Hydrologic Cycle. Science Concepts. Surface-Atmosphere Exchange of Water. Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Runoff.
|
|
- Rachel Nelson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Hydrologic Cycle 23-1 Surface-Atmosphere Exchange of Water Water Cycle Science Concepts Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Runoff
2 Hydrologic Cycle 23-2 Change in Annual Precipitation
3 Hydrologic Cycle 23-3 Modeled Environmental Water Scarcity Index Scarcity is where the amount of water removed from the system puts the ecosystem at risk by tapping into the environmental water demand, i.e., the amount of water needed to sustain the integrity of the ecosystem Areas above 0.4 are under ecosystem environmental stress Areas higher than 0.8 (orange and red) are highly-stressed environmentally
4 Hydrologic Cycle 23-4 The Water Cycle All streams flow into the sea, yet the sea is never full. To the place the streams come from, there they return again. Ecclesiastes 1:7 (New International Version)
5 Hydrologic Cycle 23-5 The Water Cycle m 3 per year
6 Hydrologic Cycle 23-6 GOES Water Vapor Image
7 Hydrologic Cycle 23-7 GOES Visible Image
8 Hydrologic Cycle 23-8 Mean Global Precipitable Water (cm) Annual Average
9 Hydrologic Cycle 23-9 Mean Global Precipitable Water (cm) (Con t) Seasonal variability S.W. Seemann, J. Li, W.P. Menzel Univ. Univ. Wisconsin, NOAA
10 Hydrologic Cycle Amazon Seasonal Variability Note seasonal rainfall variability Study/AmazonLAI/ Amazon and Tropical seasons revolve around wet/dry not hot/cold
11 Hydrologic Cycle Honolulu WSO Airport Ave. Max. Temp. = 84.0 F 21 20ʼ N, ʼ W Ave. Min. Temp. = 70.2 F Elevation = 10 ft Averages for 10/1/49-3/31/05 Ave. Annual Precipitation = in climain.pl?hihono
12 Hydrologic Cycle Mean January Moisture Dewpoint Temperature ( F) Relative Humidity (%) cgi-bin/climaps/climaps.pl
13 Hydrologic Cycle Mean July Moisture Dewpoint Temperature ( F) Relative Humidity (%) cgi-bin/climaps/climaps.pl
14 Hydrologic Cycle Average Dewpoint Temperature ( F) ( ) January July Annual cgi-bin/climaps/climaps.pl
15 Hydrologic Cycle July Dewpoint Temperature & Diurnal Temperature Range ( F) Dewpoint Temperature Diurnal Temperature Range cgi-bin/climaps/climaps.pl
16 Hydrologic Cycle Average Relative Humidity ( ) January July Annual cgi-bin/climaps/climaps.pl
17 Hydrologic Cycle Average Annual Precipitation ( ) Annual broadcastmet/watershed/media/ graphics/unit_6/nat_atlas_precip.jpg
18 Hydrologic Cycle Surface-Atmosphere Exchange of Water (Conʼt) Saturation Processes Increase Vapor Cooling Lifting Mixing Radiational Cooling Science Concepts Dry Adiabatic & Moist Adiabatic Process Condensation Types Dew/Frost Fog Haze Cloud Droplets
19 Clouds and Precipitation Atmospheric Saturation Processes Add moisture - Infrequent (Steam Fog) Cool to dewpoint temperature - Usual process - Lifting - Mixing - Radiation
20 Clouds and Precipitation Cloud Formation Condensation process - Condensation nuclei > What are they? Sea salt Combustion products - smoke Dust - Clay from plowed fields Science quotes of 5th and 6th graders - I am not sure how clouds get formed. But the clouds know how to do it, and that is the important thing. > What is their distribution? Decrease with height - For Example: 0.1 as many at 3,000 ft as at surface; 0.01 as many at 14,000 ft as at surface More over cities than country More over land than ocean - More giant nuclei over oceans - Hygroscopic nuclei - Begin to attract water vapor at RHs as low as 70% > What are they? Sea salt - Most common
21 Clouds and Precipitation Types of Condensate Dew - Caused by radiational cooling of a surface to the dewpoint temperature of the air - Typical conditions Science quotes of 5th and 6th graders - Dew is formed on leaves when the sun shines down on them and makes them perspire. > Clear skies > Calm winds (little mixing) > Nighttime - Dewpoint temperature above 32 F
22 Clouds and Precipitation Types of Condensate (Con t) Frost Quote - Caused by radiational cooling of a surface to the dewpoint temperature of the air - Typical conditions > Clear skies > Calm winds (little mixing) > Nighttime - Dewpoint temperature below 32 F Teg weather report on the car radio had predicted a low of 35 degrees, and Pittmen believed it, seeing frost come out of his mouth. David Morrell, "Desperate Measures" (p. 295) What is wrong with this statement?
