Chem 11 UNIT 3: STOICHIOMETRY Name:

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Chem 11 UNIT 3: STOICHIOMETRY Name:"

Transcription

1 Chem 11 UNIT 3: STOICHIOMETRY Name: Ms. Pirvu Period: Writing & Balancing Equations Chemical reactions can be described by chemical equations. Recall Law of Conservation of Mass mass cannot be nor. This is the reason that we balance equations. Atoms are what make up the mass of any chemical species. Therefore, we must show the conservation of mass in a chemical equation by it. Just like a mathematical eq n, where both sides MUST be equal to each other (ex = 9), when balancing an eq n, we have to have the same number of each type of atom on either side of the. Always balance an equation by adjusting the and NEVER by changing the subscripts of a chemical formula. Ex. Cu + O2 CuO Note: We do not write a 1 as a coefficient, much like we do not write 1 for a subscript. It is sometimes important to denote what phase the reactants or products are in, while the reaction is occurring. This is done by writing a subscript in brackets. (s) solid (l) liquid (g) gas (aq) something that is dissolved in water (aqueous) Ex. The electrolysis of water is the reaction of liquid water decomposing to form hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. Using subscripts to denote phase, the balanced equation would be: H2O (l) H2 (g) + O2 (g) For now, phases of the reactants & products are not important. Later in the course they will be. Examples: 1) NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O 2) NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O 3) CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O 4) potassium iodide reacts with lead II nitrate to give potassium nitrate and lead II iodide

2 Hints in Balancing: 1. It is MUCH easier to balance an eq n using whole # s rather than fractions. Try to use whole # s at all times. If a fraction is necessary, multiply it out to get a whole number. Ex. C2H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O 2. If a polyatomic ion seems to be staying together during a chemical rxn, try to keep it together during the balancing steps. Ex. NaCl + Pb(NO3)2 NaNO3 + PbCl2 In the above example, the nitrate ion stays intact, so treat it as one whole species when balancing. Ex. CaO + P2O5 Ca3(PO4)2 In the above example, the phosphate (PO4) is not on both sides, so balance the P s and O s separately. 3. Balance free elements (species that are by themselves) LAST, since you can easily balance them at the end, without having it affect another species. Ex. Al + CuCl 2 Cu + AlCl 3

3 Chemical Reactions Evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred may include the following : Types of chemical reactions In general, chemical reactions can be classified as energy producers or energy consumers. A reaction that produces heat A reaction that absorbs heat Specific types of chemical reactions A) Synthesis Reaction - A reaction that occurs between two elements producing a compound. B) Decomposition Reaction - A reaction where the compound breaks down into component elements or some smaller component molecules. C) Single Replacement Reaction - When an element combines with a compound effectively trading partners with one of the ions making up the compound. A new compound is formed. D) Double Replacement Reaction - Similar to a single replacement reaction except that two compounds are mixed and then 'trade partners'. E) Acid/Base Reaction - When an acid and a base are mixed, the will neutralize each other producing a salt and water. F) Combustion Reaction - When a compound rapidly combines with oxygen, it is said to be burning. (known as ). A slow combination with oxygen is said to be oxidation ( ). A special type of combustion reaction is when a certain type of chemical called a hydrocarbon (a compound composed of ONLY carbon and hydrogen atoms) is burned. When a hydrocarbon is burned the products are ALWAYS carbon dioxide and water, no matter what hydrocarbon is burned.

4 Prediction of Products If you are told what type of a chemical reaction is taking place, then from the rules we learned the day before, we can predict what the products of the reaction will be. Examples: 1) Single replacement rxn one element trades places with another of the same valence type (positive or negative) in the compound. Al + CuCl2 Note: ALWAYS write out the names of the products first. Once you have the names, then PROPERLY write out the formulae. (Otherwise, if you have the wrong formula, balancing will be impossible!!) 2) Double replacement rxns both compounds change partners Al(NO3)3 + K2C2O4 3) Hydrocarbon Combustion Reactions a hydrocarbon is combined with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. ALWAYS!! C34H70 + O2 Additional Notes:

5 STOICHIOMETRY STOICHIOMETRY: Process of calculating the amounts of elements or compounds involved in a chemical reaction. Stoichiometry problems can be solved by going through a series of 5 steps: Step 1: Find a chemical equation. Note: If an eq n is given, assume it is balanced unless otherwise stated. Step 2: Find moles of what we are information about in the problem. Note: If moles are given, step 2 is done. Step 3: Find the ratio of what we to what we are from the coefficients in the balanced chemical eq n. Express the ratio as a fraction of Step 4: Find moles of what we. That is (Step 2) x (Step 3). *Step 5: Go back and re-read the question.!!! Ex. #1 2 Na + Cl2 2 NaCl If moles of sodium react completely with chlorine to produce sodium chloride, how many moles of chlorine are needed?

6 Ex. #2 2 Na + Cl2 2 NaCl If 20.0 grams of sodium react completely with chlorine to produce sodium chloride, what mass of chlorine is needed? Ex. #3: How many molecules of BaSO4 are produced by reacting 18.2 g of Ba(OH)2 with sufficient H2SO4? (water is also produced.)

