TWO NEW SPECIES OF BDELLIDAE (ACARI: PROSTIGMATA) FROM BRAZIL

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1 Vol. 34, No. 3 Internat. J. Acarol. 259 TWO NEW SPECIES OF BDELLIDAE (ACARI: PROSTIGMATA) FROM BRAZIL Fábio A. Hernandes 1, Rodrigo D. Daud 1 and Reinaldo J. F. Feres 2 1. PPG - Biologia Animal, UNESP, S. J. do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil ( fabio_akashi@yahoo.com.br, rodrigodaud@yahoo.com.br); 2. UNESP, Sao Paulo State University, Instituto de Biociencias, Letras e Ciencias Exatas; Rua Cristóvao Colombo, 2265, Jd. Nazareth, S. J. do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil ; Depto. Zoologia e Botanica; CNPq-Brazil Researcher ( reinaldo@ibilce.unesp.br). ABSTRACT - Two new species, Bdella ueckermanni n. sp. and Spinibdella denheyeri n. sp. (Acari: Bdellidae), are described from plants in southeastern Brazil. Key words - Acari, Bdellidae, Bdella, Spinibdella, South America, predatory mites, systematics, Brazil. INTRODUCTION The members of the family Bdellidae are predatory species, some of them playing an important role in the biological control of plant pests, e.g., mites and insects (Gerson et al., 2003). Several species of this family are reported from Brazil on crops such as rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Müell. Arg.), coffee (Coffea arabica L.), and on indigenous plants (Hernandes and Feres, 2006a; Vis et al., 2006; Mineiro et al., 2006; Daud and Feres, 2005; Demite and Feres, 2005, 2007). Little taxonomic research has been done on the mite family Bdellidae from the Neotropical Region: Biscirus splendidus (Stoll) was described from Guatemala (Stoll, 1893), B. anomalicornis (Berlese) and Bdellodes longirostris (Hermann) from Argentina (Thor (1931) and Atyeo (1960), respectively), and Cyta latirostris var. fusca (Canestrini) from Bolivia (Thor, 1931). Recently, two species were described from Brazil, Tetrabdella neotropica Hernandes and Feres (2006b), collected on rubber trees in S o Paulo State and Hexabdella cinquaginta Hernandes, Daud and Feres (2007) on leaves and twigs of rubber trees and Tibouchina sp. (Melastomataceae) in southeastern Brazil. In both species, silken cocoons, used by both species during moulting, were observed on the bases of leaves and twigs. About 40 species of Bdella Latreille and 25 species of Spinibdella Thor have been collected and described worldwide with the exception of South America (Atyeo, 1960; Wallace and Mahon, 1972; Swift and Goff, 1987; van der Schyff et al., 2005). Herein, we describe a new species of Bdella and a new species of Spinibdella. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mites were collected in the States of S o Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, located in southeastern Brazil. Leaves of each plant were collected from the medial third of the canopy and held in jars containing 70% ethanol. The leaves were shaken and the ethanol was sieved through a mm mesh in the laboratory. The material retained on the sieve was examined under a stereomicroscope. The mites were mounted on glass slides (3 x 1 in) in Hoyer s medium. Measurements and drawings were made under a phase contrast microscope and are given in micrometers ( m); values for the holotype are followed by the range of paratypes in parentheses. The body length was measured from the apex of the hypostome to the posterior margin of the idiosoma, and the body width at the level of setae c2. Setal lengths were recorded from the setal base to tip. Legs were measured from the proximal insertion of coxae to the base of the ambulacra. The setal nomenclature of Kethley (1990) is followed. Abbreviations of setae are as follows: Propodosomal setae: internal verticals (vi), external verticals (ve), internal scapular (sci), external scapular (sce). Opisthosomal setae: internal humeral (c1), external humeral (c2), internal dorsal (d1), internal lumbal (e1), internal sacral (f1), external sacral (f2), internal clunal (h1), external clunal (h2). Anal region: postanal (ps). Ventrognathosomal setae (vg). Leg setae: solenidion (s), trichobothria (tr), tactile seta (t). Palp setae: ventral end seta (VES) and dorsal end seta (DES).

2 260 Hernandes et al Figs Bdella ueckermanni n. sp. (female) - 1. gnathosoma: ventral hypostome (vg1-7 = ventrognathosomal setae 1 to 7, dg1 = dorsognathosomal seta 1), 2. dorsal view of chelicera (ch1-2 = cheliceral seta 1 and 2), 3. ventral view of palp (VES = ventral end seta, DES = dorsal end seta), 4. view of prodorsum (vi = vertical internal seta, sci = scapular internal seta), 5. anterior region of dorsal hysterosoma (scale bar in micrometers - same for all Figs. 1-5).

