UNIT 11 (natural Disasters and their Economic/Social Impact)

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1 Name: Date: UNIT 11 (natural Disasters and their Economic/Social Impact) VOCAB Earthquake Earthquakes are a natural disaster that are caused by tectonic plates. Earthquakes happen each day in many places. You just can't feel earthquakes unless they are of a higher magnitude. The Richter Scale is the earthquake measuring scale. It assigns a magnitude number to quantify the earthquake energy. It is a base 10 logarithmic scale that was made in the 1930's by Richter and Gutenberg. The moment magnitude scale is the current scale the USGS currently uses. A seismograph measures an earthquake. ESPN Do earthquakes happen a lot? Why do we not feel most earthquakes? What is the Richter scale? What is a seismograph?

2 Flood Floods are also considered natural disasters. There are 2 main types of floods. Floods that are inside houses/buildings (such as water pipe breaks) and floods that are in low lying areas or near dams/levies which break. Floods can cause massive amount of damages and usually if property is wet enough for a period of time and not dried properly, mold can grow and everything must be replaced completely. You have to carefully read you insurance policy since natural disasters are often not covered (unless added on to the basic policy). If you pick a house in a low lying area that is anywhere near a river, lake, stream, pond, or oceans, the chances of you having a flood go up dramatically. You water house on your washer tends to cause the most floods in houses since the hose is under a great deal of pressure and should be replaced every 3 years. Pipes also burst in the winter so if there is every a freeze alert, you must leave your water dripping and turn up your heat so that your pipes won't freeze...open your cabinet doors so that the heated air can keep the pipes more warm. Tsunami A tsunami is considered a natural disaster. There are Tsunami alert centers that monitor tsunamis in hopes to gives some people a bit of warning since tsunamis can cause massive deaths if large enough. What are the 2 main types of floods. Even after the water goes down, you have to worry about what? Are floods covered by most insurance? What are 2 ways you can makes sure you don't have (in-door floods)? What is a tsunami? What is 3 things that can cause a tsumai? Tsunami can be caused by various things like underwater eruptions, underwater earthquakes, and meteor strikes. Tsunamis that are extremely large tend to be caused when a meteor hits into the ocean which causes a shock wave of energy to be cascaded out.

3 Fire Fire is considered a natural disaster. Fires can be directly set by man (arsonists) or originate from electronic devices or even start due to heat/friction of items. Lightening can also cause fires and is usually the most common cause of forest fires in many places. Humans sometimes even set fires intentionally to create like a backfire to use up all the oxygen in an area so that the original fire gets starved of oxygen to stop it earlier. Fires can be extremely dangerous since they move very fast along the prairie (grasslands). They can also be extremely dangerous when they have a great deal of fuel (like in the forests). Some fire teams (among the Job Corp) try to stop fires from happening by clearing out brush so that fires won't have as much fuel to get started or extra fuel to burn...if it happens that they do start. Fire blankets are what most firemen carry as they fight fire since they can cover themselves with the blanket which is flame retardant (can stand very high temperatures) and not catch on fire. If fires stay in the area for very long though, even a fire blanket won't help them since the air heats up a great deal in a fire (like a oven). What are the people that directly set fires called? Other than humans starting the fire, what are 2 more ways that fires can start? When can fires be extremely dangerous? What are fire blankets? Fire extinguishers can come in different types. It is EXTREMELY important that you don't through water on a grease fire, since it only causes it to spread. If you were out hiking, you might want to carry what with you (in case of a fire)? Don't throw what on a grease fire?

4 Hurricane A hurricane is a natural disaster that tends to happen along beach areas. Hurricanes also go inland a bit so if you are 100 miles near a beach, you will be greatly affected by them as well. Hurricanes bring very strong winds and also extreme flooding with them wherever they go. The latitude of the place determines the possibility of a hurricane since most hurricanes originate near the equator though they can rotate off and go far up a coast though they usually lose steam the farther they go from the equator. Where hurricanes affect the most? What do hurricanes bring with them? What determines the possibilities of a hurricane? Tornado What do most tornadoes happen at? A tornado )or twister) is a natural disaster that tends to involve the grasslands. Tornado alley stretches from the Amarillo area (Texas panhandle) all the way up to Kansas. Some of the people in the Panhandle of Texas, tend to have storm shelters (underground bunkers that they can go into...during tornadoes). Volcanic Eruptions Volcanic Eruptions happen quite frequently too. There are many underwater volcanoes that are spewing lava out every day under the water. If enough volcanic material comes If volcanic eruptions happen frequently, why don't we see them?