7 Ex. #4: What mass of carbon dioxide is produced when 27.4 grams of pentane (C5H12) are burned? Additional Notes:

8 Stoichiometric Calculations with One Reactant In Excess In most cases, when we have a rxn, we add too much of one reactant or another. Because of this, only one of the reactants is completely used up and the other will have some remaining. To solve stoichiometric problems, the reactant that we run out of first (the ) is the one we MUST use in the calculations, since this one the amount of product(s) produced. The other reactant is the one in excess ( ). INXS Calculations Ex. #1 Ba + S BaS If we have 10.0 grams of each reactant a) which will be used up first? b) what mass BaS will be produced? Sol n:

9 Ex #2 A double replacement rxn occurs when 60.0 g of zinc chloride is mixed with 40.0 g of hydrogen phosphate. When the rxn is complete, determine the mass of each remaining particle. Summary Answer:

10 Percent Yield Calculations All the rxns so far have assumed one thing that is that we make all of the products possible. In reality however, we can t always obtain perfection. In fact, most rxns do not go to but to some what lesser degree. The percent yield is an indication as to how much product we get how much we should have gotten if everything worked out properly. Ex.1 CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2CO3 When 36.4 g of calcium carbonate react with sufficient HCl according to the above eq n, it is found that 38.2 g of CaCl2 are produced. Calculate the percent yield in this rxn. Sol n

11 Ex.2 Bromine was made according to the rxn: HBrO3 + 5 HBr 3 H2O + 3 Br g or HBrO3 was reacted with an excess amount of HBr. It was found that 26.3 g of Br2 was produced. What was the percentage yield for this rxn? What mass of HBr was used? Additional Notes:

12 Moles & Volume of a Gas Avogadro s Hypothesis: equal of different gases at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of particles. Molar volume of a gas is the volume occupied by of the gas. Standard Temperature and Pressure = 0 o C and kpa Re-stating Avogadro s hypothesis: all gas samples with the same pressure, temperature, and number of particles occupy identical volumes. OR 1 mol of ANY GAS at STP has a volume of 22.4 L The molar volume of any gas at STP is 22.4 L Ex. What is the volume occupied by mol of SO2 (g) at STP Ex. How many moles of gas are contained in a balloon with a volume of 10.0 L at STP? Problems: 1. Calculate the volume at STP occupied by the following: a) 12.5 mol of NH3 (g) b) mol of O2 (g) c) 4.25 mol of HCL (g)

13 2. Calculate the number of moles in the following gases at STP a) 85.9 L of H2 (g) b) 375 ml of SO3 (g) c) 5.00 ml of OCl2 (g) 3. A 2.50 L bulb contains 4.91g of a gas at STP. What is the molar mass of the gas? 4. What is the density of O2 (g) at STP? Answers: 1.a) 2.80 x 10 2 L b) 7.84 L c) 95.2 L 2.a) 3.83 mol b) mol c) 2.23 x 10-4 mol g g/l

14 Stoichiometric Problems involving Volumes & Energy Ex. 5C + 2SO2 CS2 + 4CO If 13.4L of gaseous SO2 are reacted to completion, what volume of CO will be produced? Sol n: Energy in a chemical reaction Recall: rxns that release energy are exothermic; rxns that absorb energy are endothermic. We symbolize the energy in a chemical eq n by showing the component just like a reactant or product. Ex.1 Sol n: 2 NO2 N2O kj If we use 25 g of NO2, what amount of energy will be produced? Ex.2 Sol n: 2 NO2 N2O kj If 126 kj of energy are released from the above reaction, what mass of N2O4 is also produced?

2. Indicators of Chemical Rxns. Abbreviations of State (g) gas (l) liquid (s) solid (aq) aqueous a substance dissolved in water

2. Indicators of Chemical Rxns. Abbreviations of State (g) gas (l) liquid (s) solid (aq) aqueous a substance dissolved in water Unit 6 Chemical Reactions 1. Parts of a Chemical Reaction 2. Indicators of a Chemical Reaction 3. Enthalpy 4. Balancing Chemical Equations 5. Word Equations 6. Classifying Chemical Reactions 7. Predicting

More information

Chemical Reaction Defn: Chemical Reaction: when starting chemical species form different chemicals.

Chemical Reaction Defn: Chemical Reaction: when starting chemical species form different chemicals. Chemistry 11 Notes on Chemical Reactions Chemical Reaction Defn: Chemical Reaction: when starting chemical species form different chemicals. Evidence to indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred:

More information

1. Parts of Chemical Reactions. 2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 2 H 2 O(g) How to read a chemical equation

1. Parts of Chemical Reactions. 2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 2 H 2 O(g) How to read a chemical equation Unit 6 Chemical Reactions 1. Parts of a Chemical Reaction 2. Indicators of a Chemical Reaction 3. Enthalpy 4. Balancing Chemical Equations 5. Word Equations 6. Classifying Chemical Reactions 7. Predicting

More information

Chemical Reaction Defn: Chemical Reaction: when starting chemical species form different chemicals.