23 Clouds and Precipitation Types of Condensate (Con t) Fog - Defined as a cloud on the ground - Caused by > Cooling of the air to its dewpoint temperature Most common cause Types of cooling fog Radiation fog Advection fog Upslope fog > Evaporation of enough water to saturate the atmosphere Least frequent cause Types of evaporation fog Steam fog Warm-rain fog - Dissipation ( burns-off ) by solar heating the surrounding ground; causes mixing at edges - Annual average days with fog In order to save the army during the Revolutionary War Washington retreated from Long Island overnight on Aug. 29, By sunrise on the 30th not all the troops had been ferried across the river to the NY side. However, a heavy fog had settled over the river so they could continue to cross without being observed by the British troops and war ships. Within an hour after the boats had carried the last of the 9,000 troops safely across, the wind shifted and the fog dispersed. Fog had helped save the army. 1776, David McCullough, pp
24 Clouds and Precipitation Radiation and Valley Fog Alabama Rivers Note contrails Bright yellow is fog Valley fog AVHRR Satellite - 4 November Color enhanced (Visible, near infrared (~1 micron), infrared (~3.7 micron)
25 Clouds and Precipitation Types of Condensate (Con t) Haze - Caused by particles ( large ) that scatter all wavelengths of light equally - Increases as RH becomes greater than 70% because of hygroscopic nuclei Cloud droplets - Cooling of the air aloft to its dewpoint temperature
26 Hydrologic Cycle Surface-Atmosphere Exchange of Water (Conʼt) Precipitation Physics (Conʼt) Cloud Growth Processes Droplet Multiplication Cascade Effect Science Concepts Surface Tension Solute Effect Curvature Effect
27 Clouds and Precipitation Cloud Droplet Growth Processes Solute effect - Solution of water and nuclei material - Helps droplet grow - Decreases as droplet becomes larger - Larger condensation nuclei, larger this effect. Thus, larger nuclei grow larger droplets Curvature effect - Caused by surface tension around droplet Science quotes of 5th and 6th graders - To most people solutions mean finding the answers. But to chemists solutions are things that are still all mixed up. - Hinders droplet grow - Decreases as droplet becomes larger Cloud Droplet Multiplication Process Cascade effect - Large drops break into several smaller drops
28 Hydrologic Cycle Surface-Atmosphere Exchange of Water (Conʼt) Precipitation Physics (Conʼt) Rain Drop Formation Collision and Coalescence Process Bergeron Process Precipitation Types Science Concepts Terminal Velocity Gravitational Force Drag Force Pressure Gradient Force Supercooled Water Saturation Over Water Ice
29 Clouds and Precipitation Forces on a Falling Object Terminal velocity ~120 mph
30 Clouds and Precipitation Forces on a Cloud or Rain Drop Drag Force => Depends on square of Velocity and Shape of Drop Pressure Gradient Force => Depends on Volume of Drop Gravitational Force => Depends on the Mass of the Drop D = C d ρ A V 2 / 2 D = Drag force C d =Drag coefficient (usually determined experimentally) ρ = Density of fluid (air) A = Reference area (includes shape, etc.) V = Velocity Drag Force Cloud or Rain Drop Pressure Gradient Force Gravitational Force
31 Clouds and Precipitation Atmospheric Particles Name Diameter (cm) # per cm 3 Large Ions 10-6 to to 10 4 Smoke and Dust 10-5 to 10-4 variable Large Condensation Nuclei 10-5 to Giant Condensation Nuclei 10-4 to Cloud Droplets 10-4 to 10-2 Rain Drops 10-2 to 1
32 Clouds and Precipitation Particle Terminal Velocities Particle Type Diameter (cm) m/s mph Condensation Nuclei 2 X X X 10-7 Small Cloud Droplets 1 X X 10-3 Typical Cloud Droplets 2 X X X 10-2 Large Cloud Droplets Small Rain Drops Typical Rain Drops Large Rain Drops
33 Clouds and Precipitation Raindrop Growth Process Raindrop 100 times larger diameter than cloud drop; 1,000,000 time larger volume How does this tremendous growth occur? - Coalescence process - Warm clouds > Terminal velocity Gravitational force Pressure gradient force Drag force > Large drops fall faster than smaller drops > Large drops collect smaller drops Did you know - Houses used to have thatched roofs - thick straw, piled high, with no wood underneath. Because it was the a place animals could get warm, cats and other small animals (mice, bugs) lived in the roof. When it rained, the thatch became slippery and sometimes the animals would slip off the roof. Hence, the saying "It's raining cats and dogs."
