voyageplan Monitoring Ocean Climate Change Around Australia: Deep Ocean Time Series Section (DOTSS) along 170oW between 50oS and the Equator.

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "voyageplan Monitoring Ocean Climate Change Around Australia: Deep Ocean Time Series Section (DOTSS) along 170oW between 50oS and the Equator."

Lucinda Oliver
5 years ago
Views:

1 2009 RV Southern Surveyor program voyageplan SS Monitoring Ocean Climate Change Around Australia: Deep Ocean Time Series Section (DOTSS) along 170oW between 50oS and the Equator. Itinerary Mobilise Wellington, New Zealand 0800hrs 2 February 2009 Depart Wellington, New Zealand 1000hrs 3 February 2009 Arrive Nuku alofa, Tonga 0800hrs 26 February 2009, resupply and science crew change over Depart Nuku alofa, Tonga 1600hrs 26 February 2009 Arrive Suva, Fiji 0800hrs 24 March 2009 and demobilise Principal Investigators Dr. Bernadette Sloyan, Chief Scientist (Leg 2) CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart bernadette.sloyan@csiro.au Phone: (03) Dr Susan Wiffjels, Alternative Chief Scientist (Leg 1 CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, susan.wijffels@csiro.au Phone: (03) Dr. Bronte Tilbrook, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research

2 Scientific Objectives This project will monitor deep ocean changes via Deep Ocean Time Series Sections (DOTSS) which is Australia s contribution to the International Repeat Hydrography and Carbon Program. Specifically we will reoccupy a full depth ocean section in the Pacific along 170oW from 50oS to the equator with the aim to maintain full depth, high precision hydrographic, carbon and tracer measurements along key sections in the oceans surrounding Australia to monitor circulation and biogeochemical changes on multi-decadal timescales. Station spacing along the section will average about 30nm from 50 S to the equator with close spacing over steep topography. The scientific objectives and significance of the 170oW section are: Maintain a time series of full-depth repeat ocean measurements capable of resolving decadal and longer time scale changes in the circulation and property storage (including heat, freshwater, oxygen and carbon) of the oceans around Australia, from Antarctica to the equator, thus filling the monitoring gap left by Argo and satellite systems. Use these data to test climate model predictions and to determine whether and how fast climate is changing due to the Greenhouse Effect and/or natural decadal variability. Improve our understanding of basic ocean processes and fluxes through collection of full depth direct velocity measurements while conducting the repeat surveys. Repeat full depth hydrographic and carbon sections provide data needed to detect and monitor ocean variability and changes in carbonate chemistry associated with acidification. The global network of sections is providing data on the global partitioning and evolution of carbon storage between the ocean, atmosphere and terrestrial biosphere. The high precision, full depth data, together with other data and numerical models will allow for the detection and attribution of ocean variability and the impact of the ocean on climate variability. Voyage Objectives The voyage objectives will be met by undertaking full depth CTD and Niskin bottle casts that measure salinity, temperature and pressure continuously and the major nutrients discretely. We will be relying on achieving International standard (WOCE) accuracy in order to measure what might be small but significant changes at depth. Water samples (24 per cast) collected by niskin bottles at discrete depth in the water column, will be analysed on board for the full suite of nutrients, dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations (DIC) and alkalinity. Samples will also be collected for carbon isotope analyses. Through collaboration with the PMEL and the University of Washington we will be able to measure chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) concentrations. In addition to the standard rosette, shipboard ADCP will deliver underway direct estimate of velocity data along the voyage track. At the direction of the Chief Scientist the CTD/Rosette will be reconfigured during the voyage to include the LADCP for full water column velocity profiles. 2 VOYAGE PLAN SS12/2008

3 Figure 1: Station position of CTD/ Rosette casts for SS01/2009. The voyage will be divided into two legs with port call at Nuku alofa, Tonga. See Figure 2 and 3 for details of leg1 and leg2. 3 VOYAGE PLAN SS12/2008