Chemical Reaction Defn: Chemical Reaction: when starting chemical species form different chemicals. Chemical Reaction Defn: Chemical Reaction: when starting chemical species form different chemicals. Evidence to indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred: Temperature change Different coloured materials

More information

Honors text: Ch 10 & 12 Unit 06 Notes: Balancing Chemical Equations

Honors text: Ch 10 & 12 Unit 06 Notes: Balancing Chemical Equations Notes: Balancing Chemical Equations Effects of chemical reactions: Chemical reactions rearrange atoms in the reactants to form new products. The identities and properties of the products are completely

More information

2. Relative molecular mass, M r - The relative molecular mass of a molecule is the average mass of the one molecule when compared with

2. Relative molecular mass, M r - The relative molecular mass of a molecule is the average mass of the one molecule when compared with Chapter 3: Chemical Formulae and Equations 1. Relative atomic mass, A r - The relative atomic mass of an element is the average mass of one atom of an element when compared with mass of an atom of carbon-12

More information

Ch 3.3 Counting (p78) One dozen = 12 things We use a dozen to make it easier to count the amount of substances.

Ch 3.3 Counting (p78) One dozen = 12 things We use a dozen to make it easier to count the amount of substances. Ch 3.3 Counting (p78) One dozen = 12 things We use a dozen to make it easier to count the amount of substances. Moles the SI base unit that describes the amount of particles in a substance. Mole is abbreviated

More information

Balancing Equations Notes

Balancing Equations Notes . Unit 6 Chemical Equations and Reactions What is a Chemical Equation? A Chemical Equation is a written representation of the process that occurs in a chemical reaction. A chemical equation is written

More information

CHAPTER 8 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS

CHAPTER 8 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS CHAPTER 8 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS CHEMICAL REACTIONS Occurs when matter combines or breaks apart to produce new kinds of matter with different properties with a change in energy. EVIDENCE FOR

More information

Chapter 7 - Chemical Reactions

Chapter 7 - Chemical Reactions Chapter 7 - Chemical Reactions Evidence of a Chemical Reaction If we could see the atoms and molecules that compose matter, we could easily identify a chemical reaction: Atoms combine with other atoms

More information

The Mole. Relative Atomic Mass Ar

The Mole. Relative Atomic Mass Ar STOICHIOMETRY The Mole Relative Atomic Mass Ar Relative Molecular Mass Mr Defined as mass of one atom of the element when compared with 1/12 of an atom of carbon-12 Some Ar values are not whole numbers

More information

UNIT 1 Chemical Reactions Part II Workbook. Name:

UNIT 1 Chemical Reactions Part II Workbook. Name: UNIT 1 Chemical Reactions Part II Workbook Name: 1 Molar Volume 1. How many moles of a gas will occupy 2.50 L at STP? 2. Calculate the volume that 0.881 mol of gas at STP will occupy. 3. Determine the

More information

8 Chemical Equations. Flames and sparks result when aluminum foil is dropped into liquid bromine.

8 Chemical Equations. Flames and sparks result when aluminum foil is dropped into liquid bromine. 8 Chemical Equations Flames and sparks result when aluminum foil is dropped into liquid bromine. Chapter Outline 8.1 The Chemical Equation 8.2 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations 8.3 Types of Chemical

More information

Balancing Equations Notes

Balancing Equations Notes . Unit 9 Chemical Equations and Reactions What is a Chemical Equation? A Chemical Equation is a written representation of the process that occurs in a chemical reaction. A chemical equation is written

More information

SCH4U Chemistry Review: Fundamentals

SCH4U Chemistry Review: Fundamentals SCH4U Chemistry Review: Fundamentals Particle Theory of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Anything around us and in the entire universe can be classified as either matter or energy.

More information

CHEMICAL REACTIONS. Types of Reactions. Steps to Writing Reactions

CHEMICAL REACTIONS. Types of Reactions. Steps to Writing Reactions Types of Reactions CHEMICAL REACTIONS There are five types of chemical reactions we will talk about: 1. Synthesis reactions 2. reactions 3. Single displacement reactions 4. reactions 5. Combustion reactions

More information

Notes: Balancing Chemical Equations

Notes: Balancing Chemical Equations Notes: Balancing Chemical Equations Effects of chemical reactions: Chemical reactions rearrange atoms in the reactants to form new products. The identities and properties of the products are completely

More information

Notes: Unit 7 Moles & Stoichiometry

Notes: Unit 7 Moles & Stoichiometry Regents Chemistry: Notes: Unit 7 Moles & Stoichiometry 1 KEY IDEAS In all chemical reactions there is a conservation of mass, energy, and charge. (3.3a) A balanced chemical equation represents conservation

More information

Chem 1A Dr. White Fall Handout 4

Chem 1A Dr. White Fall Handout 4 Chem 1A Dr. White Fall 2014 1 Handout 4 4.4 Types of Chemical Reactions (Overview) A. Non-Redox Rxns B. Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) reactions 4.6. Describing Chemical Reactions in Solution A. Molecular

More information

CHEMICAL REACTIONS. Introduction. Chemical Equations

CHEMICAL REACTIONS. Introduction. Chemical Equations CHEMICAL REACTIONS Chemistry I Chapter 7 1 Chemical Equations Their Job: Depict the kind of reactants and products and their relative amounts in a reaction. 4 Al (s) + 3 O 2 (g) ---> 2 Al 2 O 3 (s) The

More information

Notes: Unit 7 Moles & Stoichiometry

Notes: Unit 7 Moles & Stoichiometry Regents Chemistry: Notes: Unit 7 Moles & Stoichiometry 1 KEY IDEAS A compound is a substance composed of two or more different elements that are chemically combined in a fixed proportion. A chemical compound

