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Geraldine Fields
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1 Orders & Information:

2 1 Welcome to Best Grip USA Presenting the quick-mounting, durable carbide-tipped ice and snow traction stud. These patented studs can be anchored to an kind of new or used, normal or snow tire, endless track or hiking boot, with or without the help of pre-made holes or seats. Mounting is so eas that it can be done even b inexperienced persons, b hand or with a variable-speed power drill. The studs can be smoothl removed and remounted after use, too. A wide range of stud stles and sizes are available for ever situation and application. One can choose the number of studs to be inserted, and the pattern of insertion, and ma increase or decrease the number later on, adjusting grip in a customized wa. Ordering Information Best-grip studs are sold with the Best-grip stud installer tools. This tool fits into an electric drill or screwdriver handle. Installation tools are specific for each size stud. Tools are available for ordering separatel as well. Dealer information Best-grip studs are available at both retail and wholesale prices. If ou would like to become a dealer, please contact us for a dealer application, b to: dealer@aerodist.com. The studs are available in man sizes and can be used on: * Scooters * Enduros * Motorccles * Automobiles * ATVs * Snowmobiles * Mountain Bikes * Footwear Contact Information Mail: Best-Grip USA Phone: (218) S. 18th Ave. West info@aerodist.com Duluth, MN USA

2 Technical Characteristics of Studs on Tires Studs can be anchored to an tire (new or used - standard or snow tire) with or without the aid of pre-drilled placement holes.

When proper installation methods are followed, the safet and reliabilit of vehicle operation will be greatl enhanced, even in adverse operating conditions.

3 2 Technical Characteristics of Studs on Tires Studs can be anchored to an tire (new or used - standard or snow tire) with or without the aid of pre-drilled placement holes. Self-installation of studs is fast, safe and eas when using the proper tools and following the installation instructions. Professional installation is not required. When proper installation methods are followed, the safet and reliabilit of vehicle operation will be greatl enhanced, even in adverse operating conditions. The studs can easil removed when the are no longer desired for use, without causing harm to the tire and its usage. When desired, studs can be re-inserted into the pre-used holes. Prior to reinstallation, ensure that original placement holes are free of rocks, dirt and debris in order to avoid possible tire damage. The number of studs to use and the configuration of laout design can be personalized b the installer. Intended use and conditions will dictate weather to increase or decrease the number of studs installed. Usage conditions will also effect the stud configuration chosen for installation, in order to maximize the product efficienc.

4 3

5 4 Best Grip Studs: Installation and Use Tips for Motorccle and Scooter Applications Note: What follows is a general guide. With the vast number of uses, applications, and variables involved, it is not possible for us to provide reliable technical application information for each user and application, and it would be a disservice to tr. The general principles are similar for all stud applications (boots, biccles, snowmobile tracks, auto tires, etc,) Safet Warning: Wet pavement below freezing usuall is a mix of salt, liquid water and ice crstals (called slush ) which is much, much slipperier than above-freezing wet pavement. Studded tires do not increase tire grip on wet and slush pavement. Remember that when using the short studs for a street riding applications, the idea is to get where ou are going safel in mixed ice and dr pavement situations. Usuall studded tires are ridden cold. Between the cold tire rubber s lower-than-normal pavement grip, and the short studs themselves slightl reducing the tread rubber s pavement interlock, all traction, braking and cornering limits will be lower than the are in the summer and with non-studded tires. Successful installation and optimum performance of Best Grip studs depends on the individual rider s preferences, and on the specific application. One Hundred Fift studs per tire are sufficient for most street riding applications, but one can fit up to 250 (or more...) studs into a tire intended for off-road riding use onl. For mixed-surface street riding (dr pavement with occasional ic or snow areas) the basic idea is to install just enough studs so that whenever one is riding on dr pavement, the tire tread rubber continues to interlock with the surface of the road as it normall does, but on ic/snow places the carbide tip of each stud digs down into the frozen surface a bit. This means that on dr areas the hard surface of the road should slightl push the stud a bit deeper into the tire so the surrounding rubber tread interlocks normall with the surface granularit of the pavement. Safet Warning: Riding with onl the tips of steel or carbide studs on pavement, with no rubber in contact with the road surface, is ver skate and dangerous. There is ver little traction from onl stud-against-pavement. Do not set up tires for street use so the function this wa. For off-road riding, using a longer-stud is desirable. As man as three or four of the longer studs ma be fitted into each knob of an off-road tire, but most riders go with one-to-a-knob. The larger studs will add a noticeable amount of weight to each wheel when several hundred of them are involved. The stud installation pattern depends on the rider s needs, and the specific tire rubber tread pattern. See the illustration of the tire shown in the last image on the stud presentation on the website, but adjust specific installation for our own tire tread pattern. When riding on snow and ice 100% of the time, the tire s rubber tread is not a factor in providing grip. One can install up to 250 (or more...) of the longer studs for this tpe of riding. Again, this longer stle stud should not be used for paved surface riding. Individual studs can be removed at an time and ma be re-used later, or a studded tire can be removed with the studs left in place. A studded tire ma also be used until it wears out, but this is not recommended.