3 Vol. 34, No. 3 Internat. J. Acarol. 261 Figs Bdella ueckermanni n. sp. (female) - 6. genital valves and paragenital region (g1-g8 = genital setae, pg1-9 = paragenital setae, v1 = ventral seta), dorsal view of legs I-IV: 7. leg I, 8. leg II, 9. leg III, 10. leg IV (tr = trichobothrium; s = solenidium) (scale bar in micrometers).

4 262 Hernandes et al Type specimens are deposited in the Acari Collection of Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica (DZSJRP) - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de S o José do Rio Preto, S o Paulo, Brazil (slides 6882 to 6894). Family BDELLIDAE Dug s, 1834 Subfamily BDELLINAE Grandjean, 1938 Genus Bdella Latreille, 1795 Bdella ueckermanni n. sp. (Figs. 1-10) FEMALE (n = 12) - Oval, length of body 891 ( ), width 517 ( ). Gnathosoma (Figs. 1-3) - Six pairs of ventrognathosomal setae (vg1-6, Fig. 1), a small dorsal pair near base (dg1) and two small adornal pairs at anterior tip of hypostome. Chelicerae with thin longitudinal striae, two pairs of dorsal setae (ch1-2), distal pair 57 (57-68), slightly longer than proximal setal pair, 44 (41-49); movable and fixed chelae similar in shape and length; no teeth on movable chelae (Fig. 2). Palp segments I 11 (11-16), II 90 (90-106), III 22 (22-26), IV 22 (19-22), V 52 (46-55); palp setae VES 158 ( ), DES 122 ( ). Number of setae on palp (Fig. 3): trochanters 0, basifemora 7t, telofemora 1t, genua 4t, tibiotarsi 3t, 1s, 2 long end setae (VES and DES). Dorsum - Integument of dorsum provided with rounded lobes, wider than long, rarely touching each other at their bases in holotype, giving impression of finely broken striae (Figs. 4-5); integument sligthly compressed in paratype, with lobes touching each other probably due to mounting artifact; propodosomal striae longitudinal along midline; 2 pair of eyes posterolateral to ve, with diagonal striae between each pair; ve setae closer to sce than to vi; opisthosomal setae distally branched (Fig. 5). Measurement of dorsal setae: vi 95 (81-103), ve 41 (43-49), sci 54 (52-63), sce 109 ( ), c1 49 (49-54), c2 73 (71-80), d1 44 (45-49), e1 41 (38-49), f1 35 (37-41), f2 44 (41-50), h1 46 (41-52), h2 68 (57-68). Venter (Fig. 6) - Eversible ovipositor present; genital valves each with 8 setae longitudinally aligned; 9-10 paragenital setae; setae ps1-ps3 present, ps1 smooth; 1 pair of setae between coxae IV. Leg (Figs. 7-10) - Length of legs I 374 ( ), II 363 ( ), III 418 ( ), IV 495 ( ); setae on leg segments as follows: coxae I-IV 5/ ; all setae on coxae tactile, setiform. Trochanters I-IV ; all setae on trochanters tactile. Basifemora I-IV 9-7/9-7-4; all setae on basifemora tactile. Telofemora I-IV /4; all setae on telofemora tactile, dorso- medial smooth seta enlarged. Genua I-IV 4t, 1s, 1 duplex setae-5t, 1 duplex-5t, 1duplex-5t, 1 duplex; alveoli of duplex setae coalescent, tactile member in proximal position and vestigial. Tibiae I-IV 7t, 4s, 1tr-7t, 2s-7/8t, 1s-7t, 1 tr. Tarsi I-IV 23t, 4s, 1 micro-20t, 2s, 1 micro-18t, 1 tr-17t, 1 tr, 1s; trichobotrium on medial portion of tibiae I and IV, and proximal on tarsi III and IV. MALE - Unknown. Differential diagnosis - Bdella ueckermanni n. sp. is very similar to B. distincta Baker and Balock, 1944 in several characters, including the pattern of hysterosomal setae distally branched, 8 setae on each genital valve and the palp and most of the leg setae. It can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: all paranal setae smooth (1 pair distally branched in B. distincta); internal scapular setae on prodorsum (sci) slightly pilose and discretely bifurcate at tip (distally branched in B. distincta), these setae relatively longer than vertical setae (ve), with and m, respectively (subequal in B. distincta, with 53 and 51 m, respectively); distance between anterior and posterior eyes 0.7 times diameter of anterior lens in the new species, against equal to that diameter in B. distincta. Remarks - Bdella distincta Baker and Balock was recently reported from coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L., Arecaceae) in northern and northeastern Brazil (Lawson-Balagbo et al., 2007). We received specimens collected from coconuts in Bahia (northeastern Brazil) which we consider to be the same new species described herein, and not B. distincta. We also received two females from the state of Alagoas (northeastern Brazil) collected by Lawson-Balagbo (2007) which differ from B. ueckermanni n. sp. in the characters mentioned in the diagnosis of the new species. The specimens from Bahia were found associated with Aceria guerreronis (Acari, Eriophyidae) on coconut fruits (A. R. Oliveira, pers. comm.). In the redescription of B. distincta, Atyeo (1960: 382) mentioned the presence of transverse striae between the eyes. However, we received digital photos of the lectotype (USNM 1463), which demonstrate conclusively that those striae are in diagonal arrangement, as in B. ueckermanni n. sp. Type material - Holotype female (DZSJRP 6882), collected on Bactris gasipaes Kunth (Arecaceae) leaves, Pariquera-Açu, S o Paulo State, Brazil, 5.X.2006, coll. J. L. C. Mineiro; paratype female (DZSJRP 6883), collected on Musa sp. leaves (Musaceae), Tr s Rios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 13.V.2006, coll. J. L. C. Mineiro. One female, on Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae) leaves, Ilh us, state of Bahia, 24.VII.2007, coll. A. R. Oliveira; 9 females, Una, state of Bahia, 01.II.2008, from the same host and collector. Etymology - The species is named in honor of Dr. Eddie A. Ueckermann (ARC - Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa), in recognition of his contributions to the knowledge of the family Bdellidae.

