The Location and Evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly as Observed by SOLSTICE
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1 The Location and Evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly as Observed by SOLSTICE Laura O Connor (University of Michigan) Mentor: Marty Snow (Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics)
2 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans Outline Background information Description of the region of interest Motivation for the project Introduction to the SOLSTICE Instruments Details of the SOLSTICE Data Data analysis procedures Future plans
3 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans Background Van Allen Radiation Belt Diagram Image Credit: /Education/Iradbelt.html Van Allen Radiation Belt discovered in 1958 Three modes of motion: rotation around the magnetic field lines, drift, bounce Mirroring is determined by the strength of the magnetic field (which is increasingly stronger closer to the Earth s surface)
4 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans Background Region Of Study: South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) SAA is a part of the Van Allen radiation belt Caused by an offset of the Earth s magnetic field Sources say the SAA is moving by 0.28 degrees/year westward and 0.08 degrees/year northward Radiation Belts Image Credit: Introduction to the Space Environment by Thomas F. Tascione
5 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans Motivation All satellites in low Earth orbit are influenced by the South Atlantic Anomaly Instruments and other electronics aboard can be susceptible to the regions high radiation
6 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans Introduction to SOLSTICE SOLSTICE: SOLar STellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment There have been two SOLSTICE experiments, one aboard UARS ( , 600km) and one aboard SORCE (2003-Present, 645km) Each SOLSTICE on SORCE is made up of two Instruments: A (primary mode: Middle Ultraviolet) and B (primary mode: Far Ultraviolet) SOLSTICE observes the Sun, 18 stars, dark regions of space SORCE Spacecraft Image Credit: /sorce/index.htm
7 Introduction to SOLSTICE MUV Detector FUV Detector 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics SOLSTICE Instrument aboard SORCE Image Credit: Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans
8 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans Data Details There are two types of data available from SOLSTICE Inactive Channel Data: SOLSTICE A (FUV Detector) and SOLSTICE B (MUV Detector) from February 4, 2003 to July 1, 2011 Stellar Dark Region Data: SOLSTICE A (FUV Detector) and SOLSTICE B (MUV Detector) dark region data from February 22, 2003 to July 01, 2011 Primary data for this study: Inactive channel data for the SOLSTICE A FUV Detector
9 Data Details 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans
10 Data Details 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans
11 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans Data Analysis Data Collection and Organization Selection of Count Rate Data in 5 Day Intervals Conversion to Geomagnetic Coordinates Average All Data in 5 Day Interval into 1x1 Degree Bins End Result: 360x180 Data Array
12 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans Data Analysis Select 1 Latitude Strip
13 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans Data Analysis Fit Gaussian To Latitude Strip
14 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans Data Analysis Fit 2nd Gaussian To Peaks
15 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans Data Analysis Latitude Extent Center of SAA
16 Longitude (Degrees) Latitude (Degrees) 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans Results Center of SAA: Longitude y = x Time Since 2003 (Years) Center of SAA: Latitude y = x Time Since 2003 (Years)
17 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans UARS UARS SOLSTICE ( ): Stellar Dark Rate Data Extends time of study through two decades No Inactive Channel UARS Spacecraft Image Credit:
18 UARS 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans
19 UARS 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans
20 Longitude (Degrees) Latitude (Degrees) 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans Results With UARS Center of SAA: Longitude y = x Years Center of SAA: Latitude y = x Years
21 Field Strength (nt) 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans Future Directions Magnetic Field Strength at Vassouras y = x Years
22 Future Directions 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans
23 Future Directions 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans
24 Longitude Extent (Degrees) Latitude Extent (Degrees) 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans Future Directions Longitude Extent y = x Years Latitude Extent y = x Years
25 Future Directions 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans
26 Future Directions 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans
27 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans Future Directions Possible correlation between SAA and geomagnetic storms Time Lag radiation in the belts takes a while to build up
28 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans Conclusions The SAA is moving at a rate of degrees/year westward and degrees/year northward The SAA is increasing in extent by degrees/year in latitude and by degrees/year in longitude, when data from UARS is included in the calculation There are possible correlations, to be examined more closely, between the South Atlantic Anomaly and geomagnetic activity, solar cycle and the weakening of the Earth s magnetic field.
29 THANK YOU Any Questions?
30 2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics References Backup Slides References Image Credit: Image Credit: Introduction to the Space Environment, Thomas F. Tascione, Orbit Foundation Serie strivedi, N.B., Pathan, B.M., Schuch, Nelson J., Barreto, M., Dutra, L.G. Geomagnetcic phenomena in the South Atlantic anomaly region in Brazil, Adv. in Space Res., 36 (2005) Badhwar, Gautam D., Drift rate of the South Atlantic Anomaly. Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 102, no. A2, pp , 1997 doi: /96ja03494
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