressure, and volume) and state the conditions which are known as STP. TSWBAT Utilize mathematical relationships to Activities/ Assessments Time Allocation Interventions: Tier 2 or 3, Enrichment, Remediation, etc Other: Technology, vocabulary, writing, etc

25 predict changes in the number of particles, the temperature, the pressure, and the volume in a gaseous system (i.e., Boyle s law, Charles s law, Dalton s law of partial pressures, the combined gas law, and the ideal gas law). Gas stoichiometry TSWBAT solve advanced gas law problems (e.g. involving multiple gas laws, numerous unit conversions, etc.). TSWBAT Predict the amounts of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction using molar volume of a gas at STP. TSWBAT predict the amounts of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction using Avagadro s law.

26 TSWBAT predict the amounts of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction using ideal gas law combined with stoichiometry. Plum Borough School District

27 Course Chemistry (A) 413 Grade(s) 10 Unit/Lesson Unit 11: Phase Changes Overview Phase changes in detail, phase diagrams, vapor pressure Big Ideas Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Standards CHEM.A Essential Questions How are changes in matter accompanied by changes in energy? Concepts Competencies Materials Used Phase changes Phase diagrams TSWBAT describe in detail the changes that occur between molecules when a substance undergoes a phase change due to a temperature change or a pressure change. TSWBAT analyze phase diagrams to discuss phase change conditions and locate triple point, critical point, etc. Activities/ Assessments Time Allocation Interventions: Tier 2 or 3, Enrichment, Remediation, etc Other: Technology, vocabulary, writing, etc

28 Vapor pressure TSWBAT analyze vapor pressure diagrams and discuss the difference between vaporization and boiling.

29 Course Chemistry (A) 413 Grade(s) 10 Unit/Lesson Unit 12: Solution Chemistry Overview The nature of solutions, concentration of solutions, the formation of solutions, solution stoichiometry Standards CHEM.A CHEM.A CHEM.A CHEMA CHEM.A Big Ideas Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Essential Questions How are changes in matter accompanied by changes in energy? How do stoichiometric ratios relate reactants to products in a chemical reaction? According to the collision theory, what factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction? Concepts Competencies Materials Used The Nature of Solutions TSWBAT compare properties of solutions containing ionic or molecular solutes (e.g., dissolving, dissociating). Activities/ Assessments Time Allocation Interventions: Tier 2 or 3, Enrichment, Remediation, etc Other: Technology, vocabulary, writing, etc TSWBAT Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures (e.g., how such mixtures can be

30 separated). Concentration of Solutions TSWBAT Describe various ways that concentration can be expressed and calculated (e.g., molarity, percent by mass, percent by volume). TSWBAT analyze solutions quantitatively utilizing molarity, molality, percent by mass, and percent by volume. The Formation of Solutions TSWBAT analyze dilutions problems in order to determine the initial/final concentration or volume. TSWBAT Describe how factors (e.g., temperature, concentration, surface area) can affect Solubility. TSWBAT Describe

31 Solution stoichiometry how chemical bonding can affect whether a substance dissolves in a given Liquid TSWBAT utilize dimensional analysis in order to solve stoichiometry problems involving molarity, molality, percent by mass and percent by volume.

32 Course Chemistry (A) 413 Grade(s) 10 Unit/Lesson Unit 13: Thermochemistry Overview Enthalpy, Hess s law, specific heat capacity Big Ideas Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Standards CHEM.A Essential Questions How are changes in matter accompanied by changes in energy? Concepts Competencies Materials Used Enthalpy TSWBAT relate endothermic and exothermic reactions to enthalpy and appropriately represent the enthalpy change in a thermochemical equation. Activities/ Assessments Time Allocation Interventions: Tier 2 or 3, Enrichment, Remediation, etc Other: Technology, vocabulary, writing, etc TSWBAT write thermochemical equations for the heats of reaction, heats of formation, and heats of combustion.

33 Hess s Law Specific heat capacity TSWBAT calculate the heat of reaction for a given equation using Hess s Law TSWBAT to define specific heat capacity, discuss its effect on a given substance, and utilize the mathematical definition in order to calculate specific heat, change in temperature, heat, or mass. TSWBAT apply the concept of specific heat in order to solve thermal equilibrium problems.

34 Course Chemistry (A) 413 Grade(s) 10 Unit/Lesson Unit 14: Acids and Bases Overview Definitions of Acids and Bases, properties of acids and bases, acidbase reactions, acid-base titrations Standards CHEM.A Big Ideas Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Chemical reactions are predictable. Essential Questions How do stoichiometric ratios relate reactants to products in a chemical reaction? What factors identify the types of chemical reactions? Concepts Competencies Materials Used Definitions of acids and bases Properties of acids and bases Acid-base reactions TSWBAT apply the Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis Definitions of acids and bases in order to identify the an acid or base in a reaction. TSWBAT describe acids and bases in terms of the common properties. TSWBAT predict the products of an acid base neutralization reaction and apply stoichiometry in Activities/ Assessments Time Allocation Interventions: Tier 2 or 3, Enrichment, Remediation, etc Other: Technology, vocabulary, writing, etc

35 Acid-base titrations order to quantitatively analyze a given reaction. TSWBAT discuss the process of acid-base titration and perform relevant stoichiometric analysis based on either an indicator endpoint or a titration curve.