4 Time Estimates Time estimates based on a streaming speed of 10 knots. LEG 1 Leave Wellington, and upon reaching waters > 2000m, carry out a CTD test station on day 1. Total number of CTD stations completed: 64 Total number of surface drifter and Argo float deployments: 14 Transit to first station (50S): 3 days, 11hr Transit plus Science steaming time: 12 days, 8 hr (steaming between stations) Science station time: 9 days, 16hr Weather time: 1 day Transit last station to Nuku alofa: 1 day 6 hrs TOTAL TIME LEG 1: 22days 23 hrs PORT CALL: Nuku alofa 0800hrs to 1600hrs LEG 2 Transit Nuku alofa to first station (21.5S): 1 day, 6hrs Total number of CTD stations completed: 63 Total number of Argo float deployments: 4 Transit plus Science steaming time: 14 days, 14hr (steaming between stations) Science station time: 9 days, 20hr Weather time: 0 day 12 hr Transit last station to Suva: 1 day 18 hrs TOTAL TIME LEG 2 : 24 days 22 hrs 4 VOYAGE PLAN SS12/2008

5 Piggy-back Projects The CTD watch will be responsible for these activities. The bridge will be consulted a few days in advance of each of these activities 1) Deployment of 8 Argo floats these will be in international waters or in the waters of nations that have given concurrence to deployment of Argo floats and will be released over the ship s side during the CTD cast, not adding any additional time to the voyage. Floats will undergo transmission tests on the fantail a few days before deployment. Four Australia Argo floats have already been loaded aboard the ship. Four US Argo floats (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) will be loaded on the ship in Wellington. Information about the Argo program can be found at or Ann.Thresher@csiro.au is coordinating the float deployments. Approximate locations for float deployments are indicated in the activity tables below. 2) Deployment of 10 surface drifting buoys for marine meteorology on behalf of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Deployments are quick and simple and will be carried out underway between stations. Drifters will be loaded on the ship in Wellington prior to the transit leg. Ann. Thresher@csiro.au is coordinating the float deployments 3) XBT/CTD intercomparison measurements. Recent analyses suggest that XBT fallrates are changing with manufacturing practices at the XBT factory. Thus, ongoing depth calibrations against CTD casts are required. On this cruise we will aim to drop about XBT probes during a CTD cast roughly every 5 of latitude, pending suitable weather. Thus we will do intercomparisons during only 11 out of the total of 129 CTD stations. The XBT probes will be loaded in Sydney before the transit leg to Wellington, New Zealand. Ann.Thresher@csiro. au and Susan.Wijffels@csiro.au is coordinating the XBT intercomparisons Southern Surveyor Equipment Simrad EK 500 for bottom detection ADCP shipboard Hydrochemistry Lab Wet Lab CTD/hydro winches with 6500m of wire Acoustic Pinger Altimeter CTD (Seabird SBE 911plus, and spares) Rosette 24 bottle 10 litre, and spare part and replacement bottles Dissolved Oxygen sensor Lowered ADCP Milli-Q water supply 5 VOYAGE PLAN SS12/2008