34 Clouds and Precipitation Raindrop Growth Process (Con t) Raindrop 100 times larger diameter than cloud drop; 1,000,000 time larger volume (Conʼt) How does this tremendous growth occur? (Conʼt) - Bergeron-Findeisen or ice process - Cold clouds > Freezing nuclei Not enough in the atmosphere Pure water may not turn to ice until -40 C > Between 0 C and -40 C, cloud is mixture of ice and liquid. At temperatures below (i.e., heights above) -40 C, cloud is all ice. > Ice crystals grow at expense of liquid drops
35 Clouds and Precipitation Comparison of Maritime and Continental Rain Clouds Maritime Continental Number of Nuclei 940 cm cm -3 Droplet Concentration 50 cm cm -3 Median Droplet Diameter 17 x 10-6 m 11 x 10-6 m
36 Clouds and Precipitation Precipitation Classification Drizzle - Small, numerous drops falling out of fog or low layer stratus clouds - Indicative of stable stratification with little vertical motion Intermittent or Continuous Precipitation - Rain or snow - Falling more or less evenly from altostratus or nimbostratus clouds - Caused by widespread and slow upward movement of large masses of air Showers (Squalls, Flurries) - Precipitation with short duration with fair intervals - Caused by cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds, i.e, convection - Indicative of unstable stratification with fairly strong upward vertical motion in localized regions
37 Clouds and Precipitation Types of Precipitation Virgae - Rain that evaporates below cloud base, but before reaching the ground Rain - Lower atmosphere above freezing - Drops large enough to fall relative to air motions /tstms.htm
38 Clouds and Precipitation Types of Precipitation Freezing Rain - Ground at 0 C or colder Very shallow layer of air near the ground at near 0 C or colder Layer of air above this shallow layer at temperatures above 0 C (Gh)/guides/mtr/cld/prcp/zr/frz.rxml
39 Clouds and Precipitation Types of Precipitation Sleet, Grauple, Ice Pellets - Clear ice drops - Precipitation is in the form of liquid drops at sometime as it falls - Deeper layer of air above the ground at 0 C or colder - Layer of air above this deeper layer at temperatures above 0 C (Gh)/guides/mtr/cld/prcp/slt.rxml
40 Clouds and Precipitation Types of Precipitation (Con t) Science quotes of 5th and 6th graders - A blizzard is when it snows sideways. Snow - Opaque ice crystals or flakes - Crystals form at temperatures below 0 C by the process of deposition - No liquid phase - Ground at or near 0 C or colder - Layer of air above the ground at temperatures below 0 C (Gh)/guides/mtr/cld/prcp/snow.rxml html
41 Clouds and Precipitation Types of Precipitation (Con t) Hail - Large balls or lumps of ice - Often formed of concentric rings of clear and opaque ice - Formed in clouds with strong updrafts, i.e., convective clouds hail.html Record Hail Stone - 7 diameter, 18.75ʼʼ circumference fell in Aurora, NE, 22 June html
NATS 1750 Lecture. Wednesday 28 th November Pearson Education, Inc.
NATS 1750 Lecture Wednesday 28 th November 2012 Processes that lift air Orographic lifting Elevated terrains act as barriers Result can be a rainshadow desert Frontal wedging Cool air acts as a barrier
More informationTemp 54 Dew Point 41 Relative Humidity 63%
Temp 54 Dew Point 41 Relative Humidity 63% Water in the Atmosphere Evaporation Water molecules change from the liquid to gas phase Molecules in liquids move slowly Heat energy makes them move faster When
More informationMoisture, Clouds, and Precipitation Earth Science, 13e Chapter 17
Moisture, Clouds, and Precipitation Earth Science, 13e Chapter 17 Stanley C. Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Changes of state of water, H 2 O Water is the only substance in atmosphere that exists
More information24.2 Cloud Formation 2/3/2014. Orographic Lifting. Processes That Lift Air Frontal Wedging. Convergence and Localized Convective Lifting
2/3/2014 Orographic Lifting Processes That Lift Air Frontal Wedging A front is the boundary between two adjoining air masses having contrasting characteristics. Convergence and Localized Convective Lifting
More informationChapter 5 Forms of Condensation and Precipitation
Chapter 5 Forms of Condensation and Precipitation Cloud Formation visible aggregate of water droplets, ice crystals, or both adiabatic cooling Classifying and Naming of clouds Processes responsible for
More informationThursday, June 5, Chapter 5: Condensation & Precipitation
Thursday, June 5, 2014 Chapter 5: Condensation & Precipitation Chapter 5: Condensation and Precipitation Formation of Condensation Saturated Air Condensation Nuclei Results of Condensation Clouds Fog Dew
More informationChapter 7 Precipitation Processes
Chapter 7 Precipitation Processes Chapter overview: Supersaturation and water availability Nucleation of liquid droplets and ice crystals Liquid droplet and ice growth by diffusion Collision and collection
More informationWater in the Atmosphere
Water in the Atmosphere Characteristics of Water solid state at 0 o C or below (appearing as ice, snow, hail and ice crystals) liquid state between 0 o C and 100 o C (appearing as rain and cloud droplets)
More informationEARTH SCIENCE. Prentice Hall Water in the Atmosphere Water in the Atmosphere Water in the Atmosphere.
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Water s Changes of State 1. Precipitation is any form of water that falls from a cloud. a. Examples: Snow, rain, hail, sleet 3 States of matter of water: 1.
