Update on GEO Hyperspectral Sounders: GIFTS and GeoMetWatch Storm
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1 14 September 2010 Update on GEO Hyperspectral Sounders: GIFTS and GeoMetWatch Storm Hank Revercomb University of Wisconsin - Madison Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) WMO Commission for Atmospheric Sciences Thorpex ICSC, DAOS Working Group 5 th Meeting UW-Madison, Union South, September 2012
2 14 September 2010 Perspective from recent talk at IRS Status of High Spectral Resolution IR for Advancing Atmospheric State Characterization (Sounding) and Climate Trend Benchmarking: A Period of Both Opportunity Realized and Squandered Squan der, verb, skwändər 1. Waste in a reckless and foolish manner 2. Allow (an opportunity) to pass or be lost University of Wisconsin - Madison Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) International Radiation Symposium 2012, IRS Dahlem Cube, Berlin, Germany, August
3 Summary from IRS LEO Operational Wx: AIRS, IASI, & CrIS Realized, but plan needed for CrIS upgrades GEO Severe Wx: GIFTS/ HES for GOES-R Squandered* (in US), but GeoMetWatch offers a Fix Ground-based Wx Networks: AERI Not Realized Have great Promise Climate Benchmark & Intercal: CLARREO Squandered** (CLARREO delayed indefinitely), but Earth Venture Instrument Proposals (e.g. Zeus) and international collaborations could provide a path *should be in orbit, removed from plans **delayed indefinitely 3
4 Topics Hyperspectral Sounding Background GIFTS: Cancelled in 2006, followed by cancellation of the GOES-R Sounder but IRS proceeding for MTG in 2019 & Chinese advanced sounder planned for 2015 GeoMetWatch: A US Company planning to sell advanced sounder data from STORM, a GIFTS-like, privately funded sensor
5 Hyperspectral Sounding Background High Information Content Clear: Ocean and Desert ε surface N 2 O CO N 2 O H 2 O CO 2 O 3 CO 2 CH 4 Cloudy: Thin ice, Mid-level, High black Many Key Weather & Climate Applications 5
6 High Spectral Resolution IR Proven developments in Radiative Transfer & Inter-Calibration form a solid foundation for sounding, GSICS & climate benchmarking 1986: HIS LBLRTM/GENLN2 1990: HIS AERI (UW/DOE ground-based) 1990s: AERI NIST LBLRTM 2002+: Scanning HIS NIST AIRS kcarta/lblrtm AIRS MODIS, GOES, HIRS 2006: Scanning HIS NAST IASI LBLRTM/kCARTA IASI MODIS, AIRS, 2012: Scanning HIS NAST CrIS LBLRTM/kCARTA CrIS VIIRS, GOES AIRS IASI 6
7 CrIS launched on Suomi NPP Initiating JPSS with EUMETSAT 28 Octovber 2011 Verner E. Suomi NPP VIIRS Image, GSFC 7
8 8 CrIS: 1990/91 Historical Roots EUMETSAT (John Morgan) sponsorship Originated by Bill Smith, in residence at EUMETSAT UW-Madison/SSEC prime, Hank Revercomb, PI Detailed design by SBRC, Bomem DA interferometer Still Chase, Henry Buijs
9 AIRS Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder Grating spectrometer 166 kg, 256 W 13.5 km FOV at nadir, contiguous Launched on NASA Aqua in 2002 IASI 930 JPSS orbit Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer Michelson interferometer 236 kg, 210 W 2x2 12 km FOVs at nadir, non-contiguous Launched on Metop-A in 2006 Full scale model at 2010 IASI meeting Exelis(ITT)/ABB(Bomem) CrIS 1330 JPSS orbit Cross-track Infrared Sounder Michelson interferometer 146* kg, 110 W 3x3 14 km FOVs at nadir, contiguous Launched on Suomi NPP, 28 Oct 2011 * with vibration isolation that was not deployed CrIS the size of HIRS 9
10 Sample 1 st Light spectra (20 January) Overlays for a uniform 3x3 FOR Carbon Dioxide 10
11 Sample 1 st Light spectra (20 January) Overlays for a uniform 3x3 FOR Water Vapor 11
12 Sample 1 st Light spectra (20 January) Overlays for a uniform 3x3 FOR SW N 2 O & CO 2 12
13 Full Resolution SW band from CrIS Early 2013 Downlink planned Note beautiful CO lines Many CO 2 lines for spectral Cal Calibrated with UW/UMBC CCAST thanks to Larrabee Strow 13
14 LEO Operational Wx: AIRS, IASI, & CrIS AIRS: L1B: > 1200 Resolving Power 9 FOV/50km square IASI: L1C:±2 cm OPD Gausian apodized 4 FOV/50km square CrIS: CrIS: Full Resolution starting 2013 ±0.8, 0.4, 0.2 cm OPD unapodized 9 FOV/50km square ±0.8 cm OPD unapodized 9 FOV/50 km square 14
15 Expected Radiometric Uncertainty Shown versus scene temperature for all FOVs for ~mid-band spectral channels FOV to FOV spread in LW and especially MW is due to non-linearity Final inflight uncertainty far better than spec! (< 0.2K 3-sigma, after inflight non-linearity refinement) 15
16 CrIS on Suomi NPP CrIS instrument performance is exceptional Very low noise Very stable and accurate Provides excellent baseline for future upgrades providing Contiguous spectral coverage Higher spatial resolution Water Vapor 24 February, 1580 cm -1 CrIS on Suomi NPP a fitting tribute to Verner Suomi 24 February 2012, 1580 cm -1 16
17 GIFTS (Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer) IASI L1C Gaussian Apodization GIFTS & IRS (EUMETSAT) Deapodized NAST-I 1cm MaxOPD S-HIS AIRS CrIS CrIS AIRS wavenumber *HES option 17
18 Operational Weather Satellites ROLE APPROACH Global NWP. Mesoscale Severe Wx Horizontal POES GPS Limb GOES Imager GOES Sounder = ¼ Wx Sat. role = ½ Severe Wx Sat. role. Vertical Lidar Sounder Not just one in a long list!
