Computation of Fifth Degree of Spline Function Model by Using C++ Programming
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1 89 Computton o Ft Degree o plne Functon Model b Usng C Progrmmng Frdun K. Hml, Aln A. Abdull nd Knd M. Qdr Mtemtcs Dept, Unverst o ulmn, ulmn, IRAQ Mtemtcs Dept, Unverst o ulmn, ulmn, IRAQ Mtemtcs Dept, Unverst o ulmn, ulmn, IRAQ Abstrct In ts pper, new quntc splne metod developed or computng pproxmte soluton o derentl equtons. It s sown tt te present metod s o te order tree nd our dervtves nd gves pproxmtons wc re better. Te numercl result obtned b te present metod s been compred wt te exct soluton usng C progrmmng nd lso llustrte grpcll te pplcblt o te new metod. B gettng te dvntges o te mtemtcl buldng unctons lke pow (or power, exp (or exponentl, etc. re provded n C progrmmng lbrr, ll processng steps re done ecentl nd llustrted s Pseudocode model. Kewords: - Quntc splne, Derentl equtons, Buldng unctons, Pseudocode.. Introducton A metod or pproxmte solvng ntl vlue problems proposed or derentl equtons. In ct, ts metod s vrnt o te well-known metod o splne nterpolton consdered n [. A prncpl derence between consdertons n [ nd ours s tt, te new cse o lcunr nterpoltons wt oters boundr condtons. Ts metod enbles us to pproxmte te soluton s well s ts rst nd trd dervtves t ever pont o te rnge o ntegrton. We proved tt ts new metod gves better numercl results tn te prevous known results. In recent ers, Al-d nd Noor [,, Kl nd Noor [ nd Noor nd Al-d [, ve used suc tpes o penlt uncton n solvng clss o contct problems n elstct n conjuncton wt collocton, nte derence nd splne tecnques. Te generl ourt order ntl vlue problem consdered s o te orm g( x, < x < Wt te boundr condtons x, ( x, ( x nd ( x. ( ( n x x nd tt C ([, R Were, n (, nd tt s Lpsctz contnuous n, smlrl or te trd order,,, nd ntl vlue problems. Te m o ts pper s to construct new splne metod bsed on quntc splne uncton tt s polnoml prt nd to develop numercl metods or obtnng smoot pproxmtons or te soluton o te problem ( subject to te ntl condtons (.
2 9 Te exstence nd unqueness or splne uncton o degree ve wc nterpolte te lcunr dt (, s presented nd exmned n ecton, we derve te numercl metod nd brel dscuss ts error nlss teoretcll n ecton. Convergence nlss or second order, ourt order nd t order metods s estblsed n ecton. Numercl results re presented to llustrte te pplcblt nd ccurc ter prctcl useulness wt C progrmmng n ecton. One o te C progrmmng powerul ncludes (cmt eder le. Te cmt eder le provdes collecton o unctons tt enbles progrmmer to perorm common mtemtcl clcultons [7. Te nstructons (codesre llustrted n Pseudocode. Pseudocode s compct nd norml g-level descrpton o computer progrmmng lgortm tt uses te structurl conventons o progrmmng lnguge, but t s ntended or umn redng rter tn mcne redng [8.. Explnton o te Metod We consder mes wt nodl ponts te x on [, b suc tt; : x < x <.. < x < x b were. x j x j (x n n, j,,,..., n. Also we denote quntc splne uncton, nterpoltng to uncton (x dened on [, b s suc tt: ( x x ( x x (! ( x x, ( x x, ( x x, ( x, ( x On te lst ntervl [ n, xn ollows: ( x nd x we dene ( j x n s n n ( x x ( x x ( x xn n, ( x x n n n, n, n n, ( x x! n ( n Were n, j, j,, nd, unknowns re to be determned. Teorem : Exstence nd Unqueness plne Model ( r Gves te rel numbers ( x,,,,, n nd r,, nd x nd ( x ten te exst unque ( n splne uncton o degree sx rom equtons (-( suc tt: ( x ( x ( r ( r ( x ( x, r, nd ( x ( x nd ( x ( x n n or,,..., n ( ( Proo: For wole ntervl x, x were,,,..., n [. Assumng (x to be te exct soluton o te equton (, obtned b te splne (x, long wt te contnut condton o te rst nd trd dervtves t [x -, x derved: n, te ollowng consstenc reltons re,,,,,,,, olvng te bove sstem, te coecents o (x on te ntervl [x,x or,,,..., n., ( ( 7 ( 8, ( ( ( 7 8 (7 (8
3 9, ( ( ( B solvng tese equtons, we see tt te coecents n, (9 ;, nd re unquel determned, snce we ve tree equtons nd tree unknowns, nd nll, we cn nd te coecents o ( smlrl n x n te ntervl [x n-,x n. Hence te proo s complete.. Convergence nlss In ts secton, we nvestgte te convergence nlss o te quntc splne metod descrbed n ecton.for ts purpose, te error bound o te splne uncton (x wc s soluton o te problem (nd s obtned or te unorm prtton I b te ollowng teorem: Teorem : Let C [, s te exct soluton o te derentl equtons (nd (x be unque splne uncton o degree ve wc soluton o te problem ( nd. Ten or x x, x ;,,,, n-, we ve ( r ( r [ r W ( r W ( r W ( r W ( 9 r W ( 7 W ( or or r r or r or r or r or r were W ( denotes te modules o contnut o (, dened b W mx{ W ; x } ( Proo: Let x x, x were,,, n-. [ From equton nd te Tlor s expnson ormul, we ve (, ( (, [ ( ( 7 ( ( [ ( [ ( 7 W (,, ( x x, 7 ( ( x x, ( 9 ( W (,, ( x x, ( x x, ( (, ( x x ( x x ( x x W (, ( x ( x x ( x x,,, ( W (, ( x x ( x x, ( x x! ( x x ( ( x x ( x x ( ( W (,,,,, ( x x! ( (