More informationPrecipitation Processes. Precipitation Processes 2/24/11. Two Mechanisms that produce raindrops:
Precipitation is any form of water that falls from a cloud and reaches the ground. How do cloud drops grow? Chapter 7 When air is saturated with respect to a flat surface it is unsaturated with respect
More information9/22/14. Chapter 5: Forms of Condensation and Precipitation. The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12 th.
Chapter 5: Forms of Condensation and Precipitation The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12 th Lutgens Tarbuck Lectures by: Heather Gallacher, Cleveland State University! A cloud is a visible
More informationPHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. By Brett Lucas
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY By Brett Lucas INTRODUCTION TO ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE Atmospheric Moisture The Nature of Water The Hydrologic Cycle Evaporation Measures of Humidity Condensation The Buoyancy of Air Precipitation
More informationCLOUDS, PRECIPITATION, AND WEATHER RADAR
CHAPTER 7 CLOUDS, PRECIPITATION, AND WEATHER RADAR MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. The activation temperature of most ice-forming nuclei is 0 C. a. above b. about c. well below 2. Hygroscopic nuclei water
More informationChapter 8 - Precipitation. Rain Drops, Cloud Droplets, and CCN
Chapter 8 - Precipitation Rain Drops, Cloud Droplets, and CCN Recall the relative sizes of rain drops, cloud drops, and CCN: raindrops - 2000 μ m = 2 mm fall at a speed of 4-5 ms -1 cloud drops - 20 μ
More informationLecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 17 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens
Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 17 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors
More informationAtmospheric Moisture. Relative humidity Clouds Rain/Snow. Relates to atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, exosphere, geosphere
Atmospheric Moisture Relative humidity Clouds Rain/Snow Relates to atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, exosphere, geosphere Atmospheric moisture Water in the atmosphere Requires - vapor pressure- the amount
More informationISSUED BY KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA - DOWNLOADED FROM
CHAPTER -11 WATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE This chapter deals with Humidity, types of humidity, relative humidity, absolute humidity, specific humidity, dew point, condensation, saturated air, types of precipitation
More informationChapter 5: Forms of Condensation and Precipitation. Copyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 5: Forms of Condensation and Precipitation Water vapor's role in the Earth's weather is major. Its the product of evaporation. It is lifted up, condenses and forms clouds. It is also a greenhouse
More informationName Class Date. 3. In what part of the water cycle do clouds form? a. precipitation b. evaporation c. condensation d. runoff
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading B Section: Water in the Air 1. What do we call the condition of the atmosphere at a certain time and place? a. the water cycle b. weather c. climate d. precipitation THE
More informationWeather. Describing Weather
Weather Describing Weather What is weather? Weather is the atmospheric conditions, along with short-term changes, of a certain place at a certain time. Have you ever been caught in a rainstorm on what
More information9 Condensation. Learning Goals. After studying this chapter, students should be able to:
9 Condensation Learning Goals After studying this chapter, students should be able to: 1. explain the microphysical processes that operate in clouds to influence the formation and growth of cloud droplets
More informationCondensation Nuclei. Condensation Nuclei 2/10/11. Hydrophobic Water-repelling Oils, gasoline, paraffin Resist condensation, even above 100% RH
Chapter 5 The Formation of Dew & Frost Dew forms on objects near the ground surface when they cool below the dew point temperature. More likely on clear nights due to increased radiative cooling White
More informationPrecipitation. GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 12 Ahrens: Chapter 7
Precipitation GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 12 Ahrens: Chapter 7 Last lecture! Atmospheric stability! Condensation! Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)! Types of clouds Precipitation! Why clouds don t fall! Terminal
More informationChapter 7. Water and Atmospheric Moisture. Water on Earth Unique Properties of Water Humidity Atmospheric Stability Clouds and Fog
Chapter 7 Water and Atmospheric Moisture Robert W. Christopherson Charlie Thomsen Water kept both the terrestrial and marine ecosystems closely linked with the atmosphere. (1) Air carries water vapor and
More informationWeather Notes. Chapter 16, 17, & 18
Weather Notes Chapter 16, 17, & 18 Weather Weather is the condition of the Earth s atmosphere at a particular place and time Weather It is the movement of energy through the atmosphere Energy comes from
More informationPrecipitation AOSC 200 Tim Canty. Cloud Development: Orographic Lifting
Precipitation AOSC 200 Tim Canty Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~tcanty/aosc200 Topics for today: Precipitation formation Rain Ice Lecture 14 Oct 11 2018 1 Cloud Development: Orographic Lifting
More information5.04 Clouds and Fog. References: FTGU pages , 147. Meteorology
5.04 Clouds and Fog References: FTGU pages 124-126, 147 Meteorology 5.04 Clouds and Fog MTPs: Cloud Classification Types and Recognition Associated Precipitation Fog Formation and Types Cloud Classification
More informationWATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE
WATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE I. Humidity A. Defined as water vapor or moisture in the air (from evaporation and condensation). B. The atmosphere gains moisture from the evaporation of water from oceans, lakes,
More informationCondensation: Dew, Fog, & Clouds. Chapter 5
Condensation: Dew, Fog, & Clouds Chapter 5 Condensation Condensation Water vapor in the air changes to a liquid and forms dew, fog, or clouds Water vapor requires a surface to condense on Possible condensation
More informationWeather, Atmosphere and Meteorology
S c i e n c e s Weather, Atmosphere and Meteorology Key words: Atmosphere, Ozone, Water vapor, solar radiation, Condensation, Evaporation, Humidity, Dew-Point Temperature, Cirrus Clouds, Stratus Clouds,
More information1. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below, which shows a weather system that is affecting part of the United States.
1. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below, which shows a weather system that is affecting part of the United States. Which sequence of events forms the clouds associated with
More informationClouds, Precipitation
ES 106 Clouds, Precipitation I. Condensation and cloud formation A. Condensation nuclei necessary for clouds to form 1. dust, pollen, salt, smoke 2. at sub-freezing temperature, form by deposition of water
More informationMeteorology Clouds and Fog. Cloud Classification MTPs: Height. Shape. and. Clouds are classified by:
Meteorology 5.04 Clouds and Fog References: FTGU pages 124-126, 147 5.04 Clouds and Fog MTPs: Cloud Classification Associated Precipitation Clouds are classified by: Cloud Classification Height Shape and
More informationCondensation: Dew, Fog, & Clouds. Chapter 5
Condensation: Dew, Fog, & Clouds Chapter 5 The Formation of Dew & Frost Dew forms on objects near the ground surface when they cool below the dew point temperature. More likely on clear nights due to increased
More information1. describe the two methods by which cloud droplets can grow to produce precipitation (pp );
10 Precipitation Learning Goals After studying this chapter, students should be able to: 1. describe the two methods by which cloud droplets can grow to produce precipitation (pp. 232 236); 2. distinguish
More informationPrecipitation Processes METR σ is the surface tension, ρ l is the water density, R v is the Gas constant for water vapor, T is the air
Precipitation Processes METR 2011 Introduction In order to grow things on earth, they need water. The way that the earth naturally irrigates is through snowfall and rainfall. Therefore, it is important
More informationAir stability. About. Precipitation. air in unstable equilibrium will move--up/down Fig. 5-1, p.112. Adiabatic = w/ no exchange of heat from outside!
Air stability About clouds Precipitation A mass of moist, stable air gliding up and over these mountains condenses into lenticular clouds. Fig. 5-CO, p.110 air in unstable equilibrium will move--up/down
More informationUnit 4 Lesson 2 Clouds and Cloud Formation. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Head in the Clouds What are clouds? A cloud is a collection of small water droplets or ice crystals that are suspended in the air. Clouds are visible because water droplets and ice crystals reflect light.
More informationUnit: Weather Study Guide
Name: Period: Unit: Weather Study Guide Define each vocabulary word on a separate piece of paper or index card. Weather Climate Temperature Wind chill Heat index Sky conditions UV index Visibility Wind
More informationGeology 1347 Meteorology
Geology 1347 Meteorology Exam 2 Review 1. The scattering of light by small particles in the atmosphere causes many familiar effects such as white clouds, blue skies, hazy skies, crepuscular rays, and colorful
More informationWATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE
CHAPTER Y ou have already learnt that the air contains water vapour. It varies from zero to four per cent by volume of the atmosphere and plays an important role in the weather phenomena. Water is present
More informationCondensation: Dew, Fog and Clouds AT350
Condensation: Dew, Fog and Clouds AT350 T=30 C Water vapor pressure=12mb What is Td? What is the sat. water vapor T=30 C Water vapor pressure=12mb What is Td? What is the sat. water vapor ~12/42~29% POLAR
More informationClouds. What they tell us about the weather
Clouds What they tell us about the weather Spring funnel cloud over Willard, Utah 2003 Cloud coverage 581-586 How to show Cloud Coverage On a weather map meteorologists use circles shaded differently to
More informationWeather. Describing Weather
CHAPTER 13 Weather LESSON 1 Describing Weather What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the
More information1. CLIMATOLOGY: 2. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY:
What is meteorology? A. METEOROLOGY: an atmospheric science that studies the day to day changes in the atmosphere 1. ATMOSPHERE: the blanket of gas that surrounds the surface of Earth; the air 2. WEATHER:
More informationThe atmosphere s water
The atmosphere s water Atmospheric Moisture and Precipitation Properties of Water The Hydrosphere and the Hydrologic Cycle Humidity The Adiabatic Process Clouds Precipitation Air Quality Main points for
More informationChapter 4. Atmospheric Moisture, Condensation, and Clouds. 9/13/2012
Chapter 4 Atmospheric Moisture, Condensation, and Clouds. The sun s electromagnetic spectrum and some of the descriptive names of each region. The numbers underneath the curve approximate the percent of
More information9/13/2012. Chapter 4. Atmospheric Moisture, Condensation, and Clouds.