19 GEO IR Imaging Sounder capability is unique Polar Sounders: Inadequate temporal coverage GPS: Inadequate spatial resolution and temporal coverage Current GEO Sounder: Vertical resolution 2-3 times lower ABI Imager: Inadequate vertical resolution GEO Microwave: Vertical resolution 2-3 times lower 19
20 GIFTS offered 2 orders of magnitude temporal/spatial resolution improvement OSSE shows 4-5 hours extra warning of severe wx Improvement Factors compared to current GOES - Horizontal resolution = (10km/4km) 2 =6.3 -Vertical resolution = 3 x higher -Temporal coverage = 5.5 x faster 20
21 OSSE of GEO advanced IR sounder for storm Nearcasting True GIFTS/HES/IRS Red = extreme instability Simulated Radar ABI/GOES Sounder like Jun Li, Jinlong Li, Jason Otkin, and Tim Schmit
22 OSSE of GEO advanced IR sounder for storm Nearcasting True GIFTS/HES/IRS Extreme instability indicated Simulated Radar ABI/GOES Sounder like 1300 UTC
23 OSSE of GEO advanced IR sounder for storm Nearcasting True GIFTS/HES/IRS Simulated Radar ABI/GOES Sounder like 1400 UTC
24 OSSE of GEO advanced IR sounder for storm Nearcasting True GIFTS/HES/IRS Simulated Radar ABI/GOES Sounder like 1500 UTC
25 OSSE of GEO advanced IR sounder for storm Nearcasting True GIFTS/HES/IRS Simulated Radar ABI/GOES Sounder like 1600 UTC
26 OSSE of GEO advanced IR sounder for storm Nearcasting True GIFTS/HES/IRS Simulated Radar ABI/GOES Sounder like Start to see extreme instability 1700 UTC in GOES 4 hours later
27 OSSE of GEO advanced IR sounder for storm Nearcasting True GIFTS/HES/IRS Simulated Radar ABI/GOES Sounder like GOES shows extreme instability 1800 UTC 5 hours later, but note false alarms
28 OSSE of GEO advanced IR sounder for storm Nearcasting True GIFTS/HES/IRS Simulated Radar ABI/GOES Sounder like 1900 UTC
29 OSSE of GEO advanced IR sounder for storm Nearcasting True GIFTS/HES/IRS Simulated Radar ABI/GOES Sounder like 2000 UTC
30 OSSE of GEO advanced IR sounder for storm Nearcasting True GIFTS/HES/IRS Simulated Radar Rain line shows in radar 8 hours later 2100 UTC ABI/GOES Sounder like
31 OSSE of GEO advanced IR sounder for storm Nearcasting True GIFTS/HES/IRS Red = extreme instability Simulated Radar ABI/GOES Sounder like GIFTS/HES/IRS provides needed instability and warning information hours earlier than current GOES Sounder (+4-5 hrs) and Radar (+8 hrs)
32 2006! GIFTS Engineering Model Viewed Atmosphere from T/V chamber at Space Dynamics Lab Geosynchronous Imaging FTS AERI Good agreement with AERI 32
33 Lunar Views Demonstrated GIFTS Imaging Capability 33 33
34 GeoMetWatch, a US Company Privately owned commercial data provider offers STORM leveraging GIFTS technology development Oct 2010: Licensed by US Dept. of Commerce for hyperspectral data collection at 6 sites around the world (under the US Remote Sensing Act of 2003) Promises to restore critical data for severe weather forecasting cancelled from GOES-R and much more at a fraction of the cost, in record time! Potential Customers: US, top sovereign governments world-wide, and & commercial enterprises 34
35 Space Dynamics Laboratory Utah State University Space Science & Engineering Center University of Wisconsin STORM SENSOR DATA CENTER See GeoMetWatch.com Users Unprecedented Severe Weather Disaster Mitigation Capability 35
36 Summary GeoMetWatch is moving ahead with the concept of a privately funded advanced sounder named Storm Flight during 2016 is still possible Populating 6 orbital locations is ultimately envisioned
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