In-situ Growth of Layered Bimetallic ZnCo Hydroxide Nanosheets for Highperformance All-Solid-State Pseudocapacitor

Transcription

1 Supporting Information In-situ Growth of Layered Bimetallic ZnCo Hydroxide Nanosheets for Highperformance All-Solid-State Pseudocapacitor Zhichang Pan, Yingchang Jiang, Peiyu Yang, Zeyi Wu, Wenchao Tian, Liu Liu, Yun Song, Qinfen Gu, * Dalin Sun, * Linfeng Hu * *Corresponding author: qinfen.gu@synchrotron.org.au; dlsun@fudan.edu.cn; linfenghu@fudan.edu.cn Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai , P. R. China Australia Synchrotron (ANSTO), 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, 3168, Australia 1

2 Figure S1. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) curve of ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 O shows that in temperature range of 25 ~ 800 ºC, the sample underwent weight loss of 29.3%. The first weight loss of 0.1% below 50ºC was ascribed to the evaporation of adsorbed water molecules on the surface. With the increase of temperature from 50 ºC to 145 ºC, the weight loss of 3.2% was associated to the evaporation of intercalated water molecules. When the temperature raised from 145 ºC to 500 ºC, the weight loss was related to the loss of water molecules produced by dehydroxylation of the hydroxide layers combined with the partial loss of Cl. 2

3 Figure S2. Powder XRD pattern of as-prepared ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 O sample. (Inset) Enlarged view of the pattern in high angles. Figure S3. Side-view along b-axis of layered ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 O crystal. 3

4 Figure S4. XRD patterns of ion-exchange process: (a) ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 O powder. (b) ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 O treated with a SDS HCl solution. (c) ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 O treated with a NaNO 3 HCl solution. 4

5 Figure S5. (a) TEM image ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 O. Elemental mappings: (b) Co, (c) Zn, (d) O. 5

6 Figure S6. (a) Nitrogen (77k) adsorption/ desorption isotherms and (b) BJH pore size distribution of ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 O nanosheets. Figure S7. The illustrative procedure of scotch-tape based micromechanical cleavage of the ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 O bulk. 6

7 Figure S8. XPS spectra of ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 O powder sample. Figure S9. FTIR spectra of ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 O nanosheets from 400 cm 1 to 4000 cm 1 7

8 Figure S10. XRD pattern of ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 O sample prepared at 120 o C with different reaction time: (a) 3h, (b) 1h, 8

9 Figure S11. SEM images of ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 O sample prepared at 120 o C with different reaction time: (a) 5h, (b) 1h, (c) 3h, and (d) ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 O sample synthesized at 90 o C for 5h. 9

10 Figure S12. XRD pattern of the product using urea as alkali source. 10

11 Figure S13. (a) XRD pattern of the ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 O sample using (i) 45 mm HMT and (ii) 90 mm HMT as alkali source, respectively. (b) SEM image of the asobtained product using 90 mm HMT as alkali source. 11

12 Figure S14. (a) CV curves of the rgo electrode at different scan rates. (b) Galvanostatic charge-discharge curves and (c) C s of the rgo electrode at different current densities. (d) energy density vs. power density curves of the rgo electrode. 12

