Micrometer Gravity in Sky

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1 Micrometer Gravity in Sky Dr. Qasem Exirifard

2

3 آ#% دا ف,/دن,+ *(%)! و &%ر#"! ا*> &%ر#"! )% را د#;ن دا #%7! ;#%> <6( += در*> د#;ن!(%)* %( را B"C4 *%زد. ;#%> د#;ن %(

4 1FاI7 و )1 1FاI7,1 H+ ا* 2 /ار )6> در 1FاI7 EF!#%(G)H <;ه ا*> و )@/ز C7! داJC)7 %ن

5 1FاI7 =/اC27! در F(2! ا 7/PQR! - د 7 (%ی 1N7 #%ت- %4 )@/ز دK)L % C7! داE)7 =@(E ) 1Cاه =/اC27! 4"7%(S,% را 1FاI7 +7/TH String Theory, Spin Foam theory, Quantum Loop Gravity, Quantum Gravity with reduced symmetry, Emergent gravity, Emergent Quantum Mechanics,...

6 =/اC27! ی 1FاI7 U%64+ V/,! )(W %4 )6>. ی 1N7 ی U%64+ #S 1X%Y Y %ل در =/اC27! 1FاI7 داده ی 7 ;ار# E =+,+ ]/رت آزTJ#%4 %)! ا 4 (;ی دا< 2 +,%<(E, 2 /اE)7 در 4 /رد 1FاI7 =/اC27! *[@! \;#;ه <@%*7%+ و 4?2@!,1. E)7G, <3)?P +,!T)@"& 1P%V +, _7%?`4 &/رم د* 12 *! 7 ;ار# E.!T)@"& +, *(%ه د* 12 *! 7 ;ار# E رو#;اد اaR 1P%V,+ +U%H

7 =+ از 1FاI7 د# 1T G)Hی e, b)cd ا*> و 2L! 1FاJ7! را +=!4 در ا, 3 %د!7%`)= +, =%ر!4 E#1,!C7 &/اE)7 آg7 + E)@),!4 += را f)[/&.e)@= ا# B +U%64 S# ی 1N7 ی 7(6>. U%64+ ی \;#;ه <@%*7%+ )6>, د 7 (%#! =+,( 1 ون از ذ) B <6( %4.<6(

8 S)4% در ا, 3 %د =(`7%! دوم B&/)7 7%L /ن ~F = m~a B&/)7 1FاI7 7%L /ن r 2 = 4 G ~F = mr

9 ی S)4% J4 %);ه d ;م a,%i& J4 %);ه %, +#1N7

10 آ< 2! دادن J4 %);ه و #1N7+ 4 %ده ای )6> =+ ا 1jی 1FاJ7! دارد ا %4 )@/ز آن را 7 ;#;ه ا# E. J4 `/ر,+ #1N7+ 4 %ده &%ر# S 7%L /ن دوم 7(/&B در*> 7(6>. J4 `/ر,+ #1N7+ ی MOND MOG +, J4 `/ر ۰<6)7 در*> B&/)7 1FاI7 7%L /ون

11 ر)(% R > 4 %ده ی &%ر# S r 2 = 4 G( SM + DM ) 4 %ده ا* 7%2 ;ارد- 4 %ده ی,%ر#/ S)7 4 %ده ی &%ر# S

12 14 وری,1 Q"J4 ت #1N7+ 4 %ده &%ر# S arxiv: The bulk flow challenge. The high-z cluster challenge. The Local Void challenge. The missing satellites challenge. The satellites phase-space correlation challenge. The cusp-core challenge. The angular momentum challenge. The pure disk challenge. The stability challenge. The missing baryons challenge(s) Failures

13 4 %ده &%ر# S ا 1F H+ )6> 4! &/ا 7 ;,%<; *(%ه +U%H )%ی l `%ن اوU (+,[J! از 4 %ده &%ر# S 4! &/ا 7 ;,%<; 1lم )%ی 1JRده ز#%د ذرا&!,@(%دی =+ )@/ز در #1N7+ ذرات,@(%دی J4 %);ه J7 ;ه ا 7 ;

14 *(%ه +U%H )%ی l `%ن اوU (+ *(%ه 1lم %,!#%( +U%H 4 %ه زB)4 ;@H %& ده =( 1F/mم, 4 %ه )1 ا 7%67! ا# B *(%ه +U%H )% را +7/TH 4! &/ان J4 %);ه = 1 د