More information

Chemical Reactions. A. Chemical Reactions And The Law Of Conservation Of Mass

Chemical Reactions. A. Chemical Reactions And The Law Of Conservation Of Mass Chemical Reactions A. Chemical Reactions And The Law Of Conservation Of Mass 1. A CHEMICAL REACTION is a change that produces new materials with different properties from the starting materials. Various

More information

(DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST)

(DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST) Final Prep Chap 8&9 (DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. After the correct formula for a reactant in an equation

More information

Chemical Reactions and Equations

Chemical Reactions and Equations Chemical Reactions and Equations 5-1 5.1 What is a Chemical Reaction? A chemical reaction is a chemical change. A chemical reaction occurs when one or more substances is converted into one or more new

More information

Moles. Balanced chemical equations Molar ratios Mass Composition Empirical and Molecular Mass Predicting Quantities

Moles. Balanced chemical equations Molar ratios Mass Composition Empirical and Molecular Mass Predicting Quantities Moles Balanced chemical equations Molar ratios Mass Composition Empirical and Molecular Mass Predicting Quantities Micro World atoms & molecules Macro World grams Atomic mass is the mass of an atom in

More information

CHEMICAL EQUATIONS WHAT BALANCING AN EQUATION MEANS

CHEMICAL EQUATIONS WHAT BALANCING AN EQUATION MEANS 17 CHEMICAL EQUATIONS WHAT BALANCING AN EQUATION MEANS WHAT IS A CHEMICAL EQUATION? A chemical equation is a way of representing a chemical reaction in symbolic form. For example, when hydrochloric acid

More information

Chapter 3 Chemical Reactions and Equations

Chapter 3 Chemical Reactions and Equations Chapter 3 Chemical Reactions and Equations Chemical Reactions Reactions involve rearrangement and exchange of atoms to produce new pure substances. Reactants Products Chemical Equations Shorthand way

More information

Ch 8 Quant. in Chem RXNs/Stoichiometry STUDY GUIDE Accelerated Chemistry

Ch 8 Quant. in Chem RXNs/Stoichiometry STUDY GUIDE Accelerated Chemistry Ch 8 Quant. in Chem RXNs/Stoichiometry STUDY GUIDE Accelerated Chemistry Name /108 TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. Correct the False statments by changing

More information

Balancing CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

Balancing CHEMICAL EQUATIONS Balancing CHEMICAL EQUATIONS CHEMICAL REACTIONS involves a chemical change in the identity of one or more chemical species Ex. Rusting of iron (Fe): chemical rxn btwn water and iron involve the breaking

More information

Indicators of chemical reactions

Indicators of chemical reactions Indicators of chemical reactions Emission of light or heat Formation of a gas Formation of a precipitate Color change Emission of odor All chemical reactions: have two parts Reactants - the substances

More information

Chemical Reactions. Section 7.1: Nature of Reactions

Chemical Reactions. Section 7.1: Nature of Reactions Chemical Reactions Section 7.1: Nature of Reactions When do chemical reactions take place? What is the role of energy in chemical reactions? 1 Chemical Reactions It is a change in matter that produces

More information

CH 221 Chapter Four Part II Concept Guide

CH 221 Chapter Four Part II Concept Guide CH 221 Chapter Four Part II Concept Guide 1. Solubility Why are some compounds soluble and others insoluble? In solid potassium permanganate, KMnO 4, the potassium ions, which have a charge of +1, are

More information

CHAPTER Describing Chemical Reactions Reactants Products. New substances produced The arrow means yields TYPES OF EQUATIONS.

CHAPTER Describing Chemical Reactions Reactants Products. New substances produced The arrow means yields TYPES OF EQUATIONS. CHAPTER 11 Chemical Reactions 11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions Reactants Products New substances produced The arrow means yields Where do Chemical Reactions occur? Everywhere!!! In living organisms In

More information

1) Write the reaction for Calcium and nitrogen reacting. 3) What element on the periodic table is the largest? 3)Name these. a) H2S (aq) b) HNO 3 (aq)

1) Write the reaction for Calcium and nitrogen reacting. 3) What element on the periodic table is the largest? 3)Name these. a) H2S (aq) b) HNO 3 (aq) 1) Write the reaction for Calcium and nitrogen reacting 3) What element on the periodic table is the largest? 3)Name these a) H2S (aq) b) HNO 3 (aq) Stoichiometry: mathematical relationships in formulas

More information

Chemical Reactions Unit

Chemical Reactions Unit Name: Hour: Teacher: ROZEMA / Chemistry Chemical Reactions Unit 1 P a g e 2 P a g e 3 P a g e 4 P a g e 5 P a g e 6 P a g e Chemistry Balancing Equations Balance the following equations by inserting the

More information

Spring Semester Final Exam Study Guide

Spring Semester Final Exam Study Guide Honors Chemistry Name Period AlCl3 Cu2S NaCN HI PCl3 CrBr3 Naming and Formula Writing 1. Write the name or formula for each of the following: HClO2 (NH4)2SO4 I4O10 H3N NiN H3PO4 Mercury (II) bromide Phosphorous

More information

SCIENCE JSUNIL TUTORIAL CLASS 9. Activity 1

SCIENCE JSUNIL TUTORIAL CLASS 9. Activity 1 Activity Objective To understand, that there is a change in mass when a chemical change takes place. (To understand law of conservation of mass experimentally). Procedure. Take one of the following sets,

More information

IB Chemistry Solutions Gasses and Energy

IB Chemistry Solutions Gasses and Energy Solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture it looks like one substance. An aqueous solution will be a clear mixture with only one visible phase. Be careful with the definitions of clear and colourless.