5 Vol. 34, No. 3 Internat. J. Acarol. 263 Figs Spinibdella denheyeri n. sp. (male) gnathosoma: ventral hypostome (vg1-7 = ventrognathosomal setae 1 to 7, dg1 = dorsognathosomal seta), 12. dorsal view of chelicera (ch1-2 = cheliceral seta 1 and 2), 13. ventral view of palp (VES = ventral end seta, DES = dorsal end seta), 14. view of prodorsum (vi = vertical internal seta, ve = vertical external seta, sci = scapular internal seta), 15. anterior region of dorsal hysterosoma (scale bar in micrometers - same for all Figs ).

6 264 Hernandes et al Figs Spinibdella denheyeri n. sp. (male) genital valves and paragenital region (g1-g10 = genital setae; pg1-pg16 = paragenital setae, v1 = ventral seta), dorsal view of legs I to IV: 17. leg I (A= small blunt solenidion in shallow recess), 18. leg II (A = blunt solenidion in deep recess), 19. leg III, 20. leg IV (tr = trichobothrium; s = solenidium) (scale bar in micrometers).

7 Vol. 34, No. 3 Internat. J. Acarol. 265 Subfamily SPINIBDELLINAE Grandjean, 1938 Genus Spinibdella Thor, 1930 Spinibdella denheyeri n. sp. (Figs ) MALE (n = 3) - Body oval, about twice as long as wide; length of body 1023 ( ), width 473 ( ). Gnathosoma (Figs ) - Two pairs of ventrognathosomal setae (vg1-2, Fig. 11) and two small adornal pairs at anterior tip of hypostome. Chelicerae with longitudinal striae, two dorsal setae (ch1-2), proximal 54 (46-57), slightly longer than distal, 41 (38-44) (Fig. 12); movable and fixed digits subequal in length. Length of palp segments: I 22 (14-24), II 101 (84-106), III 33 (11-30), IV 16 (16-19), V 38 (38-41); number of setae on palp segments: trochanters 0, basifemora 9t, telofemora 2t, genua 4t, tibiotarsi 4t, 1s, 2 long end setae (VES and DES) (Fig. 13). Dorsum (Figs ) - Continuous striae on entire dorsum; prodorsal striae transverse along midline; 2 pairs of eyes lateral to sce, with transverse striae between each pair; ve setae closer to sce than to vi; opisthosomal setae finely pilose. Measurement of dorsal setae: vi broken (112), ve 24 (22-24), sci 52 (49-52), sce broken, c1 41 (41-49), c2 52 (49-52), d1 41 (41), e1 44 (44-46), f1 41 (44-46), f2 54 (54-63), h1 38 (41-46), h2 57 (54-57). Venter - Two setae between coxae IV, genital valves each with 10 genital setae; pairs of paragenital setae (Fig. 16); seta ps1-ps3 present, ps1 smooth. Leg (Figs ) - Length of legs I 374 ( ), II 385 ( ), III 429 ( ), IV 506 ( ); VES 147 ( ), DES 160 ( ). Setae on leg segments as follows: coxae I-IV 6/ ; all setae on coxae tactile, proximal seta on coxa I near trochanter I, setiform, others club-shaped. Trochanters I-IV ; all setae on trochanters tactile, setiform on legs I-III and club-shaped on leg IV. Basifemora I-IV 7/8-7/8-5-3; all setae on basifemora tactile, dorsomediodistal seta slightly enlarged. Telofemora I-IV 7-7/8-5-5/6; all setae on telofemora tactile, dorsomedial setae slightly enlarged. Genua I-IV 6t, 1s-6t, 1s-5t, 1s-6t; solenidia with small associated setae on genua I-III. Tibiae I-IV 12t, 2s, 1tr-11t, 1s, 1 blunt solenidion deeply recessed (Fig. 18) -10t, 1s-10t, 1tr. Tarsi I-IV 27t, 3s, 1 small blunt solenidion shallowly recessed (Fig. 17)-26t, 1s -24t, 1tr.