15 )% +U%H ی *(%ه J4 %);ه ا 1F در ی!JC> l %ی,%<@;, * 2 %ره )%ی \e ز 4 (@+ را +, 1P%V 1FاJ7!!*;d 1))n&!4 د)@; d?/ر آ 7 `% از V /ر<(; od%, 7 /*%ن V%]! از V /ر<(; V /ا); <;. ا# B 7%*/7 %ت J4 %);ه p,%l )26@; Ref: arxiv.org/abs/ : Transient Solar Oscillations Driven By Primordial Black Holes d?/ر آ 7 `% از زB)4 زUGU + ای ا# c %د 4! =@; =+ در & C %م Detectable seismic consequences of the interaction of a primordial black hole with Earth, arxiv: v1 زB)4 4! &/ا ا 6Y %س </7;

16 اوU (+ l `%ن )%ی +U%H *(%ه p)6r ا 1F ا#@`% از +2]&!T@* %# %`7%26(/= رد ;7/> +2]& %`T@* را */راخ!4.;@@= 1iL */راخ, 1 ای S# *(%ه +U%H ی +, ۱۰ &/ان <6),!41F/m)= از <6),!27%* FرG, V /ا);,/د

17 !&%3U%i4 += ;#%, اc7 %م </د ا 1F #S *(%ه +U%H از &[2+ رد </د دK)L % KH ;ر &[2+ *@_ را */راخ 4! =@; ا 1F #S *(%ه +U%H =1 #% *(%ه +U%H ی,%ردار از زB)4 #% V /ر<(; رد </د,(@( E 4!!U%@T)* H+ ا 1F #S *(%ه +U%H,%ردار از G7 د#"(`%ی زB)4 رد </د %4 H+ 4 (;ان!6)P%@n4 ای را روی زB)4 E)(ا/V دد#;

18 ر)(% R > +U%64 +, ;7/4 7%L /ن دوم 7(/&B 4! &/ا 7 ; در*> 7?%<;. در < 2 %,`%ی B)#%\ F=ma در*>.<6)7 +"m, F = mf( a a 0 )a f(x) = 1, x 1 x, x apple 1 a 0 =(1.0 ± 0.2) m s 2

19 \%#(B در < 2 %,`%ی دوم 7(/&B 7%L /ن &6> A. Abramovici and Z. Vager, Phys. Rev. D 34 (1986) m/s 2 J. H. Gundlach, S. Schlamminger, C. D. Spitzer, K. Y. Choi, B. A. Woodahl, J. J. Coy and E. Fischbach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (2007) m/s 2

20 7/4;, 1 ای آزI#%4 \( زV-B)4 /ر<(; S# b=14 E26)* ا*>. B)C( +7/F =+ زB)4 دور V /د 4! ;V1H و V /ر<(; را P /اف 4! =p ز 7%4 `%#! < 2 %ب در از روی زB)4 l%)%#! =@;, آ 7 `% =12C از < 2 %ب, 1vا 7! 4! </د A. Y..Ignatiev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (2007) [gr-qc/ ].

21 ا, 3 %د \@ 1cه 7/4 ;ی روی زB)4 Y ;ود ده *27%! 124 )6>. در ز 7%4!, 6 (%ر =12C از = 1wی از 4(m! 7(G 7%j(+ ا& y %ق 4! ا 2R %د. ا# B ا& y %ق )1 روز &" 1 ار 4! </د l%#!,+ l% ده,+ &/ان 4@y! H `%رده 124 را اKU % V /ا); = 1 د A. Y..Ignatiev, Phys. Rev. D 77, (2008) [arxiv: [gr-qc]].

22 ا* y2 %ده از #S ژ# 1 و*"/پ!4.;#1)T, 1N7 در را روی زB)4 V1H %ن i* S# &/ان IV1H <`l ا# B i* را +, +7/F ای B)#%& = 1 د += از ا# B pk264, i* روی ا# B SH/=!J], += i* 12C= I,%2>,<*%c= از, 1vا 7! ;Y </د V. A. De Lorenci, M. Faundez-Abans and J. P. Pereira, Astron. Astrophys. 503 (2009) L1 [arxiv: [gr-qc]]. ا, 3 %د \@ 1cه ی 7/4 ;ی, 1 ای #S ژ# 1 و*"/پ #S 124 ی از 14&?+ ی #S ];م 12C)m)4!4 </د. <6( SH/=!m)V

23 \( ;#%> 12`, 4 %)/اره )%#! =+ Y /ل زB)4,;@V1H 4! ا 1F 1)64 <%ن V /ب ا 27 [%ب </د آT7 %ه \@ 1cه ی 7/4 ;ی در آ 7 `% ا& y %ق V /ا); ا 2R %د )@/ز l%#!,(%ن J7 ;ه ا*> و \{و) I =m4%! اc7 %م J7 ;ه ا*>