More information

Chem. I Notes Ch. 11 STOICHIOMETRY NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics.

Chem. I Notes Ch. 11 STOICHIOMETRY NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. Chem. I Notes Ch. 11 STOICHIOMETRY NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. 11.1 notes 1 MOLE = 6.02 x 10 23 representative particles representative particles

More information

AP Chemistry Chapter 3. Stoichiometry

AP Chemistry Chapter 3. Stoichiometry AP Chemistry Chapter 3 Stoichiometry Stoichiometry Is the study of the quantities of substances consumed and produced in chemical reactions Derived from the Greek words stoicheion meaning element and metron

More information

Ch. 10 Notes STOICHIOMETRY NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics.

Ch. 10 Notes STOICHIOMETRY NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. Ch. 10 Notes STOICHIOMETRY NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. 1 MOLE = 6.02 x 10 23 representative particles representative particles = ATOMS, IONS,

More information

Stoichiometry. Introduction. Rx between Hydrogen and Oxygen can be described as: Balanced equation: Or Avogadros Number: (number of Molecules)

Stoichiometry. Introduction. Rx between Hydrogen and Oxygen can be described as: Balanced equation: Or Avogadros Number: (number of Molecules) Stoichiometry Introduction Rx between Hydrogen and Oxygen can be described as: Balanced equation: Or Or Avogadros Number: (number of Molecules) Or Moles (amount of a substance containing avogadros number

More information

Unit 10: Stoichiometry. Stoichiometry= the process of using a to determine the relative amounts of reactants and products involved in a reaction.

Unit 10: Stoichiometry. Stoichiometry= the process of using a to determine the relative amounts of reactants and products involved in a reaction. Unit 10: Stoichiometry Stoichiometry= the process of using a to determine the relative amounts of reactants and products involved in a reaction. Info given by a chemical equation: Chemical changes involve

More information

CHEMICAL REACTIONS. Discuss breaking/forming bonds 10/29/2012. Products Reactants

CHEMICAL REACTIONS. Discuss breaking/forming bonds 10/29/2012. Products Reactants CHEMICAL REACTIONS - Page 321 Products Reactants Reactants: Zn + I 2 Product: Zn I 2 Discuss breaking/forming bonds Chemical Reaction or Change process in which one or more substances are converted into

More information

Chapter 5 Chemical Reactions

Chapter 5 Chemical Reactions Chapter 5 Chemical Reactions 5.1 Chemical Equations A chemical equation shows the chemical change taking place. The state of each substance is written in parentheses after the formula: s for solids, l

More information

Unit 4: Reactions and Stoichiometry

Unit 4: Reactions and Stoichiometry Unit 4: Reactions and Stoichiometry Reactions Chemical equation Expression representing a chemical reaction Formulas of reactants on the left side Formulas of products on the right side Arrow(s) connect(s)

More information

Unit (2) Quantitative Chemistry

Unit (2) Quantitative Chemistry Unit (2) Quantitative Chemistry Chapter (1) :The mole & chemical equation Lesson (1) Mole and chemical equation Chemical equation: The chemical symbols and formulas of the reactants and products which

More information

Chapter 1 IB Chemistry Warm Ups Stoichiometry. Mrs. Hilliard

Chapter 1 IB Chemistry Warm Ups Stoichiometry. Mrs. Hilliard Chapter 1 IB Chemistry Warm Ups Stoichiometry Mrs. Hilliard Vocabulary 1. Atomic theory 2. Kelvin 3. Mole 4. Relative abundance 5. Molar Mass 6. Empirical formula 7. Molecular formula 8. Stoichiometry

More information

Ch. 8 Notes ~ CHEMICAL REACTIONS NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics.

Ch. 8 Notes ~ CHEMICAL REACTIONS NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. Ch. 8 Notes ~ CHEMICAL REACTIONS NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. I. Chemical Reactions (rxns.) A. chemical reaction an expression showing the conversion

More information

IB Chemistry 1 Mole. One atom of C-12 has a mass of 12 amu. One mole of C-12 has a mass of 12 g. Grams we can use more easily.

IB Chemistry 1 Mole. One atom of C-12 has a mass of 12 amu. One mole of C-12 has a mass of 12 g. Grams we can use more easily. The Mole Atomic mass units and atoms are not convenient units to work with. The concept of the mole was invented. This was the number of atoms of carbon-12 that were needed to make 12 g of carbon. 1 mole

More information

C2.6 Quantitative Chemistry Foundation

C2.6 Quantitative Chemistry Foundation C2.6 Quantitative Chemistry Foundation 1. Relative masses Use the periodic table to find the relative masses of the elements below. (Hint: The top number in each element box) Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen

More information

Gas Laws. Bonding. Solutions M= moles solute Mass %= mass solute x 100. Acids and Bases. Thermochemistry q = mc T

Gas Laws. Bonding. Solutions M= moles solute Mass %= mass solute x 100. Acids and Bases. Thermochemistry q = mc T Name Period Teacher Practice Test: OTHS Academic Chemistry Spring Semester 2017 The exam will have 100 multiple choice questions (1 point each) Formula sheet (see below) and Periodic table will be provided

More information

Ch07. Reaction. Mapping & exploring reactions with chemical equations. The Molar Subway. version 1.5