6 User Equipment DIC/alkalinity measurement equipment supplied by Dr. Bronte Tilbrook (CMAR) and; CFC laboratory container supplied by John Bullister PMEL/NOAA, Seattle WA. USA Personnel List List all scientific participants, their affiliation and position on the voyage. Leg 1 Susan Wijffels CMAR Chief Scientist Kail Stewart ANU CTD watch stander Catia Domingues CMAR CTD watch stander Ann Thresher CMAR CTD watch stander Don McKenzie CSIRO MNF CTD watch stander/voyage Manager Nancy Williams PMEL, USA CFC chemist Fred Menzia PMEL, USA CFC chemist Kate Berry CMAR DIC chemist Bronte Tilbrook CMAR DIC chemist Peter Hughes CMAR Hydrochemist Pete Dunn CMAR/MNF MNF Electronics Support Hiski Kippo CMAR/MNF MNF Computing support Dave Terhell CMAR/MNF MNF Hydrochemistry Support Alicia Navidad CMAR/MNF MNF Hydrochemistry Support Leg 2 Bernadette Sloyan CMAR Chief Scientist Maxwell Gonzalez UNSW CTD watch stander Mark Rosenberg ACE CRC CTD watch stander Clothilde Langlais CMAR/UTAS CTD watch stander Rebecca Cowley CMAR CTD watch stander Kate Berry CMAR DIC chemist John Akl CMAR DIC chemist Fred Menzia PMEL, USA CFC chemist Nancy Williams PMEL, USA CFC chemist Peter Hughes CMAR Hydrochemist Drew Mills CMAR/MNF MNF Voyage Manager/Electronics Support Bernadette Heaney CMAR/MNF MNF Computing Support Alicia Navidad CMAR/MNF MNF Hydrochemistry Support Dave Terhell CMAR/MNF MNF Hydrochemistry Support There are 14 personnel in the science party for both leg 1 and leg 2. 6 VOYAGE PLAN SS12/2008

7 As per AMSA requirements for additional berths on Southern Surveyor, the following personnel are designated as System Support Technicians and are required to carry their original AMSA medical and AMSA Certificate of Safety Training on the voyage: Name Drew Mills Pete Dunn Hiski Kippo Bernadette Heaney Alicia Navidad Dave Terhell Don McKenzie AMSA Certificate of Safety Training No. AS02348 AS03164 AS02377 AS02397 AS04836 AS02843 AS02764 This voyage plan is in accordance with the directions of the Marine National Facility Steering Committee for the Research Vessel Southern Surveyor. Bernadette Sloyan Chief Scientist 7 VOYAGE PLAN SS12/2008

Ten surface drifters will be deployed (green squares) and 4 Argo floats (yellow diamonds). Figure 2: Map of Leg 2.

8 Figure 2: Map of Leg 1. Starting port Wellington and end port Nuku alofa. Hydrographic stations will be occupied between 50S and 23S. Ten surface drifters will be deployed (green squares) and 4 Argo floats (yellow diamonds). Figure 2: Map of Leg 2. Starting port Nuku alofa and end port Suva. Hydrographic stations will be occupied between end of Leg1 and the equator. Station at 17S between 170W and 176W will be complete if time permits. Four Argo floats will be deployed. 8 VOYAGE PLAN SS12/2008

9 ACTIVITY PLAN, POSITIONS AND ESTIMATED FINISH TIME FOR LEG 1 CTD No Position Depth(m) ETD Port/Station Wellington / 2/ 3 10: 0: / 2/ 3 15:52: 2 TEST STATION Drifter / 2/ 4 3:40:16 Drifter / 2/ 4 15:32: 8 Drifter / 2/ 5 8:21:35 Drifter / 2/ 5 23:41:25 Drifter / 2/ 6 21:41: / 2/ 6 22:18: / 2/ 7 5: 2: / 2/ 7 12: 5: / 2/ 7 18:55: / 2/ 8 1:49: 5 Drifter / 2/ 8 4:51: / 2/ 8 8: 1: / 2/ 8 13:51: / 2/ 8 20:45: / 2/ 9 3:38:13 Drifter / 2/ 9 10: 5: / 2/ 9 10:49: / 2/ 9 19: 0: / 2/10 3: 1: / 2/10 8:28: / 2/10 12:57: / 2/10 16:54:45 Drifter / 2/10 20: 6: / 2/10 21:25: / 2/11 0:31: / 2/11 5: 9: / 2/11 8:47: / 2/11 11:32: / 2/11 15:38: / 2/11 19:37:22 Drifter / 2/11 23:21: / 2/12 1:22: / 2/12 7: 1: / 2/12 12:49: / 2/12 19: 0:38 Drifter / 2/13 1: 0: / 2/13 1:53: / 2/13 8:28: / 2/13 14:59: / 2/13 23:12: / 2/14 7:25: / 2/14 14: 2: / 2/14 20:49: / 2/15 3:44: / 2/15 10:30: / 2/15 16:18: / 2/15 21:46: / 2/16 3:26: / 2/16 10:20:55 Argo / 2/16 17:21: / 2/16 17:33: / 2/17 0:35: / 2/17 7:29: / 2/17 14:27: / 2/17 21:30: / 2/18 4:43: / 2/18 11:43: / 2/18 18:48:34 Argo / 2/19 1:50: / 2/19 2: 4:14 9 VOYAGE PLAN SS12/2008