4 9 W (, Ts proves Teorem or x x, x, smlrl we cn ( [ obtn te result or x x n, x. Ts completes te proo. [ n. Illustrton Exmples: Ts secton, severl numercl exmples re gven to llustrte te propertes o te metod nd ll o tem were perormed on te computer usng progrm wrtten n [7, 8. Te bsolute errors n Tbles re te vlues o (x - t selected ponts, nd lso te ollowng gures re sown tt ncreses o te order dervtves ncreses te errors. Problem : we consder te ntl vlue problem were x [,, ( ( ( ( ( (, clerl tt, te exct soluton s x e. Te Pseudocode o problem s: or ( strt pont to end pont, ncrese strt pont b or ec step { tep : Fnd (* ((pow(,/* ((pow(, /* ( ((pow(,/* (* ((pow(,/* ( ( ( ((pow(,/* ( (,/* ( ((pow(,/* ( (* ( ((pow ( ( ((pow(,/* (/pow(,*( (/(**(7* (* (/*(* -* ( (/pow(,*( - - (/pow(,*( (/(**(7* * ( ( (/pow(,*( - - (/pow(,*( (/pow(,*( ( tep : Fnd (.*((exp(exp(- ( (.*(exp(- exp(- tep : Fnd Error - Error - Error ( - ( tep : Prnt Error, Error, Error respectvel. } Problem : Consder tt te t order boundr vlue problem ( were x [,, ( ( ( ( nd ( x x e e cos( x soluton s Te Pseudocode o problem s: te exct or ( strt pont to end pont, ncrese strt pont b or ec step { tep : Fnd ( ( tep : Fnd
5 9 (* ((pow(,/* ((pow(, /* ( ((pow(,/* ( ((pow(,/ * (* ( ( ((pow(,/* ( (,/* ( ((pow(,/* ( ( * ( * ( ( ((pow ( ( ((pow(, / Tble (: Mxmum errors n soluton o problem ( E E. -. * 9.9 *. -. *.8 * *.9 * ( E 9. * 9.9 *. * Tble (: Mxmum errors n soluton o problem ( E E *.87 *. - *.9 *. - *. * ( E 9.89 *.88 *. * tep : Fnd (/pow(,*(- Te ollowng gures observe te numercl results wt respect two orders o dervtve: (/(**(7* (* (/*(* - * ( (/pow(,*( - - (/pow(,*( (/(**(7* * ( Absolute Error Grp or problem, wen. Error Error Error Exct Exct Exct ( (/pow(,*( - - (/pow(,*( ( tep : Fnd exp(- ( -(exp(- tep : Fnd Error - Error - Error ( - (/pow(,*( ( tep : Prnt Error, Error, Error respectvel. }.E.E.E.E.E.E-.E Absolute Error Grp or problem, wen..97 Error Error Error Exct Exct Exct
6 9 It s observed tt te metod s te best dvntge wen.e.e.e.e.e.e-.e..... Absolute Error Grp or problem, wen Error Error Error Exct Exct Exct Error Error Error Exct Exct Exct te known unctons n equton cn be expnded to Tlor seres wt converge rpdl. In order to get te best pproxmton, we tke more terms rom te Tlor expnson o unctons; tt s, te truncton lmt N must be cosen lrge enoug. On te oter nd, rom Tble, t m be observed tt te solutons ound or derent sow close greement or vrous vlues o x. In prtculr, our results n tbles re usull better tn te oter metods, re sown n te bove gures. Anoter consderble dvntge o te metod s tt Tlor coecents o te soluton re ound ver esl b usng te computer progrms. - Absolute Error Grp or problem, wen.. Error Error. Error Exct Exct -. Exct Absolute Error Grp or problem, wen Error Error Error Ecxt Exct Exct Absolute Error Grp or problem, wen.. Dscusson: A new tecnque, usng te Tlor seres, to numercll soluton te pntogrp equtons s presented. Reerences [ Abbs Y. Al Bt, Rostm K. eed nd Frdun K. Hm- l (9 Te Exstence, Unqueness nd Error Bounds o Approxmton plnes Interpolton or olvng econd-order Intl Vlue Problems, Journl o Mtemtcs nd ttstcs (:-9,, IN 9-. [ E.A. Al-d, M.A. Noor, Computtonl metods or ourtorder obstcle boundr vlue problems, Comm. Appl. Nonlner Anl. ( [ E.A. Al-d, M.A. Noor, Qurtc splne metod or solvng ourt-order obstcle boundr vlue problems, J. Comput. Appl. Mt. ( 7. [ A.K. Kl, M.A. Noor, Quntc splnes solutons o clss o contct problems, Mt. Comput. Modell. (99 8. [ M.A. Noor, E.A. Al-d, Fourt-order obstcle problems, n: T.M. Rsss, H.M. rvstv (Eds., Anltc nd Geometrc Inequltes nd Applctons, Kluwer Acdemc Publsers, Dordrect, Hollnd, 999, pp. 77. [ M.A. Noor, E.A. Al-d, Numercl solutons o ourt-order vrtonl nequltes, Int. J. Comput. Mt. 7 ( 7. [7 P.J. DEITEL, H.M. DEITEL, How To Progrm C, xt Edton,8. [8 Y. Dnel Lng, Introducton to Progrmmng Wt C, 7.
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