Ch07. Reaction. Mapping & exploring reactions with chemical equations. The Molar Subway. version 1.5 Ch07 Reaction Mapping & exploring reactions with chemical equations. The Molar Subway version 1.5 Nick DeMello, PhD. 2007-2015 Ch07 Reaction Chemical Change Chemical Reaction Chemical Equations Describing

More information

Chemistry B11 Chapter 5 Chemical reactions

Chemistry B11 Chapter 5 Chemical reactions Chapter 5 Chemical reactions Chemical reactions are classified into five groups: A + B AB Synthesis reactions (Combination) H + O H O AB A + B Decomposition reactions (Analysis) NaCl Na +Cl A + BC AC +

More information

Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Homework Chapter 4 11, 15, 21, 23, 27, 29, 35, 41, 45, 47, 51, 55, 57, 61, 63, 73, 75, 81, 85 1 2 Chapter Objectives Solution To understand the nature of ionic substances

More information

Study Guide: Stoichiometry

Study Guide: Stoichiometry Name: Study Guide: Stoichiometry Period: **YOUR ANSWERS MUST INCLUDE THE PROPER NUMBER OF SIG FIGS AND COMPLETE UNITS IN ORDER TO RECEIVE CREDIT FOR THE PROBLEM.** BALANCE THE FOLLOWING EQUATIONS TO USE

More information

Chemical Quantities: Stoichiometry and the Mole

Chemical Quantities: Stoichiometry and the Mole Chemical Quantities: Stoichiometry and the Mole This is trying to summarize what we have learned up to this point: formulas, names, conversions, moles, quantities, reaction types, balancing equations,

More information

Chemical Equations and Chemical Reactions

Chemical Equations and Chemical Reactions Chemical Equations Chemical Equations and Chemical Reactions Chemical equations are concise representations of chemical reactions. Chemical Equations Symbols Used in Chemical Equations The formulas of

More information

Part 01 - Notes: Reactions & Classification

Part 01 - Notes: Reactions & Classification Objectives: Identify, define, and explain: combination reaction, synthesis reaction, decomposition reaction, single replacement reaction, double replacement reaction, combustion reaction, rapid oxidation,

More information

Multiple Choices: Choose the best (one) answer. Show in bold. Questions break-down: Chapter 8: Q1-8; Chapter 9: Q9-16: Chapter 10:

Multiple Choices: Choose the best (one) answer. Show in bold. Questions break-down: Chapter 8: Q1-8; Chapter 9: Q9-16: Chapter 10: HCCS CHEM 1405 textbook PRACTICE EXAM III (Ch. 8-10) 5 th and 6 th edition of Corwin s The contents of these chapters are more calculation-oriented and are the beginning of learning of the chemical language.

More information

Honors Chemistry Unit 6 Moles and Stoichiometry Notes. Intro to the mole 1. What is the chemical mole? 2. What is Avogadro s number?

Honors Chemistry Unit 6 Moles and Stoichiometry Notes. Intro to the mole 1. What is the chemical mole? 2. What is Avogadro s number? Honors Chemistry Unit 6 Moles and Stoichiometry Notes Intro to the mole 1. What is the chemical mole? 2. What is Avogadro s number? 3. What does it mean? 4. How is a mole like a dozen doughnuts? Formula

More information

Chem 101 Review. Fall 2012

Chem 101 Review. Fall 2012 Chem 101 Review Fall 2012 Elements, Atoms, Ions Elements in nature symbols Constant composition chemical formula Dalton s atomic theory Atomic structure what makes up the atom ions isotopes Periodic table

More information

Science 1206 Unit 3: Chemical Reactions Page 1 of 15

Science 1206 Unit 3: Chemical Reactions Page 1 of 15 Science 1206 Unit 3: Chemical Reactions Page 1 of 15 Introduction to Chemical Reactions Notes Part II TEXT p. 218-219 (word equations) There are many chemical reactions too many to count in fact! Like

More information

Word Equations. Symbols used in equations. Unit 7: Chemical Reactions. hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen

Word Equations. Symbols used in equations. Unit 7: Chemical Reactions. hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen Unit 7: Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions involve a reorganization of the atoms in one or more substances. Can be represented in different ways 1 Word Equations hydrogen peroxide reacts to produce

More information

Unit 5: Chemical Equations and Reactions & Stoichiometry

Unit 5: Chemical Equations and Reactions & Stoichiometry pg. 10 Unit 5: Chemical Equations and Reactions & Stoichiometry Chapter 8: Chemical Equations and Reactions 8.1: Describing Chemical Reactions Selected Chemistry Assignment Answers (Section Review on pg.

More information

Reactants and products. Indications of state. Mass balance: coefficients vs. subscripts

Reactants and products. Indications of state. Mass balance: coefficients vs. subscripts 1 of 9 I. Chemical equations Chemical equations - shorthand representations of chemical reactions The reaction of aqueous silver (I) nitrate and aqueous ammonium chloride results in the formation of solid

More information

TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS

TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Precipitation Reactions Compounds Soluble Ionic Compounds 1. Group 1A cations and NH 4 + 2. Nitrates (NO 3 ) Acetates (CH 3 COO ) Chlorates (ClO 3 ) Perchlorates (ClO 4 ) Solubility

More information

Intro to Reactions/ Balancing Equations

Intro to Reactions/ Balancing Equations Intro to Reactions/ Balancing Equations Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions involve change. Evidence of a chemical reaction could include the following Evolution of heat, light, and/or sound Production

More information

Chemical Reactions. Chemical changes are occurring around us all the time

Chemical Reactions. Chemical changes are occurring around us all the time Chemical changes are occurring around us all the time Food cooking Fuel being burned in a car s engine Oxygen being used in the human body The starting materials are called reactants The ending materials

More information

What type of solution that contains all of the

What type of solution that contains all of the What type of solution that contains all of the solute it can hold at a given temperature? Saturated Solution What type of solution that contains less solute than it is able to hold at a given temperature?