24 ر)(% R > */4(B 7%L /ن 1FاI7 7(/&B در < 2 %,`%ی 1FاJ7! 7 (%ز \%#(B +, )v~& دارد

25 ا 24 (%ز و#{ه ی ر)(% R > 1FاI7 +2R%# E)C3& ا& v %د P?(3! 4 %ده ی &%ر# S و ا 17 ژی &%ر# S a 0 =(1.0 ± 0.2) m s 2 a 0 c 2p

26 1FاI7 #% 4-+2R ;ل E)C3& AQUAL r i µ( r a 0 )r i = 4 G 1, x 1 µ(x) = x, x apple 1 J. Bekenstein, M. Milgrom, Astrophysical J. 286, (1984) 7.

27 V/,! )%ی ا# B 4 ;ل 34 %دت درl + دو +T7 دا< 2 +!4 ;7/> %`@& 1) 1Fد 7 ;!4!iV Q"J4 ت y4`/4! ر)(% R > 7/4; را 7 ;ارد

28 4 ;لAQUAL my `%ی %`my را!4 &/ان 1, py ارا#+ داد µ( r a 0 )r =r N + r ~ h 0=r r =r ( r N + r ~ h µ( r a 0 ) )

29 & K %ر 7 `% و 2L! & K %ر 7 `%ی!m)V ز#%دی دار# E r h =0 و 2L! & K %ر 7! 7 ;ار# E H@; )1 اj?%&! وl /د 7 ;ارد ا %4 اN27 %ر 4! رود r h < r N

30 J4 %);ه ی AQUAL در!JC> ی ا*>. در b=14 E26)* S#!JC> ی درون ی!JC> 4 (;ان 1FاJ7! V /ر<(;, *(%رات, =`" J %ن )E د# 1T را =@@; 4!!w@V =+ 4 (;ان 1FاJ7! =p در ا# B 7 /اY!, 6 (%ر SH/= 4! </د.,+ ا# B 7 /اY! \@ 1cه ی 7/4 ;ی E)#/T,

31 B#12FرG, 1cه ی 7/4 ;ی V /ر<(;,(B l%#! و 12J4 ی 4 (;ان 1FاJ7! *(%رات و V /ر<(; و 12J4 ی و 14=G =`" J %ن )E د# 1T را!w@V 4! =@@;. در ا, 3 %دی Y 124/m)= در ;[ 124/m)= 4 (;ان,14 1FاJ7! 12C= p= از 4 (;ان 1FاJ7!, 1vا 7! V /ا); <;. در ا# B \@ 1cه ا 1v7 اف <;#; از 7%L /ن 1FاI7 J4 %);ه V /ا); <;.

32 ا* y2 %ده از 1cه 7/4 ;ی S# += از ا# B +)Y%7 رد!4 </د +, ]/رت دa)L!c@* <)3L/4 </د.!4%T@( +@)y* += وارد ای در 4/3L(> 7/4 ;ی 4! </د c@(%7 %ری Y%7(+ *@c! ی آن,%#; J4 %);ه = 1 د. \( از B#%2J@", در *%ل ۲۰۰۶

33 دوB)4 \( ا 7 ;ازه 1)Fی ی ا 1j \%ق-<( f در \@ 1cه ی 7/4 ;ی ا 1F, 2 /اE)7 *y(@+ ای,+ ا# B \@ 1cه E)2*1y, و در ا# B \@ 1cه I`T7 دار# E آT7 %ه دL > ا 14 وزی را,%#; ده, 1 ا, 1 12`, E)@= %&, 2 /اE)7 ;7/4 را رد E)@= <,%j %# E)@= arxiv: , Q. E.

34 <?v[ ا# B bml ارا#+ ی */4(B \(

35 1FاI7 در ا, 3 %د 1"#%4 و 124 1Rض =@(; در 4 (;ان 1FاJ7!!lر%V از 14&?+ 4 (;ان, 1vا 7! ا*>. در\@ 1cه ی 7/4 ;ی V /ر<(;- 4! ا 2R ; ا& y %ق ا# B 12J4 ی 1Rض =@(; اUQ2V! =+ در 4 (;ان 1FاJ7! ا# c %د 4! =@(; و آن را ا 7 ;ازه 4! F(#1; از 14&?+ ی #S د) E 4 (;ان!lر%V ا*> F(#1; را ا 7 ;ازه 4! =@(; در ا, 3 %دی =+ اQ2Vل 1Rض 4 (;ان 1FاJ7!!lر%V #"@/اV > و j%,> ا*>

