Clouds and Atmospheric convection
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1 Clouds and Atmospheric convection Caroline Muller E406 L3 ENS
2 A Year of Weather 2013 This visualisation, comprised of imagery from the geostationary satellites of EUMETSAT, NOAA and the JMA, shows an entire year of weather across the globe during 2013, with audio commentary from Mark Higgins, Training Officer at EUMETSAT. The satellite data layer is superimposed over NASA's 'Blue Marble Next Generation' ground maps, which change with the seasons.
3 Remarque : Pourquoi cyclone = sens inverse des aiguilles d une montre dans l hemisphere nord VERSUS sens des aiguilles d une montre dans l hemisphere sud?
4 Remarque : Pourquoi cyclone = sens inverse des aiguilles d une montre dans l hemisphere nord VERSUS sens des aiguilles d une montre dans l hemisphere sud?
5 6.2_micron_wv_ meteosat atmospheric water vapor (white=humid)
6 courant-jet polaire NASA
7 Clouds and Atmospheric convection
8 Clouds and Atmospheric convection [Hughes 84]
9 Clouds and Atmospheric convection Courtesy Bjorn Stevens
10 Clouds and Atmospheric convection
11 Sir Arthur Charles Clarke ( ) British science fiction writer, science writer and futurist, inventor, undersea explorer amd television series host. Most famous for co-writing the screenplay of «2001: A Space Odyssey» Clouds and Atmospheric convection
12 Clouds and Atmospheric convection
13 Clouds and climate An era of blooming cloud and climate science
14 Clouds : a Grand Challenge
15 Cloud types Cumulus: heap, pile Stratus: flatten out, cover with a layer Cirrus: lock of hair, tuft of horsehair Nimbus: precipitating cloud Combined to define 10 cloud types Altum: height
16 Cloud types Clouds are classified according to height of cloud base and appearance High clouds Base: 5 to 12km Middle clouds Base: 2 to 6km Low clouds Base < 2km
17 High Clouds Almost entirely ice crystals Cirrus Wispy, feathery Cirrostratus Widespread, sun/moon halo Cirrocumulus Layered clouds, cumuliform lumpiness
18 Middle Clouds Liquid water droplets, ice crystals, or a combination of the two, including supercooled droplets (i.e., liquid droplets whose temperatures are below freezing). Altocumulus Heap-like clouds with convective elements in mid levels May align in rows or streets of clouds Altostratus Flat and uniform type texture in mid levels
19 Low Clouds Liquid water droplets or even supercooled droplets, except during cold winter storms when ice crystals (and snow) comprise much of the clouds. The two main types include stratus, which develop horizontally, and cumulus, which develop vertically. Stratocumulus Hybrids of layered stratus and cellular cumulus Stratus Uniform and flat, producing a gray layer of cloud cover Nimbostratus Thick, dense stratus or stratocumulus clouds producing steady rain or snow
20 Cumulus (humili) Low Clouds Liquid water droplets or even supercooled droplets, except during cold winter storms when ice crystals (and snow) comprise much of the clouds. The two main types include stratus, which develop horizontally, and cumulus, which develop vertically. Scattered, with little vertical growth on an otherwise sunny day Also called "fair weather cumulus" Cumulonimbus Strong updrafts can develop in the cumulus cloud => mature, deep cumulonimbus cloud, i.e., a thunderstorm producing heavy rain. Cumulus (congestus) Significant vertical development (but not yet a thunderstorm)
21 High Clouds
22 High Clouds Cirrostratus Cirrus Cirrocumulus
23 Middle Clouds
24 Middle Clouds Altocumulus Altostratus
25 Low Clouds
26 Low Clouds Cumulonimbus Stratus Stratocumulus Cumulus Nimbostratus
27 Other spectacular Clouds Mammatus clouds (typically below anvil clouds) Shelf clouds (gust front) Lenticular clouds (over orography)
28 Other spectacular Clouds Courtesy: D.-D. Rousseau
29 Other spectacular Clouds
30 Water vapor from satellite Cloud types Larger-scale extratropical convection Small-scale tropical convection Deep convective system over Brazil