-21t, 1tr, 1s; trichobothriae on distal portion of tibiae I, medial on tibiae IV, and proximal on tarsi III and IV; small blunt solenidion recessed in proximal portion of tarsi I. FEMALE (n = 2) - Body length ( ), width ( ); length of legs I ( ), II ( ), III (429), IV ( ); VES ( ), DES ( ); palp segments I (14-16), II (84-87), III (30), IV (16) V (38); vi (111), ve (24), sci (49-52), sce (broken), c1 (49), c2 (52), d1 (41), e1 (43), f1 (43), f2 (54-62). Except for following differences, the gnathosoma, dorsum, number of setae on palp and legs, genital and paragenital setae as in male: chelicerae with longitudinal striae and two setae, proximal (46-57) slightly longer than distal one (38-43). An eversible ovipositor present. Differential diagnosis - Spinibdella denheyeri n. sp. resembles S. ampulla Wallace and Mahon, 1972 by the transverse striae on prodorsum, seta ve set closer to the posterior sensillum than to the anterior one, two setae on palpal telofemur and transverse to oblique striae between anterior and posterior eyes. It can be distinguished from S. ampulla by having 8 setae on palp basifemur (rather than 9), 10 setae on each genital valve (rather than 9) and by chaetotaxy of coxae I and IV, with 6 and 4 setae, respectively (rather than 4 and 3). Spinibdella denheyeri n. sp. bears a deeply recessed blunt solenidion on tibia II. It can be distinguished from closely related S. depressa by having posterior eyes present (absent in S. depressa); from S. bifurcata by having dorsal hypostomal setae present (absent in S. bifurcata) and from S. bioculata by the prodorsal setae ve inserted closer to the posterior sensillum sce (almost in a transverse line with anterior sensilla in S. bioculata). Type material - Holotype male (DZSJRP 6884), collected on leaves of Coffea arabica L. (Rubiaceae) Atibaia, S o Paulo State, Brazil, 7.IV.2006, coll. J. L. C. Mineiro; 2 paratype females and 2 males, collection data same as holotype; mounted on the same slide. Etymology - The new species is named in honor of Dr. Jacob den Heyer (retired professor of the University of the North, Qwaqwa Branch, Phuthaditjhaba, Republic of South Africa) in recognition of his contributions to the knowledge of the Bdelloidea. Key to the Brazilian species of Bdellidae 1. Hypostome with 2 pairs of ventral setae Hypostome with 6 pairs of ventral setae Trichobothriae absent on tibiae I and IV; prodorsal striae with irregular lobes in longitudinal arrangement; setae ve almost in transverse line with anterior sensillae; 4 setae on palp basifemur and 5 setae on palp tibiotarsus; 8 setae on each genital valve......tetrabdella neotropica Hernandes & Feres 2. Trichobothriae present on tibia I and IV; prodorsal striae continuous and transverse; setae ve closer to posterior sensillae than to anterior one; 9 setae on palp basifemur and 7 setae on palp tibiotarsus; 10 setae on each genital valve......spinibdella denheyeri n. sp. 3. Trichobotriae absent on tarsi IV; lobed striae on lateral region of opisthosoma; 6-7 setae on each genital valve.....hexabdella cinquaginta Hernandes, Daud & Feres - Trichobothriae present on tarsi IV, lobed striae on entire dorsum; 8 setae on each genital valve...4