5 out, islands like Hawaii are formed. Volcanic eruptions that are big enough (like Pompeii) can take out whole areas. Usually the gases from the volcano tend to injure more people than the actual lava. What is a name of a big Volcanic eruption that has happened? Sinkhole A sinkhole is considered a natural disaster. Sinkholes can be caused by many things. Some houses built on lakes tend to have sinkholes since the ground seems to be more wet in areas and tends to sink in. Sinkholes are also caused by underground pipes bursting and wetting parts of the ground. What are 2 things that sinkholes are caused by? Sinkholes are also caused by drilling into an area since it disrupts the natural balance of the land. Other reasons sinkholes are caused by are unknown to man, they just happen. Hail Storms Hailstorms are considered a natural disaster. Hailstorms happen frequently each year though the hail size might not be very large. Hail storms that make golf ball size hail can easily bust out car windows and severely injure people if struck on the head. Smaller hail size can still greatly damage your property (car dents) if your car is not parked in a garage. Property damage can also occur since hail can damage roofs of houses. Smaller hail size can still affect your wallet when they do affect what 2 things?

6 Solar Flare What are solar flares? Solar flares are energy that is released off of the sun. Solar flares tend to happen a lot too but most are not big enough to affect the electronic equipment on earth. Solar flares (X class) are some of the more dangerous solar flares that can wipe out electronic equipment, which we heavily rely upon today. Tesla coils are built by some to protect equipment that can be baked because of solar flares. The grid (the electrical grid) of the US can be more protected by solar flares but it costs money and is not an investment that has been accomplished yet. Blizzard A blizzard is a natural disaster that caused severe snow. Blizzards happen every year in Northern states. Blizzards can literally dump many feet of snow and white out roads and even bury houses. If you decide to live up North, you must keep a shovel in your house since you may open the door one day and only see white snow, and have to dig yourselves out. Blizzards can be very problematic since if they cover for animals too. Cattle can easily be very injured in blizzards and become lost. The extreme cold temperatures can both hurt animal and humans. Frostbite tends to cause gangrene so hands and feet need to be properly wrapped up so that heath problems can be avoided. What are some of the worst solar flares? What should you keep in your house if you live up North? How can blizzards be hard for people with livestock? If you are ever in a blizzard, what 2 parts of your body can be affected the most (and need to be wrapped the most)? Drought Droughts are also natural disasters. A drought is a long extended period of time with no rain. States can be under drought conditions for many years. If a state is under drought conditions, they tend to restrict What water restrictions might be in place under drought restrictions?

7 water usage. You might only be able to water your lawn or wash your cars on certain days. If your state is under drought conditions and has mandatory water usage laws, you can be heavily fined for using water... the wrong way...on the wrong day. Meteor A meteor is also considered a natural disaster. Meteor strikes often happen, but the meteors are very small. Meteors that are kilometers across are the more problematic ones. The larger the meteor, the more likelihood that it will cause a massive tsunami. Since 70% percent of the population tends to live near the ocean, a tsunami large enough could literally wipe out most of the human population on Earth. When are the meteors problematic? Why should you look for a meteor? You can find some meteors with a metal detector. Meteors can be sold for LOTS of money, so go hunting. Epidemic Epidemics are usually...? Epidemic are considered natural disasters for the most part. Epidemics are large scale sickness. Epidemics are usually viral related which means they are caused by viruses. Usually in winter, they talk about the flue epidemic the most. Epidemics can be prevented. If you go to the store and people cough around you, pleas hold your breath until you are far enough away from them. Washing your hands also prevents many viruses from taking entry into your body so be diligent about washing your hands. Eating good food can build up your immune system to fight off viruses (if you do get infected) so please work on building your immune system up. When walking in a store and someone coughs, you should do what? What are some of the things to help you when fighting an infection.

8 Vitamin C also helps build up your immune system. Most animals manufacture vitamin C in their bodies, humans though, have to get their vitamin C from supplements. What does not help with viruses? Usually in epidemics, you see a lot of people wearing masks and people tend to stay home more often (and not go out so much). Antibiotics do not help against viruses. State of the unit ( Michigan ) Michigan has 2 what? Michigan has 2 peninsulas (upper and lower). It is the only state that has that. The lower part of the state...kind of looks like a mitten. The Great Lakes are in the Michigan area. What is in the Michigan area? Blizzards often happen in the Michigan area. The Michigan area was part of the Northwest Territory. In the 1800's, it was called the Michigan Territory and then later it became the state of Michigan (1837). What is common in Michigan? It was the center of the US automotive manufacturing though that has pretty much collapsed so the job opposites for Michigan are severely limited now. It is still a popular tourist destination though, because of the Great Lakes. What was Michigan famous for? Why is Michigan a popular tourist area?

9 Country of the unit ( France ) Draw the outline of France Draw and color the flag of France (blue, white, then red) France goes from the Mediterranean Sea to the English channel. France goes from?

10 Over the years of history, France has been one of the major players in power. You will hear about France in your World History class next year. You will read about Napoleon. You will hear about the French Revolution and the Hundreds year War. Name 5 things you will hear more of about France next year? You will also hear next year about Frances role in World War II. You will also learn the Celtic people occupied the French area in the Iron Age. Draw the Eiffel tower Do you want to visit France?

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