31 Coupled with circulation Extratropical low/high pressure systems Intertropical Convergence Zone 1. Tropics and subtropics : Hadley cell, ITCZ, Walker cell, El Nino, Monsoon, equatorial waves, Mesoscale Convective Systems, tropical cyclones 2. Extra tropics : Frontal systems, clouds embedded in cold and warm fronts
32 Clouds and Circulation: Hadley cell & ITCZ P (mm/day) climatology [Muller & O Gorman, 2011]
33 Clouds and Circulation: Hadley cell & ITCZ Total column water vapor (TCWV) and precipitation (mm/day) January (left) July (right) Small in Subtropics (descent) Large in Tropics (ascent) [Trenberth 2011]
34 Clouds and Circulation: Hadley cell & ITCZ Courtesy Gilles Bellon
35 Clouds and Circulation: Hadley cell & ITCZ Cloud types: equator subtropics (30 o ) Deep cumulonimbus Fair weather cumulus stratus
36 Clouds and Circulation: Walker cell
37 Clouds and Circulation: Walker cell (green=cloud cover) Courtesy Gilles Bellon
38 Clouds and Circulation: Walker cell & El Nino
39 Clouds and Circulation: Monsoon Asian monsoon West-African monsoon Courtesy Gilles Bellon
40 Clouds and Circulation: equatorial waves [Matsuno 66]
41 Clouds and Circulation: equatorial waves [Matsuno 66]
42 Clouds and Circulation: equatorial waves = Madden Julian Oscillation
43 Clouds and Circulation: equatorial waves
44 Clouds and Circulation: equatorial waves
45 Convective organization: mesoscale convective systems Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) Czech Republic Allemagne Austria Slovakia
46 Convective organization: tropical cyclones Tropical cyclones
47 Convective organization: tropical cyclones Transitions between organized structures
48 Convective organization: tropical cyclones Convective systems in an african easterly waves Hurricane Isabel off the coast of Africa
49 Coupled with circulation Extratropical low/high pressure systems Intertropical Convergence Zone 1. Tropics and subtropics : Hadley cell, ITCZ, Walker cell, El Nino, Monsoon, equatorial waves, Mesoscale Convective Systems, tropical cyclones 2. Extra tropics : Frontal systems, clouds embedded in cold and warm fronts
50 Extra tropics : Clouds in frontal systems
51 Extra tropics : Clouds in frontal systems
52 Clouds from space Clouds from space IR WV VIS Figure 16 : image satellite (canal infrarouge) correspondant à un front froid et un front chaud. Figure 17 : canal vapeur d eau. Figure 18 : canal visible. 265
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Weather Table of Contents Essential Questions... 1 Vocabulary... 2 Weather Symbols... 5 Bringing the Rain to Kapiti Plain... 7 Weather Instruments... 8 Weather Forecasting... 13 Essential Questions 1.
Due to the Coriolis effect, prevailing winds are: 0-30 N - trade winds (trade winds blow toward the equator) N N - (fig 14.
1 CD2 Factors that Influence the Earth s Climate Meteorology Meteorology is the study of the Earth's atmosphere and weather systems. The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surround the Earth which extends
Meteorology. I. The Atmosphere - the thin envelope of gas that surrounds the earth.
Meteorology I. The Atmosphere - the thin envelope of gas that surrounds the earth. A. Atmospheric Structure - the atmosphere is divided into five distinct layers that are based on their unique characteristics.
12/22/2018. Water and the Atmosphere. 8 th Grade. Lesson 1 (Water in the Atmosphere) Chapter 4: Weather. Lesson 2 (Clouds) Clouds
Lesson 1 (Water in the Atmosphere) Water cycle the continual movement of water among Earth s atmosphere, oceans, and land surface through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation Water and the Atmosphere
also known as barometric pressure; weight of the air above the surface of the earth; measured by a barometer air pressure, high
Weather Vocabulary Vocabulary Term Meaning/Definition air mass * large bodies of air that have the similar properties throughout such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure; causes most of the weather