8 266 Hernandes et al Propodosomal tactile setae sci and ve subequal in length, 53 and 51 m long, respectively; eyes separated by distance equal to diameter of anterior lens......bdella distincta Baker & Balock - Propodosomal tactile setae sci longer than ve, m and m long, respectively; eyes separated by distance 0.7 times diameter of anterior lens......bdella ueckermanni n. sp. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We express our gratitude to Jeferson L. de C. Mineiro (Instituto Biológico, Campinas, Brazil) for collecting and mounting the species herein described. Also to Jacob den Heyer for critically reviewing the manuscript; and to Dr. Ronald Ochoa (USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA) for sending photos of Bdella distincta lectotype; to Dr. Anibal R. Oliveira (Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Bahia, Brazil) for collecting and sending specimens from Bahia; to Dr. Manoel G. Gondin Jr. (Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil), for sending specimens of B. distincta from the state of Alagoas. REFERENCES Atyeo, W. T A revision of the mite family Bdellidae in North and Central America (Acarina, Prostigmata). Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 40(8): Daud, R. D. and R. J. F. Feres Diversidade e flutuaç o populacional de ácaros (Acari) em Mabea fistulifera Mart. (Euphorbiaceae) de dois fragmentos de mata estacional semidecídua em S o José do Rio Preto, SP. Neotrop. Entomol. 34(2): Demite, P. R. and R. J. F. Feres Influ ncia de vegetaç o vizinha na distribuiç o de ácaros em seringal (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg., Euphorbiaceae) em S o José do Rio Preto, SP. Neotrop. Entomol. 34(5): Demite, P. R. and R. J. F. Feres Ocorr ncia e flutuaç o populacional de ácaros associados a seringais vizinhos de fragmentos de cerrado. Neotrop. Entomol. 36(1): Gerson, U., R. L. Smiley and R. Ochoa Mites (Acari) for pest control. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK. 537 pp. Hernandes, F. A. and R. J. F. Feres. 2006a. Review about mites (Acari) of rubber trees (Hevea spp., Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 6(1): http: // Hernandes, F. A. and R. J. F. Feres. 2006b. Tetrabdella neotropica (Acari: Bdellidae), a new genus and species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1135: Hernandes, F. A., R. D. Daud and R. J. F. Feres A new species of Hexabdella (Acari: Bdellidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa 1501: Kethley, J Acarina: Prostigmata (Actinedida). pp In: Dindal, D. L. (Ed.). Soil Biology Guide. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Lawson-Balagbo, L. M., M. G. C. Gondin, Jr., G. J. de Moraes, R. Hanna and P. Schausberger Exploration of the acarine fauna on coconut palm in Brazil with emphasis on Aceria guerreronis (Acari: Eriophyidae) and its natural enemies. Bull. Entomol. Res. 98: Mineiro, J. L. C., M. E. Sato, A. Raga, V. Arthur, G. J. de Moraes, F. O. Sarreta and A. Carrijo Diversidade de ácaros (Arachnida: Acari) em Coffea arabica L. cv. Mundo Novo, nos municípios de Jeriquara e Garça, Estado de S o Paulo. Biota Neotrop. 6(2): abstract?article+bn Stoll, O Arachnida Acaridea. Biologia Centrali- Americana (zool.), 3: Swift, S. F. and M. L. Goff The family Bdellidae (Acari: Prostigmata) in the Hawaiian Islands. Internat. J. Acarol. 13(1): Thor, S Bdellidae, Nicoletiellidae and Cryptognathidae. Das Tierreich 56: van der Schyff, J., P. D. Theron and E. A. Ueckermann Descriptions of seven new species of the genus Bdella Latreille (Acari: Prostigmata: Bdellidae) from southern Africa and a redescription of B. neograndjeani Meyer & Ryke. Afr. Entomol. 13(1): Vis, R. M. D, G. J. de Moraes and M. R. Bellini Mites (Acari) of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg., Euphorbiaceae) in Piracicaba, State of S o Paulo, Brazil. Neotrop. Entomol. 35(1): Wallace, M. M. H. and J. A. Mahon The taxonomy and biology of Australian Bdellidae (Acari). I. Subfamilies Bdellinae, Spinibdellinae and Cytinae. Acarologia 14(4): *****

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