Eric Mougin & Josiane Seghieri CESBIO. TT members : 20 european teams 6 malian institutions
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1 TT3 EOP integrative studies on the Gourma meso-scale site (Mali) Eric Mougin & Josiane Seghieri CESBIO TT members : 20 european teams 6 malian institutions
2 The AMMA meso-scale sites Gourma Niamey Ouémé
3
4 Gourma mesoscale Site (3 x 1 ) Rainfall 50 mm Bamba local Site (17.1 N, 1.3 W) 100 mm Niger River Hombori Supersite (15.4 N, 1.6 W) 300 mm 350 mm Agoufou local Site (15.3 N, 1.5 W) 450 mm
5 The Gourma landscape Grassland Rocky surface Open forest
6 TT3 EOP Objectives : Quantify water, CO2 and energy fluxes between surface and the atmosphere. We need to : Observe, model and predict temporal and spatial variations of fluxes (ETR) Scale up to the mesoscale integrating physical, biological and hydrological processes and remote sensing. Observe, model and predict plant phenology (i.e. seasonal cycle of LAI, biomass, roots), key issue to get correct fluxes. Same for soil moisture. Also important : Long Term monitoring of vegetation sites (since 1984) Validation and use of satellite products : vegetation parameters (LAI, Cover), and soil moisture (SMOS activities). Coupling of CO2 and water vapor (current vegetation - SVAT models). Biogeochemical C and N cycles. NOx emission, wet and dry surface deposition.
7 Observing strategy : instruments Atmospheric Forcings. Rainfall : network of 8 automatic raingauges (CL.Rain_G) +15 national rainfall stations and manual raingauges. Meteorological variables : Two automatic weather stations (AL.Met_G) Agoufou (15.3 N) and Bamba site (17.1 N).. Atmospheric chemistry: Rainfall chemistry, dry and wet depositions, gaz concentration from IDAF station. - AERONET sun photometer (aerosol optical depth, water vapour content). Other TTs Acoustic sodar (AE.RS_T1) possibly deployed in Hombori 2006 or Niamey GPS stations (AE.GPS_1) in Gao and Tombouctou, Sun photometer in Cinzana (AE.DUST_ST) UHF in Bamako (UHF_BMKO). Other : CLASSICS activities
8 Observing strategy : Instruments Vegetation :. Vegetation phenology: survey of 43 1km x 1km sites distributed along a North- South transect (CE.VegSoil_G).. PAR measurements: Automatic measurements of PAR interception by plant canopies (CE.PAR_Ga?). Ecophysiology and Vegetation/Soil chemical analyses: Stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, leaf gaz exchanges (CE.VegSoil_G) required by models.. CO 2 : Vertical profiles of CO2 in the nocturnal boundary layer (0-200 m altitude) are measured with a tethered balloon (CE.BA.CO2_G), near surface atmosphere.
9 Long Term Monitoring of Vegetation productivity Observations
10 Water cycle Soil moisture: Network of 8 soil moisture profiles (CE.SW_G) + 1 km Transects on vegetation monitoring sites (validation of satellite products like AMSR data).. Water and energy fluxes : 4 flux stations (AE.Flux_G) : grassland on sand dunes, open Acacia forest, rocky surface, and semi-desert (sampling >90 % mesoscale surface). Sap flow measurements: two sap flow stations (CE.Sap_Gh) should be installed. Only way to acces water flux through trees.
11 Observing strategy : LR, HR and VHR Satellite Data August 06, 2005 August 22, 2005 June 05, 2005 July 06, 2005 July 27, 2005 SPOT-HRV
12 Instrument deployment : 90% achieved (July 2005) Form Inst. Code Description exist EF1 AE.GPS_1 GPS stations EF6 AE.Ba.CO2_G Tethered balloon EF7 AE.Flux_G Network of 4 flux stations EF14 CE.SW_G Network of SW stations EF15 CE.VegSoil._G Vegetation studies LF1 AL.Met_G 2 weather stations EF16 CE.PAR_Ga PAR interception station EF17 CE.Sap_Gh Sap flow stations EF30 AE.DUST_ST 1 AERONET Photometer EE? AE.RS_T1 Acoustic sodar LF1 AL.Met_G 2 weather stations LF16 CL.Rain_G 8 recording raingauges LF26 CL.Depot_RW 1 IDAF station - CL.Photometer 1 AERONET Photometer - UHF_BMKO TT1 to be defined Missing : Sap flow station, automatic PAR interception
13 Hombori Supersite (~ 30 x 50 km²) HF Station Rocky surfaces CO2/H20 Flux Station Sand dunes Agoufou Local Site Raingauge Forest CO2/H20 Flux Station Tiger bush Vegetation Site qsdqss
14 (Forcing) Data base : Soil map Spatial resolution Meso-scale : 1 km Supersite : 100m Local site : 10m
15 Forcing Data base : Eco-morpho map Classification into functional units based on vegetation, soil and geomorphology features (derived from HR satellite images)
16 Validation of satellite products AMSR - Soil moisture
17 Validation of satellite products Local intensive site
18 What TT3 would need from SOP Flights with surface surface instruments flying above the Hombori super-site and the mesoscale window - POLDER (SOP 0) / Gourma overpass? - SMOS simulator Flights for surface-atmosphere interactions flying over in situ sites and mesoscale window - turbulent fluxes
19 MERCI
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