Chapter 2-3 review Chapter 2-3 review Chapter 4 Atmospheric Moisture, Condensation, and Clouds. The sun s electromagnetic spectrum and some of the descriptive names of each region. The numbers underneath
More informationAtmospheric Basics Atmospheric Composition
Atmospheric Basics Atmospheric Composition Air is a combination of many gases, each with its own unique characteristics. About 99 percent of the atmosphere is composed of nitrogen and oxygen, with the
More informationCollision and Coalescence 3/3/2010. ATS 351 Lab 7 Precipitation. Droplet Growth by Collision and Coalescence. March 7, 2006
ATS 351 Lab 7 Precipitation March 7, 2006 Droplet Growth by Collision and Coalescence Growth by condensation alone takes too long ( 15 C -) Occurs in clouds with tops warmer than 5 F Greater the speed
More informationWater in the Air. Pages 38-45
Water in the Air Pages 38-45 Quick Write What is the water cycle? Draw and label a diagram of the water cycle. Chapter 2, Section 1 Does this look familiar? Please open your text to page 38 and copy and
More informationWeather is the of the Earth s atmosphere at a place and time. It is the movement of through the atmosphere o Energy comes from the
Weather Notes Weather Weather is the of the Earth s atmosphere at a place and time It is the movement of through the atmosphere o Energy comes from the The sun is the force that weather The sun s energy
More informationa. Air is more dense b. Associated with cold air (more dense than warm air) c. Associated with sinking air
Meteorology 1. Air pressure the weight of air pressing down on Earth 2. Temperature and altitude determine air pressure 3. The more air particles are present, the more air density or pressure exists 4.
More information78% : component of atmosphere! 21% : 1% : Changes depending on origin of air: - originated over - originated over Ozone = O 3 Definition:
Unit 6 Part 1 Meteorology Name: Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere SWBAT: Describe the composition of the atmosphere. Diagram/describe the layers of the earth s atmosphere. Weather Climate Atmospheric
More informationAnswers to Clicker Questions
Answers to Clicker Questions Chapter 1 What component of the atmosphere is most important to weather? A. Nitrogen B. Oxygen C. Carbon dioxide D. Ozone E. Water What location would have the lowest surface
More informationUnit 4 Review Guide: Weather
Unit 4 Review Guide: Weather Weather: The condition of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. Freezing: To become hardened into ice or into a solid body Deposition: The change in state of matter
More informationMeteorology. I. The Atmosphere - the thin envelope of gas that surrounds the earth.
Meteorology I. The Atmosphere - the thin envelope of gas that surrounds the earth. A. Atmospheric Structure - the atmosphere is divided into five distinct layers that are based on their unique characteristics.
More informationName Class Date. Water molecules condense around the salt crystal. More water molecules condense around the original small droplet.
CHAPTER 20 2 Clouds and Fog SECTION Water in the Atmosphere KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What conditions are necessary for clouds to form? What are the four processes
More informationLecture 07 February 10, 2010 Water in the Atmosphere: Part 1
Lecture 07 February 10, 2010 Water in the Atmosphere: Part 1 About Water on the Earth: The Hydrological Cycle Review 3-states of water, phase change and Latent Heat Indices of Water Vapor Content in the
More informationEarth Science Chapter 16 and 17. Weather and Climate
Earth Science Chapter 16 and 17 Weather and Climate Prediction Old way Groundhog Color of the sky Modern way satellites instruments computers Goal Weather Factors Studied by meteorologists Several factors
More informationMr. P s Science Test!
WEATHER- 2017 Mr. P s Science Test! # Name Date 1. Draw and label a weather station model. (10 pts) 2. The is the layer of the atmosphere with our weather. 3. Meteorologists classify clouds in about different
More informationWeather and Climate Review
Weather and Climate Review STUFF YOU NEED TO KNOW and to UNDERSTAND! 1) Because water has a higher specific heat than land, water will warm and cool more slowly than the land will. Because of this: a)
More informationFinal Weather Unit Study Guide
Name: Atmospheric Composition and Layers Altitude Atmosphere Composition Troposphere Air Pressure Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere Ionosphere Sample Questions: Final Weather Unit Study Guide
More informationAtmospheric Moisture and Precipitation
Atmospheric Water Atmospheric Moisture and Precipitation Properties of Water The Hydrosphere and the Hydrologic Cycle Humidity The Adiabatic Processes Clouds Precipitation Air Quality Main topics for today
More informationEvaporation - Water evaporates (changes from a liquid to a gas) into water vapor due to heat from the Sun.