5 Choice of Stud Usage 1 - TYPE OF TIRE BESTGRIP Studs can be safel and effectivel installed an a wide arra of tires and tracks to enhance traction and performance.

6 5 Choice of Stud Usage 1 - TYPE OF TIRE BESTGRIP Studs can be safel and effectivel installed an a wide arra of tires and tracks to enhance traction and performance. However, it is not encouraged to install these traction devices into tires with ver soft rubber or tread, such as some competition rubbers or rain tires. Installation into overl soft rubber ma cause the studs to fall out too easil. Additionall, tire damage in the form of tearing or crumbling, ma result, adversel effecting the safe operation of such a tire. An tire that has had traction devices installed must also be checked at regular intervals. Over time and with use, studs ma become loose and need to be tightened to the proper installations specifications. This is especiall the case with studded tires used in wet or ice conditions. The wet and cold mix ma cause the studs to loosen at a faster rate than other applications. As with an safet device, this traction control product requires basic monitoring and maintenance to ensure it is used at maximum effectiveness. 2 - WHERE TO INSTALL The prominence and configuration of the stud is determined b the tire pattern and the field of intended use (competition, off-road, road, ice, etc). Install studs based upon the recommended installation instructions and the intended use. Do not leave more length than is necessar for usage requirements, protruding above the tire surface. The depth of installation ma var based upon the depth of the wedge or tread of the tire. In Auto, Quad (road) and Moto tires, 2mm of relief measure can be added (3mm in snow tires). Go-kart and Quad (off-road) tires tend to be thinner and must onl be installed based on the measurement of the wedge or tread depth. Prominance Tread Depth Penetration Tire Cross Section

6 To Maximize Performance The ideal situation for mounting studs is to install into the raised knob of the new tire tread.

It is also not recommended to remove studs from a factor pre-studded tire in order to substitute them with BESTGRIP studs.

Using guide holes to assist in the mounting is an option, however the following additional steps should be followed for this mounting alternative.

7 6 To Maximize Performance The ideal situation for mounting studs is to install into the raised knob of the new tire tread. It is not advisable to use this product on tires with ver soft rubber compound (like competition rain tires), as this softer tread mix has a tendenc to disintegrate. It is also not recommended to remove studs from a factor pre-studded tire in order to substitute them with BESTGRIP studs. Mounting into new (or untapped) tread knobs is the preferred installation method. Using guide holes to assist in the mounting is an option, however the following additional steps should be followed for this mounting alternative. Make holes the same depth as the stud to be installed and a diameter of 5mm. Fill the hole with glue, insert the stud and allow to dr for at least 48 hours at a minimum temperature of 60.8 degrees F (16 degrees C) or higher. ALWAYS test drive the tires with the newl mounted studs for several miles, at moderate speed. Inspect the installation after test riding and re-tighten if necessar. All studded tires should be checked regularl to ensure proper installation and maintenance. The regularit of such inspections will var depending upon frequenc and tpe of use. Sport usage should be monitored at least ever 18 miles (30 km). All BESTGRIP studs are gold or silver or plated using a special process. This plating is designed to improve the adherence of the stud to the rubber of the tire, or to an adhesive, if used. GLUES: BESTGRIP recommends two tpes of glues if this mounting method is used. One tpe of glue is transparent (which has high strength characteristics) and the other is black (with more elastic qualities). These glues are available from different manufacturers, see examples below. Transparent: Loctite 496, Loxeal 14, Cberbond 1070/1008 Black: Loctite 480, Loxeal 29, Cberbond 22434

7 DIMENSIONS = Outer diameter and overall length PROMINENCE = Installed height of carbide tip above tread surface NAIL PENETRATION INTO

tip QUANTITY = Minimum order quantit ARTICLE 1000 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 5.9 x 8.2 mm PROMINENCE 2.

7mm ROAD WITH SCOOTER ARTICLE 1100 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 7.9x9.7 mm PROMINENCE 1.9 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 7.

ROAD ARTICLE 1200 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER,LENGTH) 8.7 x 12.4 mm PROMINENCE 1.9 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 10.