More information

During photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) according to the reaction:

During photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) according to the reaction: Example 4.1 Stoichiometry During photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) according to the reaction: Suppose that a particular plant consumes 37.8 g of CO 2

More information

Chemical Equations 10/30/13. Types of Chemical Reactions. Types of Chemical Reactions. Types of Chemical Reactions. Types of Chemical Reactions

Chemical Equations 10/30/13. Types of Chemical Reactions. Types of Chemical Reactions. Types of Chemical Reactions. Types of Chemical Reactions Chemical Equations A chemical equation just like a mathematical equation is a way to express, in symbolic form, the reactions occurring in a chemical system. n Balancing chemical equations n Reaction stoichiometry

More information

2) Solve for protons neutrons and electrons for the bromide ION.

2) Solve for protons neutrons and electrons for the bromide ION. 1) Write the formulas for the following a) Calcium nitride c)lithium hydroxide b) Iron (III) sulfide d) sulfuric acid 2) Solve for protons neutrons and electrons for the bromide ION. 3) Write the electron

More information

Chapter 4: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions. 4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations

Chapter 4: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions. 4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations Chapter 4: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions 4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations A chemical equation represents or symbolizes a chemical reaction. o Substances are represents by their chemical

More information

Types of Chemical Reactions

Types of Chemical Reactions Types of Chemical Reactions There are five types of chemical reactions: 1. Formation (combination) 2. Decomposition 3. Single Displacement 4. Double Displacement 5. Combustion 1 Formation (Combination)

More information

Test Booklet. Subject: SC, Grade: HS 2008 Grade High School Chemistry. Student name:

Test Booklet. Subject: SC, Grade: HS 2008 Grade High School Chemistry. Student name: Test Booklet Subject: SC, Grade: HS 2008 Grade High School Chemistry Student name: Author: North Carolina District: North Carolina Released Tests Printed: Tuesday July 17, 2012 1 How many protons and electrons

More information

HonorsChemistry 2nd Semester Review MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

HonorsChemistry 2nd Semester Review MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Exam Name HonorsChemistry 2nd Semester Review MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which process releases energy? 1) A) bond formation

More information

elemental state. There are two different possibilities: DESCRIPTION 1. One cation (+ ion) replaces another. 2. One anion (- ion) replaces another.

elemental state. There are two different possibilities: DESCRIPTION 1. One cation (+ ion) replaces another. 2. One anion (- ion) replaces another. CHEMICAL TYPES HANDOUT In these reactions, a free element reacts with a compound to form another compound and release one of the elements of the original compound in the elemental state. There are two

More information

Funsheet 3.0 [WRITING & BALANCING EQUATIONS] Gu/R. 2017

Funsheet 3.0 [WRITING & BALANCING EQUATIONS] Gu/R. 2017 Funsheet 3.0 [WRITING & BALANCING EQUATIONS] Gu/R. 2017 Balance the following chemical equations. Remember, it is not necessary to write "1" if the coefficient is one. 1. N 2 + H 2 NH 3 2. KClO 3 KCl +

More information

Balancing Equations Notes

Balancing Equations Notes . Unit 9 Chemical Equations and Reactions What is a Chemical Equation? A is a written representation of the process that occurs in a chemical reaction. A chemical equation is written with the (starting

More information

Practice questions for Chapter 4

Practice questions for Chapter 4 Practice questions for Chapter 4 1. An unknown substance dissolves readily in water but not in benzene (a nonpolar solvent). Molecules of what type are present in the substance? A) neither polar nor nonpolar

More information

5. The mass of oxygen required to completely convert 4.0 grams of hydrogen to water is 1) 8.0 grams; 2) 2.0 grams; 3) 32 grams; 4) 16 grams.

5. The mass of oxygen required to completely convert 4.0 grams of hydrogen to water is 1) 8.0 grams; 2) 2.0 grams; 3) 32 grams; 4) 16 grams. CHEMISTRY TEST NAME: MASS AND VOLUME DATE: EQUATION RELATIONSHIPS Directions: For each of the following questions, choose the number that best answers the question and place it on your answer sheet. Directions:

More information

UNIT 3 IB MATERIAL BONDING, MOLES & STOICHIOMETRY

UNIT 3 IB MATERIAL BONDING, MOLES & STOICHIOMETRY UNIT 3 IB MATERIAL Name: BONDING, MOLES & STOICHIOMETRY ESSENTIALS: Know, Understand, and Be Able To Apply the mole concept to substances. Determine the number of particles and the amount of substance

More information

THE MOLE - PART 2. Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

THE MOLE - PART 2. Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. THE MOLE - PART 2 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which one of the following statements is a quantitative observation? a.