13 Table S1. Comparison of specific capacitance of all-solid-state supercapacitors Electrode material Electrolyte Specific capacitance Ref# V 3 S 3D graphene hollow structure PVA/LiCl 24.2 F/g at 4 ma/cm 2 1 Co 3 O 4 foam PVA/KOH 57.4 F/g at 1 A/g 2 Fe 3 O nanosheets PVA/KOH 58.5 F/g at 1 A/g 3 N-containing porous paper PVA/H 2 SO F/g at 0.5 A/g 4 Caron fiber paper /Ppy film PAAK/KCl 82.4 F/g at 0.5 A/g 5 Graphene nanoribbons-mno FTO PAAK/KCl 212 F/g at 0.5 A/g 6 MnO 2 nanosheet /Carbon Fiber PVA/LiCl 69.4 F/g at 0.5 A/g 7 MnO 2 -nanosheet / FeCo 2 O 4 -tube Ni foam PVA/KOH 2.53F/cm 2 at 2 ma/cm 2 8 ZnO Ni foam PVA/NaNO 3 59 F/g at 1 A/g 9 ZnCo 2 O 4 Foam Zn Ni Co oxide nanowire foam PVA/KOH 143 F/g at 1 A/g 10 PVA/KOH F/g at 1 A/g 11 Ti 3 C 2 /Ni Co Al LDH PVA/KOH F/g at 0.5 A/g 12 NiMn-LDH/CNT film Nafion/KOH 221 F/g at 1 A/g 13 ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 foam PVA/KOH ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 foam PVA/KOH F/g at 0.20 A/g F/g at 1 A/g This work This work 13

14 Table S2. Comparison of energy density vs power density of all-solid-state supercapacitors Electrode material Electrolyte Energy Power Ref# density (Wh/kg) density (W/kg) Fe 3 O nanosheets PVA/KOH MnO 2 Nanosheet/Carbon Fiber PVA/LiCl SiC/Fe 3 O 4 PVA- PNA/KOH PPy nanowires/nanofibrous textile PVA/H 2 SO N-containing porous paper PVA/H 2 SO V 3 S 4 on 3D graphene hollow structure PVA/LiCl CNT/V 2 O Ni foam PC/LiClO Ti 3 C 2 /Ni Co Al LDH PVA/KOH Zn Ni Co oxide foam PVA/KOH ZnCo 2 O 4 nanowire foam PVA/KOH Ni Zn Co foam PVA/KOH NiCo hydroxyl foam PVA/KOH Zn Co S foam PVA/KOH Co foam PVA/KOH ZnCo 1.5 (OH) 4.5 Cl H 2 O PVA/KOH This work 14

15 REFERENCES (1) Zhai, T.; Lu, X.; Wang, H.; Wang, G.; Mathis, T.; Liu, T.; Li, C.; Tong, Y.; Li, Y. An Electrochemical Capacitor with Applicable Energy Density of 7.4 Wh/kg at Average Power Density of 3000 W/kg. Nano Lett. 2015, 15, (2) Liu, W.; Li, X.; Zhu, M.; He, X. High-Performance All-Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on Co 3 O 4 Nanowires and Carbon Aerogel. J. Power Sources 2015, 282, (3) Fan, H.; Niu, R.; Duan, J.; Liu, W.; Shen, W. Fe 3 O Carbon Nanosheets for All- Solid-State Supercapacitor Electrodes. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, (4) Chen, J.; Wei, H. M.; Fu, N.; Chen, H. J.; Lan, G. X.; Lin, H. L.; Han, S. Facile Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Porous Carbon as Electrode Materials for Superior- Performance Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors. J. Mater. Sci. 2018, 53, (5) Yang, C.; Shen, J.; Wang, C.; Fei, H.; Bao, H.; Wang, G. All-Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide/Carbon Nanotube and Carbon Fiber Paper/Polypyrrole Electrodes. J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, (6) Liu, M.; Tjiu, W. W.; Pan, J.; Zhang, C.; Gao, W.; Liu, T. One-Step Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbon MnO 2 Hybrids and Their All-Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitors. Nanoscale 2014, 6, (7) Yu, N.; Yin, H.; Zhang, W.; Liu, Y.; Tang, Z. Y.; Zhu, M. Q. High-Performance Fiber-Shaped All-Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Ultrathin MnO 2 Nanosheet/Carbon Fiber Cathodes for Wearable Electronics. Adv. Energy Mater. 2016, 6, (8) Zhu, B.; Tang, S.; Vongehr, S.; Xie, H.; Meng, X. Hierarchically MnO 2 Nanosheet Covered Submicrometer-FeCo 2 O 4 -Tube Forest as Binder-Free Electrodes for High Energy Density All-Solid-State Supercapacitors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, (9) Zhang, Y.; Lin, B.; Wang, J.; Tian, J.; Sun, Y.; Zhang, X.; Yang, H. All-Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on ZnO Quantum Dots/Carbon/CNT and Porous N- Doped Carbon/CNT Electrodes Derived from A Single ZIF-8/CNT Template. J. Mater. 15

