RELAMPAGO (working closely with CACTI) is an international project...

Transcription

1 RELAMPAGO Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, And Meso-scale/micro-scale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations (translates to lightning flash in Spanish and Portuguese)

2 June 2014 South American countries, particularly Argentina and Brazil, are making large investments in weather observing and forecasting technology and infrastructure to support their growing populations and economies, yet fundamental knowledge is lacking about the regional meteorology, prediction, and required observational, prediction, and modeling approaches. The high frequency of convective initiation and upscale growth in Subtropical South America makes it an ideal natural laboratory to study these processes near complex terrain, where multiscale models suffer in skill.

3 RELAMPAGO (working closely with CACTI) is an international project... to study intense continental convective systems in subtropical South America to understand their interactions with local and regional meteorology, aerosols, topography, and land-atmosphere interactions to improve severe storm hazard prediction to place extreme continental convection in context with regional and global climate

4 Why Argentina? Denver Córdoba Santa Fé Mendoza Urbana-Champaign

5 High frequency of initiation of organized convection Severe hail near Mendoza Severe hail/ Tornadoes/ Flash Flooding near Sierras de Córdoba Vidal (2014) PhD Dissertation

6 RELAMPAGO + CACTI Contributions NSF (US) S-PolKa 3 DOWs 1200 Soundings + Expendables, 5 sounding vehicles 3 Mesonet vehicles Pods WV-DIAL LIDAR 15 ISFS/ meteorological stations/disdro meters NASA (US) Disdrometers Rain gauges NOAA (US) Lightning mapping array Field mills S-Band/449 Profilers (Proposed) DOE (US) CACTI AMF-1 (cloud/profiling suite, aerosol measurements) C-SAPR2 G-I (microphysical and aerosol aircraft) TBD SMN (Argentina) C-Band DP op network Mobile soundings Enhancement of operational radiosondes Distrometers + rainfall INPE/FAPESP (Brazil) Mobile X-Band DP radar Precip/profiling supersite Lightning mapping array Sticknet S-Band DP radars downstream

7 Science Focus Areas Theme 1: Convective lifecycle Theme 2: Microphysics and aerosols Theme 3: Electrification Theme 4: Severe weather (winds, hail, tornadoes, flooding) Theme 5: Hydrometeorology/land surface, flooding Theme 6: Nowcasting and forecasting, societal impacts

8 RELAMPAGO Timeline RELAMPAGO-HYDRO CACTI-EOP RELAMPAGO-IOPs CACTI-IOPs Jun 2018 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 2019 Feb Mar Apr May

9 Operational Radar Network Santiago del Estero Resistencia Bernardo de Irigoyen San Martín (S/X Band) Córdoba Paraná Concordia Santiago (BR) Tunuyán San Rafael Doppler on Wheels Mobile Radars Anguil Pergamino Ezeiza C-Band Dual-pol C-Band Doppler S-Band Doppler S-Band non-doppler 0.5 beam blockage for existing radars indicated by white areas within range rings

10 RELAMPAGO + CACTI Surface and Upper-Air Network Antofogasta Salta Resistencia Uruguaiana Chile PODS Mendoza + Mesonet Córdoba DOE Pilar WEST AMF-1 Santo Domingo Santa Rosa Ezeiza RAOBs Surface stations: SMN surface stations Board of Cereals, Córdoba Province Universidad de La Punta DACC, Mendoza Province

11 How will S-PolKa and the DOW radars be operated to accomplish these science objectives? DOWS will provide dual polarization data, but be operated primarily in dual-doppler scanning modes (volume scanning, 5 minute refresh) C-band Argentinian radars (and C-SAPR2) will suffer from attenuation and backscatter differential phase effects, amount of real-time scan control? S-PolKa can help with calibration and algorithm development for C-Band radars, critical in hail, large drops, and heavy precipitation Provide RHIs, QPE, µphys and cloud liquid water/water vapor retrievals Example of a squall line in Parana. Strong C- Band attenuation case.

12 Mobile sampling strategies Under the umbrella of fixed observations

13 Upscale growth/backbuilding Flooding happens where it rains the hardest for the longest --Dr. Chuck Doswell, Retired NSSL System propagation important for flooding hazard, in addition to instantaneous precipitation rates Storm mode, convective core propagation, as well as preferred locations of new updrafts important Cold pools are important forcing mechanisms for convective maintainence, propagation, and triggering of new convective cores What environmental factors combine for heavy precipitation production?

14 Moisture observations from new remote sensing observations and traditional observations to examine moisture variability, convective initiation and meso-convective scale structures Sounding Sounding Sounding 25 km Dual-wavelength humidity profile Cloud LWC Near-surface humidity from refractivity x x Cloud LWC WVDIAL, MW profiler, NOAA radar wind profilers Height aerosol NCAR WVDIAL x x x x x x x mesonet/sticknet water vapor

15 Lightning in RELAMPAGO GOES-R GLM validation and science (recommendation that GOES-R becomes GOES-E) Demonstrate use of real time lightning information for nowcasting Documents thunderstorm environments, allowing investigation of link between pre-storm environment and subsequent electrification (e.g., anomalous/inverted charge structures common in dry, high-cloud-base environments) Provides validation dataset for thunderstorm electrification models Courtesy S. Goodman

16 Gracias Preguntas? Informatión de contacto Prof. Steve Nesbitt University of Illinois Prof. Paola Salio UBA/CIMA/CONICET