8 7 DIMENSIONS = Outer diameter and overall length PROMINENCE = Installed height of carbide tip above tread surface NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE = depth of installed screw into tread MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH = Minimum depth of tread lugs STING DIMENSIONS = Diameter of carbide tip QUANTITY = Minimum order quantit ARTICLE 1000 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 5.9 x 8.2 mm PROMINENCE 2.2mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 6 mm MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH 4.8 mm STING DIMENSIONS 1.7mm ROAD WITH SCOOTER ARTICLE 1100 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 7.9x9.7 mm PROMINENCE 1.9 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 7.8 mm MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH 4.8 mm SCOOTER MINIMUM TREAD 6 mm STING DIMENSIONS 1.7mm QUANTITY : 100 pcs + 1 tool. ROAD ARTICLE 1200 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER,LENGTH) 8.7 x 12.4 mm PROMINENCE 1.9 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 10.5 mm MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH 7.5 mm STING DIMENSIONS 2.2 mm ROAD ARTICLE 1300 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER,LENGTH) 8.8 x 15.2 mm PROMINENCE 3.2mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 12 mm MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH 9 mm STING DIMENSIONS 2.6 mm ROAD Optimized use Do not use Approved for use

carbide tip QUANTITY = Minimum order quantit ARTICLE 1400 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 9 x 16.2 mm PROMINENCE 2.

6 mm 8 ROAD ARTICLE 1500 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 9 x 17.5 mm PROMINENCE 4 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 13.

8 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 14 mm MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH 11 mm SNOWMOBILE TRACKS 14 mm STING DIMENSIONS 2.

9 DIMENSIONS = Outer diameter and overall length PROMINENCE = Installed height of carbide tip above tread surface NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE = depth of installed screw into tread MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH = Minimum depth of tread lugs STING DIMENSIONS = Diameter of carbide tip QUANTITY = Minimum order quantit ARTICLE 1400 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 9 x 16.2 mm PROMINENCE 2.7 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 13.5 mm MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH 10.5 mm STING DIMENSIONS 2.6 mm 8 ROAD ARTICLE 1500 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 9 x 17.5 mm PROMINENCE 4 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 13.5 mm MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH 10.5 mm STING DIMENSIONS 2.6 mm ROAD ARTICLE 1600 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 7.7 x 17.8 mm PROMINENCE 3.8 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 14 mm MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH 11 mm SNOWMOBILE TRACKS 14 mm STING DIMENSIONS 2.5mm SNOWMOBILE TRACKS ARTICLE BLACK PLATED DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 8.8 x 21 mm PROMINENCE 7.5 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 13.5mm MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH 10.5 mm STING DIMENSIONS 2.2 mm ROAD Optimized use Do not use Approved for use

DIMENSIONS = Diameter of carbide tip QUANTITY = Minimum order quantit ARTICLE 1750 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 7.7x21.

2mm ROAD ARTICLE 1800 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 9 x 23.5 mm PROMINENCE 7 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 16.

5 mm PROMINENCE 8 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 16.5mm MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH 13.5 mm STING DIMENSIONS 2.

10 9 DIMENSIONS = Outer diameter and overall length PROMINENCE = Installed height of carbide tip above tread surface NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE = depth of installed screw into tread MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH = Minimum depth of tread lugs STING DIMENSIONS = Diameter of carbide tip QUANTITY = Minimum order quantit ARTICLE 1750 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 7.7x21.5 mm PROMINENCE 7.5 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 14 mm MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH 11 mm STING DIMENSIONS 2.2mm ROAD ARTICLE 1800 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 9 x 23.5 mm PROMINENCE 7 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 16.5mm MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH 13.5 mm STING DIMENSIONS 2.6 mm ROAD ARTICLE 1800C - BLACK PLATED DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 9x24.5 mm PROMINENCE 8 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 16.5mm MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH 13.5 mm STING DIMENSIONS 2.6 mm ROAD ARTICLE 1900 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 9 x 20.5 mm PROMINENCE 4 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 16.5 mm MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH 13.5 mm STING DIMENSIONS 2.6mm ROAD Optimized use Do not use Approved for use

10 DIMENSIONS = Outer diameter and overall length PROMINENCE = Installed height of carbide tip above tread surface NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE = depth of installed screw into

LENGTH) 9 x 20 mm PROMINENCE 6.5-4.5 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE 13.5-15.5 mm MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH 10.5-12.5 mm STING DIMENSIONS 2.

2 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE SOLE 1 : 10.5 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE SOLE 2 : 7.8 mm STING DIMENSIONS 1.

