CHEMISTRY 121 Review Problems
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1 CHEMISTRY 121 Review Problems 1. Fill in the blanks with the correct symbols for the elements. An atom having a half-filled 2p subshell. An atom having a total of 6 electrons in its n = 3 principal quantum shell. An atom that has a tendency to form a +2 cation with the same electron configuration as Ar (at. #18). The element that forms a monocation that is isoelectronic with Kr The period 2 element with only one electron is its 2p subshell The element that forms a dianion that is isoelectronic with Ne 2. A g sample of toluene, C 7 H 8, was combusted in a 10.5 kg bomb calorimeter with a heat capacity of kj/ o C.This combustion caused the temperature of the calorimeter to rise from o C to o C. a. What was the amount of heat transferred due to this reaction? b. How much heat would be transferred if g of toluene were reacted? 3. A compound was known to be composed of C, H, and O only. When a 5.23 mg sample of this compound was combusted, 7.66 mg of CO 2 and 3.14 mg of H 2 O were obtained. What is the percentage of oxygen in this compound? 4. A white powder used in paints, enamels, and ceramics, has the following percentage composition: Ba 69.6 %; C 6.09 %; O 24.3 %. a. Calculate the empirical formula of this compound. b. If the molar mass of the compound were 593 g/mol, what would the molecular formula be for this compound?
2 5. In a certain experiment, ml of 1.21 M HI were added to ml of M KOH in a simple (coffee cup) calorimeter. Prior to addition of the HI, the temperature of the solutions was o C. After the solutions were mixed, the temperature in the calorimeter rose to o C. a. Determine the heat transfer (q) experienced by the calorimeter for this reaction. b. Determine the ΔH rxn per mole of HI. c. Identify whether this reaction is endothermic or exothermic and explain your reasoning. 6. Calculate ΔH for the reaction given the following information N 2 O 3 (g) NO(g) + NO 2 (g) N 2 (g) + 3/2 O 2 (g) N 2 O 3 (g) ΔH = 83.7 kj N 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 2 NO(g) ΔH = kj 1/2 N 2 (g) + O 2 (g) NO 2 (g) ΔH = 33.2 kj 7. Fill in the table for the following covalent compounds. Molecule Lewis Structure 3-Dimensional Picture of the Shape of the Molecule and Name of that Shape Polar/Nonpolar Hybridization of Central Atom CO 3 2- PCl 3 XeCl 4 CCl 4
3 8. The anticancer drug cisplatin, Pt(NH 3 ) 2 Cl 2, can be produced as shown below. K 2 PtCl NH 3 Pt(NH 3 ) 2 Cl KCl A student started a reaction with 50.0 g K 2 PtCl 4 and 2.50 g NH 3. a. What was the limiting reactant? b. What was the theoretical yield, in grams, of cisplatin? c. How many grams of the reactant in excess remained when the reaction was complete? 9. Fill in the blank for the missing name or formula. NAME FORMULA carbonate ion sodium nitrate tetraphosphorushexaoxide ammonium chloride copper (II) sulfate H 2 SO 4 AlCl 3 OH 1- HCl CO The lab has a nitric acid (HNO 3 ) solution with a density of 1.41 g/ml. The mass percent of this solution is 65.0 % nitric acid. Clearly explain how you would prepare 500. ml of a 3.25 M nitric acid solution using the solution available in the lab (described above).
4 11. If 10.0 ml of M CaI 2 solution are combined with an excess amount of an aqueous solution of AgNO 3... a. How many moles of AgNO 3 react? b. How many grams of AgI will be formed? 12. Bromine reacts violently with potassium as shown in the equation below, 2 Na(s) + Br 2 (l) 2 NaBr(s) a. How many grams of Br 2 would be needed to prepare g NaBr? b. How many ml of Br 2 would be needed to prepare g NaBr? The density of Br 2 is 3.12 g/ml. c. How many molecules of Br 2 are there in the mass of Br 2 calculated in part a)? 13. You have a sample of H 3 PO 4 of unknown concentration. If it takes ml of M Ca(OH) 2 to neutralize ml of the H 3 PO 4 (to reach the titration endpoint) what is the molarity of the unknown H 3 PO 4? 14. What would the density of ammonia gas (NH 3 ) be if it were at a pressure of 696 mm Hg and a temperature of 387 K? 15. i) Fill in the table for the following covalent compounds: Molecule Lewis Structure Hybridization for Central Atom Geometry of The Hybrid Orbitals (Electron-Groups) Angles Between Atoms BeCl 2 NH 3 SbCl 5
5 ii) Fill in the blanks. For the molecule there is a carbon to carbon sigma bond formed by the overlap of a orbital of one carbon with a orbital of the other carbon. The only pi bond in the molecule is formed by the overlap of a orbital of carbon and a orbital of oxygen.
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