Erin Kathryn 2016 Weather is the conditions of Earth s atmosphere at a certain time and place. For example, sunshine, rain, hurricanes, and storms are all examples of weather. Weather is different at different
More informationPreamble to Chapter 05. Hydrologic Cycle Intro. Ocean and Freshwater Distribution. Chapter 5: Atmospheric Water and Weather
Chapter 5: Atmospheric Water and Weather Preamble to Chapter 05 Hydrologic Cycle Intro Quantity Equilibrium: Water at a relative balance over the last 2 billion years Diagram of the hydrologic cycle Ocean
More informationChapter 5: Atmospheric Water and Weather. Preamble to Chapter 05
Chapter 5: Atmospheric Water and Weather Preamble to Chapter 05 Hydrologic Cycle Intro Quantity Equilibrium: Water at a relative balance over the last 2 billion years Diagram of the hydrologic cycle Ocean
More informationGEOGRAPHY EYA NOTES. Weather. atmosphere. Weather and climate
GEOGRAPHY EYA NOTES Weather and climate Weather The condition of the atmosphere at a specific place over a relatively short period of time Climate The atmospheric conditions of a specific place over a
More informationHow our atmosphere is heated.
How our atmosphere is heated. How is heat transferred around our atmosphere? 1) Radiation from the sun to the Earth. 2) Conduction passes heat from the Earth to the atmosphere. 3) Convection moves heat
More informationMoisture, Clouds, and Precipitation: Clouds and Precipitation. Dr. Michael J Passow
Moisture, Clouds, and Precipitation: Clouds and Precipitation Dr. Michael J Passow What Processes Lift Air? Clouds require three things: water vapor, a condensation nucleus, and cooling Cooling usually
More informationClimate & Earth System Science. Introduction to Meteorology & Climate. Chapter 04 Lecture 07. Peter Lynch VIS WATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE MAPH 10050
Climate & Earth System Science Introduction to Meteorology & Climate MAPH 10050 Peter Lynch Peter Lynch Meteorology & Climate Centre School of Mathematical Sciences University College Dublin Meteorology
More informationCh22&23 Test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Ch22&23 Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The two most abundant compounds in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide and a. particulates.
More informationForecasting Local Weather
Forecasting Local Weather Sea/Land Breeze Temperature Dew Fog Frost Snow Thunderstorms Tropical Cyclones Temperatures: Radiation Balance Typical Diurnal Variation of Temperature Min soon after dawn Temp
More informationClouds on Mars Cloud Classification
Lecture Ch. 8 Cloud Classification Descriptive approach to clouds Drop Growth and Precipitation Processes Microphysical characterization of clouds Complex (i.e. Real) Clouds Examples Curry and Webster,
More informationAtmosphere L AY E RS O F T H E AT MOSPHERE
Atmosphere L AY E RS O F T H E AT MOSPHERE Why is the atmosphere divided into 5 different layers? The atmosphere is divided into five different layers because the atmosphere is not uniform, its properties
More informationClimate versus Weather
Climate versus Weather What is climate? Climate is the average weather usually taken over a 30-year time period for a particular region and time period. Climate is not the same as weather, but rather,
More informationThe troposphere is the layer closest to Earth s surface. Extends from 9-16 km above Earth s Surface It contains most of the mass of the atmosphere.
Chapter 11 The atmosphere is the blanket of gases surrounding Earth that contains about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases such as argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor The atmosphere is classified
More information777 GROUNDSCHOOL Temperature, Stability, Fronts, & Thunderstorms
777 GROUNDSCHOOL 2018 Temperature, Stability, Fronts, & Thunderstorms The Atmosphere Heating Transfer of heat occurs thru Radiation Advection Convection Matter changes states due to the amount of heat
More informationWeather - is the state of the atmosphere at a specific time & place
Weather Section 1 Weather - is the state of the atmosphere at a specific time & place Includes such conditions as air pressure, wind, temperature, and moisture in the air The Sun s heat evaporates water
More informationTrade wind inversion. is a highly stable layer (~2 km high) that caps the moist surface layer (often cloudy) from the dry atmosphere above.
Hilo 9/19/06 2:00 am HST Td T Trade wind inversion is a highly stable layer (~2 km high) that caps the moist surface layer (often cloudy) from the dry atmosphere above. 1 Mountain/lee waves in a stable
More informationPrecipitation. AT350: Ahrens Chapter 8
Precipitation AT350: Ahrens Chapter 8 Precipitation Formation How does precipitation form from tiny cloud drops? Warm rain process The Bergeron (ice crystal) process Most important at mid and northern
More informationThe Atmosphere of Earth
The Atmosphere of Earth The probability of a storm can be predicted, but nothing can be done to stop or slow a storm. Understanding the atmosphere may help in predicting weather changes, but it is doubtful
More informationChapter Introduction. Weather. Patterns. Forecasts Chapter Wrap-Up
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Describing Weather Weather Patterns Weather Forecasts Chapter Wrap-Up How do scientists describe and predict weather? What do you think? Before you begin,
More informationPrecipitations. Terminal Velocity. Chapter 7: Precipitation Processes. Growth of Cloud Droplet Forms of Precipitations Cloud Seeding
Chapter 7: Precipitation Processes Precipitations Water Vapor Saturated Need cloud nuclei Cloud Droplet formed around Cloud Nuclei Growth of Cloud Droplet Forms of Precipitations Cloud Seeding Precipitation
More informationName Class Date STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY
Atmosphere SECTION 11.1 Atmospheric Basics In your textbook, read about the composition of the atmosphere. Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement. 1. Most of Earth s atmosphere
More informationWhat do you think of when someone says weather?
