Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas Universidad Mayor de San Andrés La Paz, Bolivia

Transcription

1 Marcos F. Andrade F. 1, F. Zaratti 1, R. Forno 1, R. Gutierrez 1, I. Moreno 1, F. Velarde 1, F. Avila 1,P. Laj 2, P. Ginot 2, J.L. Jaffrezo 2, A. Wiedensohler 3, K. Weinhold 3, R. Krejci 4, D. N. Whiteman 5, D. Ramirez 5, M. Ramonet 6, V.Kazan 6, O.Laurent 6,P. Bonasoni 7,8, F. Calzolari 7, E. Vuillermoz 8, P. Cristofanelli 7,8, K. Sellegri 9, C. Rose 9 Conferencia Regional Andina: Confrontando los Impactos de Quemas Agrícolas, Lima, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l Environnement, CNRS-UJF, Grenoble, France 3 Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Germany 4 Stockholm University, Sweden 5 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USA 6 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Unité Mixte de Recherche (CEA- CNRS-UVSQ), Gif-sur-Yvette, France 7 Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, CNR, Bologna, Italy 8 EvK2CNR Committee, Bergamo, Italy 9 Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique,CNRS-UBP, Clermont-Ferrand, France 1 Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas Universidad Mayor de San Andrés La Paz, Bolivia

2 The Chacaltaya GAW Station: Bolivia Lowlands Highlands Highlands Lowlands

3 A closer look to the region around the station Location, location, location ~200 km

4 Chacaltaya and the metropolitan area 5240 masl ~22 km (1.8 km alt) 4090 masl 3420 masl

5 Why black Carbon (BC)? Black carbon has an important role as a climate forcing agent. It absorbs more solar light per unit mass than any atmospheric aerosol material. Recent studies (Lau et al., 2010) suggest that at least part of the observed warming in the Himalayas could be due to aerosols transported from sources located far from the region.

6 Why black Carbon (BC)? Absorbing aerosols contribute to changes in optical properties of snow and ice by changing their albedo. Infuence of 1 gram of black carbon distributed over a square meter of snow (Niwot Ridge, CO)

7 A little bit of meteorology LLJ (Garreaud, 2009)

8 Winds at 500 mb (from CFSR) Summer

9 Winds at 850 mb (from CFSR) Winter

10 Winds at 500 mb (from CFSR) Summer Winter Summer Specific humidity Winter Winds at Chacaltaya

11 Backtrajectories High resolution WRF model (3 km) (with the help of Thomas Reichler, Univ. of Utah) (in collaboration with Ariel Stein, NOAA) Ensemble for calculating BT Climatology

12 Conditions for transport of humidity (and smoke) to the Andean region Large-scale subsidence Large-scale subsidence (Falvey & Garreaud, 2005) (Garreaud et al., 2003)

13 Precipitation Wet Dry Dry BB Wet

14 Transport of smoke to the Andes August 19, 2010 From MODIS on-board of Terra

15 Smoke transported above Andean mountains Low- lands Ti=kaka Chacaltaya La Paz

16 CIMEL observations at La Paz and Chacaltaya La Paz Chacaltaya

17 10 de Sept Imagen tomada por MODIS (NASA)

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19 San Javier

20 10 de Sept., 2010 No solo de día

21 Long-term records from CIMEL AOD 500 nm (daily averages) These years biomass- burning events were more intense in all the sta=ons The frequency and intensity of these events depends on every season, being par=cularly strong in 2005, 2007 and 2010.

22 OMI (10 Sep)

23 GAW/CHC Chacaltaya Station (5240 masl) CO Aethalometer MAAP, SMPS y CO2 NAIS & Ozono Summit (5380 masl) Nephelometer Data acquisition

24 September Focos de calor en la región

25 Focos de calor y medidas de carbón negro Black Carbon

26 Biomass burning detectable in particulate matter High Volume Sampler, ca. 30 m 3.h 5380 masl - Regional imprint BB season: - Bolivia: June to September - Brazil: June to November (depending on the region) Data for Manaus from Barbosa, 2014 (doctoral thesis) Data for Rondonia from Kundu et al. 2010, JAS

27 Conclusions There is strong evidence of seasonal transport of smoke to the Central Andes The main source seems to be related to biomass burning at the Amazon region Meteorological conditions are important for the smoke to be transported to the Andes (not totally understood, especially on short time scales, at the moment) Clear (although not discussed here) contribution of soot produced by nearby metropolitan area to measurements at Chacaltaya

28 Future steps and questions Although climatological meteorological conditions necessary for smoke transport, are understood, a more detailed analysis for short time scales is necessary in order to explain the data measured at Chacaltaya A better understanding of the planetary boundary layer is needed How much of this particulate matter goes into the free troposphere? Does smoke transported to the Andes play a role on the glacier retreat?

29 Paolo Laj, Jean-Luc Jafrezzo, Manuel Barret, Marco Zanatta Alfred Wiedensohler, Kay Weinhold, Wolfram Birmili Paolo Bonasoni, Paolo Cristofanelli, Elisa Vuillermoz, Francescopiero Calzolari Karine Sellegri, Clemence Rose Radovan Krejci, Modris Matisans Michel Ramonet, Victor Kazan, Olivier Laurent, Francoise Vimeux, Olivier Catani, Guillaume Tremoy David Whiteman Patrick Ginot Marcos Andrade, Ricardo Forno, Francesco Zaratti, René Gutierrez, Isabel Moreno, Fernando Velarde. Fabricio Avila, Manuel Roca, María Fernanda Sanchez, Juan Calle and many students Photo credit: M.Roca