Sungsu Park, Chris Bretherton, and Phil Rasch
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1 Improvements in CAM5 : Moist Turbulence, Shallow Convection, and Cloud Macrophysics AMWG Meeting Feb Sungsu Park, Chris Bretherton, and Phil Rasch CGD.NCAR University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
2 Physical Processes in CAM5 TKE & PBLH CONVECTIONS TURBULENCE Liquid Stratus Fraction & LWC MACROPHYSICS LW Cooling RADIATION Cumulus LWC/IWC TKE w sub Snow Fraction & Amount Ice Stratus Fraction MICROPHYSICS AEROSOL CCN Droplet Activation
3 MOIST TURBULENCE SCHEME in CAM5 θ v A t = z w A = z K A z K : eddy diffusivity Ri : Moist Richardson Number LW Cooling Condensation Heating SI STI EI TI : Stable Interface : Stably Turbulent Interface : Entrainment Interface : Turbulent Interface STL CL l S e W e : Stably Turbulent Layer : Convective Layer : Turbulent length scale : Stability function ( fcn of Ri ) : TKE : Entrainment rate
4 Moist Turbulence Scheme in CAM5 Diagnostic TKE-based 1 st order K diffusion scheme with entrainment param. Stratus-Top LW Cooling and In-Stratus Condensation Heating into TKE Treatment of Stratus-Radiation-Turbulence Interactions Handling of the 2 nd aerosol indirect effect Removal of the stability-based KH stratus fraction Activate in any layers above as well as within PBL Compared to CAM4 PBL scheme, Much better performance in cloud-topped regime Similar or superior performance in dry stable and convective regimes
5 Cloud-Radiation-Turbulence Interactions q t q t Entrainment Cloud-top LW cooling Deeper PBL Sustain Saturated PBL-Top Sustain Drier Lower-PBL
6 PBLH. JJA CAM5 CAM4 CAM5 CAM4 Deeper PBL in Sc-Regime
7 Low Cloud Amount. JJA. Observation CAM4 Use KH s stratus fraction CAM5 Do not use KH s stratus fraction Sustain Saturated PBL Top
8 Fog Amount. JJA. Observation CAM4 CAM5 Sustain Drier Lower-PBL
9 SHALLOW CONVECTION SCHEME in CAM5 Cumulus Top Overshooting Zone LNB Penetrative Entrainment θ v,u θ v Entrainment w A = ρ M u ( A A) M u : updraft mass flux A : updraft scalar u u LFC of undiluted updraft M u w u CUMULUS Detrainment LFC a u LCL PBL Top CIN CIN : Convective INhibition LCL LFC LNB : Lifting Condensation Level : Level of Free Convection : Level of Neutral Buoyancy w u a u : Updraft vertical velocity : Updraft fractional area
10 Shallow Convection Scheme in CAM5 An entraining-detraining buoyancy-sorting updraft plume with a penetrative entrainment parameterization Mass flux closure based on TKE and Convective Inhibition (CIN) Computes cumulus fraction and LWC, vertical velocity, updraft mass flux Direct influence on the global radiation budget ( Much ) Less sensitive to vertical resolution than CAM4 Simulate the real convective activity
11 Shallow Convective Mass Flux at Cloud Base. Annual. CAM5 CAM4 Observed Cumulus Observed Stratus
12 Inconsistency between Stratus Fraction and In-Stratus LWC in CAM4 Cloud Fraction ( a ) OWS N (30N,140W). Yr 0. Sep. 26 th Grid-Mean LWC ( q l ) Too large in-cloud LWC 4 [ g kg -1 ]!!! PBL top distorts LW cooling profile too strong inversion at the PBL top too weak entrainment rate too shallow and moist PBL
13 Macrophysics Scheme in CAM5 Enhance consistency between stratus fraction and in-stratus LWC Remove empty (a>0, q l,cloud =0) and dense (a=0, q l,cloud >0) stratus Liquid stratus fraction based on triangular PDF of q t Removal of KH s stability based stratus fraction Separate treatment of liquid condensation and ice sublimation Separate diagnose of liquid and ice stratus fractions Cumulus is non-overlapped with stratus in each layer. Cumulus has its own in-cumulus LWC. Cumulus is radiatively active.
14 Horizontal Geometry of Clouds in CAM CAM4 CAM5 : Cumulus : RH Stratus + Cumulus : RH Stratus : RH Stratus + KH Stratus : KH Stratus : KH Stratus + Cumulus : Cumulus : RH Stratus = Stratus
15 ΔT 2m JJA DJF CAM4 Obs. CAM5 Obs. CAM5 CAM4
16 CAM5 CAM4. DJF Δ T 2m Δ PBLH Δ Clear-Sky Downward LW Rad. at Surface Δ Downward LW Rad. at Surface Δ CLDLOW Δ TGCLDIWP
17 SUMMARY CAM5 has much better physics and interactions among the physics than CAM4, without arbitrary kludges (e.g., stability based LCA etc.). CAM5 can simulate many important features in a physically reasonable way, especially the ones associated with cloud processes themselves and cloudclimate interactions (e.g., marine stratocumulus clouds, cumulus, cloud-sst interaction, cloud-sea ice interaction, 1 st and 2 nd aerosol indirect effects, etc.). Some important biases in CAM5: Too cold near surface air over the Northern Continent in DJF.
18 Improvements of Cloud Treatment in CAM5 Removal of KH Stratus New Moist Turbulence Scheme Realistic Cumulus Fraction and Cumulus LWC New Shallow Convection Scheme and Revised Deep Convection Scheme Enhanced Consistency between Stratus Fraction and Stratus LWC Revised Macrophysics Simulation of Interactive Cloud Droplet Number as well as LWC/IWC New 2-Moment Microphysics and Modal Aerosol Model More Realistic Radiative Properties of Clouds New Cloud Optics
19 x F R, inv x F R,LW,q l x τ = 156 ρ q l z f R = τ (τ + 4) τ τ + 24 F R, inv = f R FR, LW
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