Weather Our World: What is Weather? video What do you think of when someone says weather? Questions from Bill Nye video 1. What causes wind? 2. What are two things that were mentioned by Bill Nye that
More information1st Annual Southwest Ohio Snow Conference April 8, 2010 Abner F. Johnson, Office of Maintenance - RWIS Coordinator
1st Annual Southwest Ohio Snow Conference April 8, 2010 Abner F. Johnson, Office of Maintenance - RWIS Coordinator The Ohio Department of Transportation ODOT has approximately 5500 full-time employees
More informationChapter The transition from water vapor to liquid water is called. a. condensation b. evaporation c. sublimation d.
Chapter-6 Multiple Choice Questions 1. The transition from water vapor to liquid water is called. a. condensation b. evaporation c. sublimation d. deposition 2. The movement of water among the great global
More informationCondensation is the process by which water vapor changes from a gas to a liquid. Clouds form by this process.
CHAPTER 16 1 Water in the Air SECTION Understanding Weather BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is weather? How does water in the air affect
More informationName Date Hour Table. Chapter 12-AP Lesson One
Name Date Hour Table 1. Chapter 12-AP Lesson One 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Name Date Hour Table Directions: Answer each question to create your word bank.
More informationWEATHER THEORY. Weather Theory Page 100 Aviation Seminars. Measurement Of Temperature, Pressure And Moisture. Stability (Cont)
Weather Theory Page 100 WEATHER THEORY Measurement Of Temperature, Pressure And Moisture The primary cause of all changes in the earth s weather is variation of solar energy received by the Earth s regions..
More informationChapter 6. Cloud Development and Forms
Cloud Formation Chapter 6 Cloud Development and Forms Condensation (i.e. clouds,fog) results from: Diabatic cooling (important for fog) Adiabatic cooling (important for clouds) Clouds form due to adiabatic
More informationWhat does a raindrop look like as it is falling? A B C
What does a raindrop look like as it is falling? A B C As the raindrop falls, it bumps into air molecules, flattening out the bottom of the drop! Force or air resistance Force of gravity Water can be in
More informationClever Catch Weather Ball Question and Answer Sheets
Clever Catch Weather Ball Question and Answer Sheets 1. Too much exposure to can cause skin cancer. B. Ultraviolet radiation 2. The layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth s surface is the 3. Some
More information6.2 Meteorology. A meteorologist is a person who uses scientific principles to explain, understand, observe, or forecast Earth s weather.
Water and Weather 6.2 Meteorology A meteorologist is a person who uses scientific principles to explain, understand, observe, or forecast Earth s weather. 6.2 Water in the Atmosphere Dew point is the temperature
More informationThree things necessary for weather are Heat, Air, Moisture (HAM) Weather takes place in the Troposphere (The lower part of the atmosphere).
Grade 5 SCIENCE WEATHER WATCH Name: STUDY NOTES Weather - The condition of the atmosphere with respect to heat/cold, wetness/dryness, clearness/ cloudiness for a period of time. Weather changes over time
More informationChapter 7: Precipitation Processes. ESS5 Prof. Jin-Yi Yu
Chapter 7: Precipitation Processes From: Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 1st Edition, Version 1.1.2, Produced by the COMET Program Copyright 2007-2008, 2008, University Corporation for Atmospheric
More informationHumidity. Reid Pierce Fulbright Jr. High Bentonville, AR
Humidity Reid Pierce Fulbright Jr. High Bentonville, AR Humidity After water evaporates, where does it go? to the air Describe a humid day Humidity how much water vapor is in the air Warm air can hold
More informationESS55: EARTH S ATMOSPHERE / Homework #6 / (due 5/24/2018)
ESS55: EARTH S ATMOSPHERE / Homework #6 / (due 5/24/2018) Name Student ID: 1) 21) 41) 2) 22) 42) 3) 23) 43) 4) 24) 44) 5) 25) 45) 6) 26) 46) 7) 27) 47) 8) 28) 48) 9) 29) 49) 10) 30) 50) 11) 31) 51) 12)
More informationELEMENTARY SCIENCE PROGRAM MATH, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION. A Collection of Learning Experiences WEATHER Weather Student Activity Book
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE PROGRAM MATH, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION A Collection of Learning Experiences WEATHER Weather Student Activity Book Name This learning experience activity book is yours to keep.
More information