Impact of lightning on JEM-EUSO, and correlation between lightning and cloud-top altitude
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1 Impact of lightning on JEM-EUSO, and correlation between lightning and cloud-top altitude R. CINTRAT 1, R. CREMONINI 2,3, M. BERTAINA 3, R. BECHINI 2 1 Université de Nice, France; 2 Universita di Torino, ITALIA; 3 ARPA Piemonte, Torino, ITALIA
2 Summary Problem statement Methodology Study area Lightning results Cloud results Conclusions
3 Problem statement JEM-EUSO sensor detects Extensive Air Shower (EAS) on the International Space Station (ISS) at the altitude of approximately 400 km. The sensor is a super wide-field telescope that detects extreme energy particles with energy above 3x10 19 ev. The lightnings are too bright for the JEM-EUSO sensor. When a lightning is detected the sensor is switched off for 70 sec.
4 JEM-EUSO duty Both cases presented by our sensor :
5 Methodology Data is retrieved from Sistema Italiano Rilevamento Fulmini (SIRF) broadband electromagnetic antennas with GPS. They detect the electromagnetic field emitted by lightning cloud-to-ground (about 10% of all lightnings). Analysis has been perfomed using the R software and the QGis software. Quality check : days with less than 6 signals, have been ignored.
6 Study Area The study area is comprise between 43N and 47.5N, and between 5E and 11E. The extension in kilometers. It is roughly the same area as that of the sensor JEM-EUSO.
7 Lightnings results
8 Lightning results Annual average distribution Number of the Cloudto-Ground (CG) lightnings per km²/ per year ( ). With a resolution of 1 / 18.
9 Density of the lightnings depending on the values. ( ) Lightning results Values distribution CG- : 86,31% CG+ : 13,69%
10 Lightning results NASA database The NASA obtained a map from Optical Transient Detector (ODT) and Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS). The spaceborne optical sensor OTD on the MicroLab-1 satellite, collected data from May 1995 to March LIS on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite, collected data from 1998 until today. Qualitative comparison CG annual distribution with the NASA database combined LIS and ODT for a resolution of 0,5.
11 Lightning results Generally the same, but also differences. SIRF, CG lightnings NASA, IC+CG lightnings Milano Torino X X Genova X
12 Lightning results Annual distribution Lightning density over one year ( ). The frequency is the number of observations per day.
13 Lightning results Hourly distribution The percentage of lightning depending on the hours of the day. ( )
14 Lightning results cummulative distribution Time difference between two lightnings for % For 70 secs, about 95% of the events that took place. 70secs
15 JEM-EUSO duty Both cases presented by our sensor :
16 Lightning results Night/Day The number of lightnings during the day time and night time calculated with the function «suncalc» in R.
17 Lightning results Time on/off We calculate the time on and off for the night time only.
18 Lightning results Average annual distribution SIRF (CG lightning) ( ) NASA (IC+CG lightning) ( ) Resolution (1/2)
19 Lightning results Comparison Comparison between SIRF and NASA data base. Factor 5 between the means, and a factor 10 between the averages.
20 Lightning results Creation fake lightnings Real lightning : Real+fake lightning : We create a new data base including «real+fake» lightning from the first data base including just the real lightnings.
21 Lightning results Time on/off with fake lightning We extrapolate the last results with only CG lightning, and we extract ramdomly 4 or 9 events from cummulative distribution.
22 Lightning results Time on/off with fake lightning With only CG lightning, time off = 8,26% The time off increases in the two cases : Factor 5, time off = 9,38% Factor 10, time off = 10,66%
23 Lightning results Distribution for ISS trajectory Area overflown by ISS :
24 Lightning results Distribution for ISS trajectory
25 Cloud results
26 Cloud results Determination of the cloud top by a radar and a satellite. Radar 25 35dBZ X 45 Decibels relative to reflectivity Z (dbz)
27 Cloud results Location of the lightning storms (red) identified by the radar (blue circles, with dimension proportional to the area). 2 may 2013
28 Cloud results Location of the lightning storms (red) identified by the radar (blue circles, with dimension proportional to the area). 2 may 2013
29 Cloud results Correlation between clouds and lightnings Lightnings (blue circle) and clouds (red triangle) including in the area detection. Lightnings not detected (black circle).
30 Cloud results Height of cloud High cloud : > 6,5 km Middle cloud : between 3,2 km and 6,5 km Low cloud : < 3,2 km
31 Cloud results Distribution if the top cloud For 1 year (2012) Radar Satellite
32 The new result about the correlation between lightning and cloud for 1year. for the satellite we have: high cloud : ; 66.58% middle cloud : 6850 ; 28.35% low cloud : 1222 ; 5.06% hc+mc+lc = (number total of events) for the radar I should rerun the program to get the exact numbers of percentage.
33 Conclusion Analysis of CG lightnings from 2001 to Comparison between different dataset (SIRF and NASA). Most lightnings occur during daytime, summertime and over land. In our area the time off is 8.26%. With the extrapolate for the ISS zone, the time off becomes 5.31%. Most clouds are causing lightning are high or middle. That change anything in the time off.
34 Perspective To analyze the ISS zone and with all parameters (light, cloud, etc ) and to calculate the time on/off for this area. Doing a map with the average of the time on/off.
35 Thank you for your attention!
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