10 / 2/19 9: 1: / 2/19 15:55: / 2/19 22:57: / 2/20 5:59: / 2/20 12:39: / 2/20 19:38: / 2/21 2:30:37 Argo / 2/21 9:32: / 2/21 9:44: / 2/21 16:49: / 2/22 0: 1: / 2/22 7: 7: / 2/22 14:21: / 2/22 22:53: / 2/23 7:36:28 Argo / 2/23 14:40: / 2/23 14:57:18 Tonga / 2/25 0:25:28 Number of CTD stations is 64 Number of other deployments is 14 Total ctd time is days Total distance is nm Time at 10 knots is days Total cruise time is days ACTIVITY PLAN, POSITIONS AND ESTIMATED FINISH TIME FOR LEG 1 CTD No Position Depth(m) ETD Port/Station Tonga / 2/26 16: 0: / 2/27 21: 9: / 2/28 4: 8: / 2/28 11:11: / 2/28 18:13: / 3/ 1 1:20: / 3/ 1 7:54: / 3/ 1 13:23: / 3/ 1 20:19: / 3/ 2 3: 0: / 3/ 2 9:56: / 3/ 2 16:39: / 3/ 2 23:21: / 3/ 3 6:13: / 3/ 3 12:58: / 3/ 3 18:40: / 3/ 3 23:36: / 3/ 4 4:22: / 3/ 4 7:50: / 3/ 4 13: 5: / 3/ 4 19:48: / 3/ 5 2:34: / 3/ 5 9:10: / 3/ 5 16: 1: / 3/ 5 22:45: / 3/ 6 5:32: / 3/ 6 15:37: / 3/ 6 20:34: / 3/ 7 3: 6: / 3/ 7 9:35: / 3/ 7 15: 3: / 3/ 7 20: 8: / 3/ 8 8:49: / 3/ 8 15:49:26 10 VOYAGE PLAN SS12/2008

11 / 3/ 8 22:29: / 3/ 9 3:52: / 3/ 9 9: 6: / 3/ 9 14:26: / 3/ 9 19:56: / 3/10 2:54: / 3/10 9:50:53 Argo / 3/10 14:10: / 3/10 17:23: / 3/11 0:26: / 3/11 7:24:47 Argo / 3/11 14:27: / 3/11 14:52: / 3/11 21:47: / 3/12 4:38: / 3/12 11:19:32 Argo / 3/12 18:15: / 3/12 18:40: / 3/13 2:27: / 3/13 8:58: / 3/13 16: 5:54 Argo / 3/13 23:31: / 3/14 0: 0: / 3/14 7: 1:59 Transit to 17S / 3/18 20:35: / 3/19 4:15: / 3/19 11:49: / 3/19 17:29: / 3/19 23:31: / 3/20 6:48: / 3/20 11:15: / 3/20 15:31: / 3/20 21:38: / 3/21 3: 4:30 Fiji / 3/22 22:25:49 Number of CTD stations is 63 Number of other deployments is 4 Total ctd time is days Total distance is nm Time at 10 knots is days Total cruise time is days 11 VOYAGE PLAN SS12/2008

RV Southern Surveyor. program. voyagesummaryss01/2009

RV Southern Surveyor. program. voyagesummaryss01/2009 2009 RV Southern Surveyor program voyagesummaryss01/2009 SS01/2009 Monitoring Ocean Climate Change Around Australia: Deep Ocean Time Series Section (DOTSS) along 170oW between 50ºS and the Equator. Voyage