2 mm PROMINENCE 1 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE SOLE 12.2 mm STING DIMENSIONS 2.

11 10 DIMENSIONS = Outer diameter and overall length PROMINENCE = Installed height of carbide tip above tread surface NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE = depth of installed screw into tread MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH = Minimum depth of tread lugs STING DIMENSIONS = Diameter of carbide tip QUANTITY = Minimum order quantit ARTICLE 1900R - BLACK PLATED DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 9 x 20 mm PROMINENCE mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE TIRE mm MINIMUM TREAD DEPTH mm STING DIMENSIONS 2.6 mm ROAD ARTICLE 3000 DIMENSIONS 1 (DIAMETER, LENGTH) : 8.5x15 mm DIMENSIONS 2 (DIAMETER, LENGTH) : 7.9x12 mm PROMINENCE 1 : 4.5mm PROMINENCE 2 : 4.2 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE SOLE 1 : 10.5 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE SOLE 2 : 7.8 mm STING DIMENSIONS 1.7mm Anti-slip for sports and leisure - universal tpe (Footwear) ARTICLE 3100: Refill Kit (10 Studs) ARTICLE 3300 DIMENSIONS (DIAMETER, LENGTH) 8.6 x 12.2 mm PROMINENCE 1 mm NAIL PENETRATION INTO THE SOLE 12.2 mm STING DIMENSIONS 2.6mm Application for Supermotard Boots ARTICLE 3400: Refill Kit (10 Studs) KEY GRAFT - ARTICLE DESCRIPTION : Magnetic ke for clutching with two hooks and hexagonal connection for machine or manual screwing + instruction Example: Stud ARTICLE 1200 use KEY 4200 KEY GRAFT - ARTICLE 3200 & 3500 DESCRIPTION : Magnetic ke with fixed manual handle for clutching with two hooks ARTICLE 3200 for FOOTWEAR ARTICLE 3500 for SUPERMOTARD Optimized use Do not use Approved for use

13 Attaching the Stud Position the head of the stud in the center of the Ke tool.

Push straight down and start to rotate slowl while pushing.

Stop and repeat instructions on remaining studs to be installed.

powered source). IMPORTANT: Do not continue to screw once Ke head touches tire surface.

14 13 Attaching the Stud Position the head of the stud in the center of the Ke tool. Place the screw tip of the stud on the desired tire installation location. Push straight down and start to rotate slowl while pushing. Continue to slowl screw in the stud until the head of the ke touches the surface of the tire. Stop and repeat instructions on remaining studs to be installed. Use caution not to overtighten and be sure to insert into tire using slow rotation of ke tool (weather using manual or powered source). IMPORTANT: Do not continue to screw once Ke head touches tire surface. Over-rotation ma cause tears or lacerations in the rubber. If damage occurs from over tightening, the stud ma not be positioned correctl. Incorrect positioning will cause in improper flex and ma result in stud falling out during use. For proper installations, be sure to follow these two simple instructions: 1 - Rotate ver slowl for best results. 2 - Push straight down until the ke head touches tire.

14 Anti-Slip Footwear There are man situations when one is faced with walking,

Weather moving about in mud, snow, ice or a mixture of slipper conditions,

15 14 Anti-Slip Footwear There are man situations when one is faced with walking, working, running or racing in slipper conditions. Weather moving about in mud, snow, ice or a mixture of slipper conditions, current footwear does not adequatel resolve traction needs in the most slipper of circumstances. If ou work, recreate or travel b foot in less than ideal traction conditions, the clawed Gripper is the perfect solution. Eas to install into the rubber sole of an footwear, guaranteeing greater safet and traction in all environments. Gripper studs can easil be removed when the are not required, and reinserted when needed again. Customize the installation of studs b appling more or fewer, depending upon the amount of traction ou are seeking. Walk, work, hike, climb and run with confidence in an slipper situation b appling Gripper studs to our footwear. Universal Gripper Kits for shoes and boots include studs for sole and heel, installation tool and nlon storage pouch.

15 Use of Studs for Supermotard Boots The use of BESTGRIP studs on Supermotard Boots is not to provide traction in slipper environments, but quite to the contrar.

during cornering. There is enough protection provided b the stud to prolong the life of the sole of the boot, but not so much as to cause damage to the asphalt.

The number of studs used and the placement of the studs on the sole will var depending upon usage preference and riding stle.

Recommended Installation: Two studs on the heel, position near the edges. Three studs on the sole, positioned in an equidistant manner.