16 Chem. A 2016, 4, (10) Moon, I. K.; Yoon, S.; Oh, J. Three-Dimensional Hierarchically Mesoporous ZnCo 2 O 4 Nanowires Grown on Graphene/Sponge Foam for High Performance, Flexible, All Solid State Supercapacitors. Chem. Eur. J. 2017, 23, (11) Wu, C.; Cai, J.; Zhang, Q.; Zhou, X.; Zhu, Y.; Shen, P. K.; Zhang, K. Hierarchical Mesoporous Zinc nickel cobalt Ternary Oxide Nanowire Arrays on Nickel Foam as High-Performance Electrodes for Supercapacitors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, (12) Zhao, R.; Wang, M.; Zhao, D.; Li, H.; Wang, C.; Yin, L. Molecular-Level Heterostructures Assembled from Titanium Carbide MXene and Ni-Co-Al Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets for All-Solid-State Flexible Asymmetric High-Energy Supercapacitors. ACS Energy Lett. 2017, 3, (13) Zhao, J. W.; Chen, J.; Xu, S. M.; Shao, M. F.; Zhang, Q.; Wei, F.; Ma, J.; Wei, M.; Evans, D. G.; Duan, X. Hierarchical NiMn Layered Double Hydroxide/Carbon Nanotubes Architecture with Superb Energy Density for Flexible Supercapacitors. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, (14) Kim, M.; Yoo, J.; Kim, J. Quasi-Solid-State Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on Ferroferric Oxide Nanoparticles on Porous Silicon Carbide with Redox-active p-nitroaniline Gel Electrolyte. Chem. Eng. J. 2017, 324, (15) Liu, Q.; Wang, B.; Chen, J.; Li, F.; Liu, K.; Wang, Y.; Li, M.; Lu, Z.; Wang, W.; Wang, D. Facile Synthesis of Three-Dimensional (3D) Interconnecting Polypyrrole (PPy) Nanowires/Nanofibrous Textile Composite Electrode for High Performance Supercapacitors. Composites: Part A 2017, 101, (16) Chen, Z.; Augustyn, V.; Wen, J.; Zhang, Y.; Shen, M.; Dunn, B.; Lu, Y. High- Performance Supercapacitors Based on Intertwined CNT/V 2 O 5 Nanowire Nanocomposites. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, (17) Guan, B.; Guo, D.; Hu, L.; Zhang, G.; Fu, T.; Ren, W.; Li, J.; Li, Q. Facile Synthesis of ZnCo 2 O 4 Nanowire Cluster Arrays on Ni Foam for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors. J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, (18) Wang, H.; Gao, Q.; Hu, J. Asymmetric Capacitor Based on Superior Porous Ni Zn 16

17 Co Oxide/Hydroxide and Carbon Electrodes. J. Power Sources 2010, 195, (19) Zhao, Y.; Ma, H.; Huang, S.; Zhang, X.; Xia, M.; Tang, Y.; Ma, Z. Monolayer Nickel Cobalt Hydroxyl Carbonate for High Performance All-solid-state Asymmetric Supercapacitors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, (20) Li, C.; Balamurugan, J.; Kim, N. H.; Lee, J. H. Hierarchical Zn Co S Nanowires as Advanced Electrodes for All-Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitors. Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, (21) Jiang, S.; Pang, M.; Zhao, J.; Xing, B.; Pan, Q.; Yang, H.; Qu, W.; Gu, L.; Wang, H. Superior Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on A Directly Grown Three- Dimensional Lawn-like Cobalt-Zinc Hydroxyfluorides Nanoneedle Arrays Electrode. Chem. Eng. J. 2017, 326,