More information

Chapter 3 Stoichiometry. Ratios of combination

Chapter 3 Stoichiometry. Ratios of combination Chapter 3 Stoichiometry Ratios of combination Topics Molecular and formula masses Percent composition of compounds Chemical equations Mole and molar mass Combustion analysis (Determining the formula of

More information

Introduction to Chemical Reactions. Making new substances

Introduction to Chemical Reactions. Making new substances Introduction to Chemical Reactions Making new substances Main Ideas Chemical Reactions are represented by Chemical Equations. Chemical Equations are balanced to show the same number of atoms of each element

More information

CH 101 Fall 2018 Discussion #8 Chapter 6 Your name: TF s name: Discussion Day/Time: Things you should know when you leave Discussion today:

CH 101 Fall 2018 Discussion #8 Chapter 6 Your name: TF s name: Discussion Day/Time: Things you should know when you leave Discussion today: CH 101 Fall 2018 Discussion #8 Chapter 6 Your name: TF s name: Discussion Day/Time: Things you should know when you leave Discussion today: Precipitation Reaction & Solubility Solubility of Ionic compounds

More information

PRACTICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR 1.2 AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE

PRACTICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR 1.2 AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE PRACTICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR 1.2 AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE 1. Nitroglycerine, C 3 H 5 N 3 O 9, is an explosive which, on detonation, decomposes rapidly to form a large number of gaseous molecules. The

More information

Counting by mass: The Mole. Unit 8: Quantification of Chemical Reactions. Calculating molar mass. Particles. moles and mass. moles and particles

Counting by mass: The Mole. Unit 8: Quantification of Chemical Reactions. Calculating molar mass. Particles. moles and mass. moles and particles Unit 8: Quantification of Chemical Reactions Chapter 10: The mole Chapter 12: Stoichiometry Counting by mass: The Mole Chemists can t count individual atoms Use moles to determine amounts instead mole

More information

Balancing Equations. Chemical reactions occur when bonds (between the electrons of atoms) are formed or broken Chemical reactions involve

Balancing Equations. Chemical reactions occur when bonds (between the electrons of atoms) are formed or broken Chemical reactions involve Balancing Equations Chemical reactions occur when bonds (between the electrons of atoms) are formed or broken Chemical reactions involve changes in the chemical composition of matter the making of new

More information

Lesson (1) Mole and chemical equation

Lesson (1) Mole and chemical equation Lesson (1) Mole and chemical equation 1 When oxygen gas reacts with magnesium, magnesium oxide is formed. Such Reactions are described by balanced equations known as "chemical equations" Δ 2Mg(s) + O2(g)

More information

Ch 7 Chemical Reactions Study Guide Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON

Ch 7 Chemical Reactions Study Guide Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON Ch 7 Chemical Reactions Study Guide Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON Name /80 TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. Correct the False statments by changing the

More information

Balancing Equations Notes

Balancing Equations Notes . Unit 7 Chemical Equations and Reactions What is a Chemical Equation? A is a written representation of the process that occurs in a chemical reaction. A chemical equation is written with the (starting

More information

Chapter 9. Chemical Reaction

Chapter 9. Chemical Reaction Chapter 9 Chemical Reaction Everyday Chemical Reaction O Can you name some? O Cooking Pizza O Changes the ingredients O Combustion O Driving to school burns gasoline O Wheelbarrow rusting (especially in

More information

IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science

IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science Chemistry 4.1 - The Mole Concept The Atomic Mass Unit You need to know the atomic mass unit and the relative atomic mass. In Unit C3.3, 1 atomic mass unit

More information

Student Version Notes: Unit 5 Moles & Stoichiometry

Student Version Notes: Unit 5 Moles & Stoichiometry Name: Regents Chemistry: Mr. Palermo Student Version Notes: Unit 5 Moles & Stoichiometry Name: KEY IDEAS A compound is a substance composed of two or more different elements that are chemically combined

More information

Chemical Reactions. Chemical Reactions 5 signs/evidence of chemical reactions:

Chemical Reactions. Chemical Reactions 5 signs/evidence of chemical reactions: Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions 5 signs/evidence of chemical reactions: Chemical Reaction: a process in which one or more substances are converted into new substances with different chemical and

More information

Chemical Equations. Intro to Stoichiometry. 2Na (s) + Cl 2(g) 2NaCl (s) Reactants Products. The Conservation Laws 4/6/09

Chemical Equations. Intro to Stoichiometry. 2Na (s) + Cl 2(g) 2NaCl (s) Reactants Products. The Conservation Laws 4/6/09 Intro to Stoichiometry Chemistry 11 Chemical Equations Various types of evidence suggests that a chemical reaction has occurred. These include: Change in temperature. A colour change may occur. New phases

More information

Chapter 8. Chemical Equations. Flames and sparks result when aluminum foil is dropped Into liquid bromine.

Chapter 8. Chemical Equations. Flames and sparks result when aluminum foil is dropped Into liquid bromine. Chapter 8 Chemical Equations Flames and sparks result when aluminum foil is dropped Into liquid bromine. Introduction to General, Organic, and Biochemistry 10e John Wiley & Sons, Inc Morris Hein, Scott

More information

9-1 The Nature of Chemical Reactions

9-1 The Nature of Chemical Reactions 9-1 The Nature of Chemical Reactions What are chemical reactions and why do they occur? A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances are converted into new substances with different

More information