Mechanically Strong Graphene/Aramid Nanofiber. Power

Transcription

1 Supporting Information Mechanically Strong Graphene/Aramid Nanofiber Composite Electrodes for Structural Energy and Power Se Ra Kwon, John Harris, Tianyang Zhou, Dimitrios Loufakis James G. Boyd, and Jodie L. Lutkenhaus*,, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States * S1

2 Figure S1. (a) Molecular structure of polyaramid PPTA. (b) AFM height images of ANFs drop-cast on mica (inset: digital image of prepared ANFs/DMSO dispersion). S2

3 Figure S2. (a) Digital image, SEM images of (b) surface and (c) cross-section of GO paper. (d) Digital image, SEM images of (e) surface and (f) cross-section of GO/25wt% ANF composite paper. (g) Digital image, SEM images of (h) surface and (i) cross-section of RGO paper. S3

4 Figure S3. AFM height images of (a) GO paper, (b) drop-cast ANFs on mica, and (c) GO/ANFs composite paper. Scale bars are 500 nm. S4

5 Figure S4. XRD patterns of GO, ANFs, and GO/ANF composite films. S5

6 Table S1. d-spacing and full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of GO and GO/ANF composite films from XRD patterns. 2θ ( ) d-spacing (nm) FWHM GO GO/5 wt% ANF GO/10 wt% ANF GO/25 wt% ANF S6

7 Table S2. Results of tensile testing. wt % # t (μm) w (mm) L (mm) Young's modulus (GPa) Ultimate strain (%) Strength (MPa) Toughness (kj/m3) RGO average 3.7± ± ± ± wt% average 4.0± ± ± ± wt% average 7.8± ± ± ± wt% average 9.7± ± ± ± wt% average 13.0± ± ± ± ANFs average 5.3± ± ± ±109 S7

8 Figure S5. Cyclic voltammograms of RGO/ANF composite electrodes at varying scan rates and with different ANFs composition. (a) RGO, (b) RGO/1 wt% ANF, (c) RGO/5 wt% ANF, (d) RGO/10 wt% ANF, and (e) RGO/25 wt% ANF. S8

9 Table S3. Specific capacitance at varying scan rates from CV curves. Scan rate (V/s) Specific Capacitance (F/g) TRGO 1 wt% ANF 5 wt% ANF 10 wt% ANF 25 wt% ANF S9

10 Table S4. Density of the electrodes as a function of ANFs loading within the composite electrodes. Density (g/cm 3 ) Areal Mass (mg/cm 2 ) RGO RGO/1wt% ANF RGO/5wt% ANF RGO/10wt% ANF RGO/25wt% ANF S10

11 Figure S6. Volumetric capacitance dependence on potential sweep rate. Figure S7. Energy density of the electrodes as a function of ANFs loading. S11

12 Figure S8. Ragone plot of (a) specific energy vs specific power and (b) volumetric energy density vs volumetric power density. The specific or volumetric energy (E, Wh/kg or Wh/L) and power (P, W/kg or W/L) of the electrodes were calculated by the equations E = C V! 8 and P = E v V, where C is the specific or volumetric capacitance (F/g or F/cm 3 ) measured by CV, V is the potential window, and v is the scan rate (V/s). S12

13 Table S5. Specific capacitance and capacitance retention ratio from galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling test at 0.5 A/g. cycle # RGO 1 wt% ANF 5 wt% ANF 10 wt% ANF 25 wt% ANF F/g % F/g % F/g % F/g % F/g % S13

14 Table S6. Ashby plot data from Figure 5. Materials Strength (MPa) Specific Capacitance (F/g) Electrochemical Fabrication Method Mechanical RGO/MnO 2 paper Polypyrrole nanofibre/rgo paper 2 RGO-Cellulose paper Wire shaped RGO/CNT composite 4 RGO-Polyaniline paper RGO aerogel Vacuum filtration of GO/MnO 2 dispersion, followed by hydrazine reduction Vacuum filtration of Ppy/GO dispersion, followed by HI reduction Vacuum filtration of graphene dispersion through cellulose filter paper Wet spinning of GO/FWCNT dispersion (4:1 wt. ratio), followed by HI reduction In situ anodic electropolymerization of polyaniline film on graphene paper Supercritical CO 2 drying of graphene hydrogel precursors obtained from heating the aqueous mixture of graphene oxide with L-ascorbic acid MWCNT paper Spray layer-by-layer assembly of MWNT- NH 3 + /MWNT-COO - ) on carbon paper 7 Electrophoretically deposited on stainless steel susbstrate and liberated from substrate 8 SWCNT-Ppy-CE composite paper Ppy deposited on SWCNT buckypaper by potentioamperometric polymerization, and soaked in cyanate ester solution RGO paper SWCNT paper Vacuum filtration of chemically reduced grapehene dispersion, followed by dipping in water for solvated graphene film 11 Vacuum filtration of SWNT dispersion 12 Vacuum filtration of chemically reduced graphene dispersion 10 Vacuum filtration of SWNT dispersion 13 S14

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