16 15 Use of Studs for Supermotard Boots The use of BESTGRIP studs on Supermotard Boots is not to provide traction in slipper environments, but quite to the contrar. The studs do provide a better adherence of the boot to the asphalt, but also provide protection to the sole of the boot from the friction of sliding on the ground during cornering. There is enough protection provided b the stud to prolong the life of the sole of the boot, but not so much as to cause damage to the asphalt. Recommended Use: Enter into the turn with the boot in the proper position to slide upon the studs inserted into the sole. The number of studs used and the placement of the studs on the sole will var depending upon usage preference and riding stle. Experiment to customize the installation to find a good compromise between boot protection and slide friction. Recommended Installation: Two studs on the heel, position near the edges. Three studs on the sole, positioned in an equidistant manner. The studs must be inserted into the thread of the sole. A Gripper Kit for Supermotard includes: 10 studs, installation tool, nlon carring case. BESTGRIP studs inserted on this riders boots would have saved them entering earl retirement. Protect ourself, our equipment and our pocketbook b installing BESTGRIP studs.

16 Installation for Footwear Position the head of the stud in the center of the furnished ke tool.

Continue to slowl screw in the stud until the head of the ke touches the surface of the sole. Stop and repeat instructions on remaining studs to be installed.

IMPORTANT: Do not continue to screw once ke head touches sole surface. Over-rotation ma cause tears or lacerations in the rubber/ sole material.

17 16 Installation for Footwear Position the head of the stud in the center of the furnished ke tool. Place the screw tip of the stud on the desired installation location. Push straight down and start to rotate slowl while pushing. Continue to slowl screw in the stud until the head of the ke touches the surface of the sole. Stop and repeat instructions on remaining studs to be installed. Use caution not to overtighten and be sure to insert into sole using slow rotation of ke tool. IMPORTANT: Do not continue to screw once ke head touches sole surface. Over-rotation ma cause tears or lacerations in the rubber/ sole material. If damage occurs from over tightening, the stud ma be positioned incorrectl. Incorrect positioning will cause an improper flex and ma result in stud falling out during use. For proper installations, be sure to follow these two simple instructions: 1 - Rotate ver slowl for best results. 2 - Push straight down until the ke head touches sole.

18 17 Traction for All Occasions If ou need extra traction for work, pla or everda...bestgrip studs have a solution. Autos, Motorccles, Scooters, Quads, Snowmobiles, Mountain Bikes, Tractors, Go-kart, Footwear...

19 18 Stud Comparison Chart Sku# Application(s) Road Off Road Competition Tire Tpe 1000 Mountain Bike min. 7x7mm (width) x 4mm (thick) Scooter min. 7x7mm (width) x 4mm (thick) 1100 Scooter Reinforced Automobile Road 1200 ATV Reinforced Automobile Reinforced, laminated or snow Automobile (Stock Car Off Road) Reinforced, laminated or snow Enduro Motorccle (front) Motocross or Enduro Std Motorccle Reinforced 1300 ATV Reinforced Go-Kart Reinforced Automobile Reinforced onl Automobile (Stock Car Off Road) Reinforced, laminated or snow Supermotard Motorccle (front) Enduro Motorccle Slik Motocross or Enduro Std Motorccle (Reinforced onl) Reinforced 1400 ATV Reinforced Automobile (Stock Car Off Road) Reinforced, laminated or snow Enduro Motorccle Motocross or Enduro Std Motorccle Reinforced 1500 ATV Reinforced Automobile (Stock Car Comp.) Reinforced Supermotard Motorccle (rear) Slick Enduro Motorccle Motocross or Enduro 1600 Snowmobile Crawler tracks onl 1700 Automobile (Stock Car Comp.) Reinforced Enduro Motorccle (front) Motocross Enduro Motorccle Motocross or Enduro 1750 Automobile (Stock Car Comp.) Reinforced 1800 Automobile (Stock Car Comp.) Reinforced Enduro Motorccle (rear) Motocross Enduro Motorccle Motocross or Enduro 1800c Automobile (Stock Car Comp.) Reinforced 1900 Automobile (Stock Car Comp.) Reinforced Tractors Enduro Motorccle Motocross or Enduro 3000 Std Footwear 3100 Recharge Kit Std Footwear 3300 Supermotard Boot

20 Best-Grip USA 8 S. 18th Ave. West Duluth, MN USA Phone: (218) info@aerodist.com

WHITE PAPER. Winter Tires

WHITE PAPER. Winter Tires WHITE PAPER Winter Tires WHITE PAPER Introduction According to the Federal Highway Administration accidents caused by winter weather result in 150,000 injuries and 2,000 deaths each year on average. In