36 I)\ X1R `%ی %, 4 (;ان 1FاJ7! اUQ2V! =+ 4 ;ل 1FاI7 #%2R+ E)C3& I)\ d?%رت ;@=!4!@),!4 </د از r = r N µ( r ext = a 0 ) r ext r N a 0 در 1Xب 7(/&B j%,> 4! </د

37 ا 7 ;ازه 1)Fی %, B&/)7 1j/4 <,%j 1FاI7 در ا, 3 %د 1")4 و 124 در آ* C %ن G eff = a 0 r ext G N ا 7 ;ازه 1)Fی <;ه در روی زB)4

38 +c)27 4 (;ان 1FاI7 در ا, 3 %د 1")4 و 124 در +ik7 ی 7/4 ;ی V /ر<(;- 12J4 ی اGRا# I!,%#%l %,.;,%#!4 ی b*%@4 2=%R /ر %,!2Y ده %& ;[

39 ا 1F آزTJ#%4 %)! SH/= در 4 (;ان 1FاJ7! د)( E 1Lار V /ر<(;- 12J4 ی آزTJ#%4 %ه را, 1 ای 4 ;ت 4@%*b آc7 % T7+ دار# E 4 (;ان 1FاJ7! از 14&?+ ی ده,+ &/ان 4@y! #%زده &% E#1)T, دوازده را ا 7 ;ازه 4@y! از ا# B داده )% j%,> 7(/&B را ا* 1]2 اج =@(E 1FاI7 +2R%# E)C3& را!4 &/ان %, دL > ده %& ;[ %CT)* رد = 1 د

40 %(!2]* Y;,+ داد 4! </د اc7 %م ی =+ در آن آزI#%4 1cه ;,%#!4 I(%= 124/m)= در ده 124/m)= 124 در ده ) Gار,%#; آزTJ#%4 %ه را,% 4 /&/ری در آن T7 %ه +ik7 دا<> 4 (;ان 1FاJ7! V /د آزTJ#%4 %ه در +ik7 ی =+ 4 (;ان 1FاJ7! را 4! E)c@*,%#;, 6 (%ر SH/= 1Fدد. &@ C)N %ت 7 (%ز دار# E f#1

41 %(!,/V, 1 ای #1N7+ )%ی ا, 3 %د اR%X!, Gرگ BR آ )%#! ]/رت +2R1F ا*> و 4 (;ان 1FاJ7! در ا, 3 %د 1")4 و 124 ا 7 ;ازه +2R1F <;ه ا*> B)C( R@`%,`(@+ </7; و در \@ 1cه ی 7/4 ;ی V /ر<(;- 12J4 ی اc7 %م </7;

42 * %س

43 !JC> ی L (;)%ی ا 27 [%,!, 1 ای &%,3! آزاد اc7 %م د)(; µ 2 (x) = µ 1 (x) = x 1+x p 1+4x 1 p 1+4x +1 µ 3 (x) = x p 1+x 2 µ 4 (x) = 6x 2 Z 2 6x 0 dz z e z 1 µ 5 (x) =x x3 1 x 4 1

44 David M. Weld, Jing Xia, Blas Cabrera, and Aharon Kapitulnik, New apparatus for detecting micronscale deviations from Newtonian gravity, Phys. Rev. D 77 (2008)

۲۷۹۶ 0 "' ی " #! ۴۳ و م د ; < : ی"98! ی"#"!

۲۷۹۶ 0 ' ی  #! ۴۳ و م د ; < : ی98! ی#! *+, " ان ی" ت/ ر ل. د& ر/ ی/ ر 3 ی" ی" ق: یb نi ی: ی: ی: ره 0 ی/? ی 3 ۲۷۹۶ +* - د' #"! 6 آ (۱)4, 3 2 ا. -, & + ک& ) & ( % $ # ی ا 6 آ 4, / ) $ 2 & ) ر د آ ر د $ 2 ر د : 9-8 د > E < D 2 ا C د: B? > = A

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**!!!"ﻛﺗ ﺎﻣ 'ﺧ)*!+ﻣﻠﺳﻣﻟ/ ءﺎﻣ1 **! 1+3ﻣ!ﻣ 45 6)+ﺻﻧﻟ/ 9ﺎ:ﻧﻠﻟ 4"ﻘ+" ﺎ+)"ﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ )ﻣﺂﺗ+ 9ﻟﺎﻌﻟ/

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