DIRECT DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EXOPLANETS WITH METIS

Transcription

1 DIRECT DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EXOPLANETS WITH METIS Sascha P. Quanz (ETH Zurich) I. Crossfield (MPIA), M. Meyer (ETHZ), E. Schmalzl (Leiden), J. Held (ETHZ) EXOPLANET OBSERVATIONS WITH THE E-ELT ESO, Garching, 3-6 February 2014 Image credit: BBC

2 DIRECT DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EXOPLANETS WITH METIS SMALL Sascha P. Quanz (ETH Zurich) I. Crossfield (MPIA), M. Meyer (ETHZ), E. Schmalzl (Leiden), J. Held (ETHZ) EXOPLANET OBSERVATIONS WITH THE E-ELT ESO, Garching, 3-6 February 2014 Image credit: BBC

3 WHAT S THE SCIENTIFIC MOTIVATION? Small, close-in planets are ubiquitous Small planet around Alpha Cen B METIS wavelength range probes thermal emission Image credit:. Credit: F. Fressin (CfA)

4 WHAT S THE SCIENTIFIC MOTIVATION? Small, close-in planets are ubiquitous Small planet around Alpha Cen B METIS wavelength range probes thermal emission Image credit: PHL@UPR Arecibo; Dumusque et al. 2013

5 WHAT S THE SCIENTIFIC MOTIVATION? Small, close-in planets are ubiquitous Small planet around Alpha Cen B METIS wavelength range probes thermal emission Des Marais et al. 2002

6 WHAT S THE PERSONAL MOTIVATION? No large space mission on horizon PCS still far away; need for SPHERE experience Significant gain in sensitivity (~D 4 ) Credit: ESA Medialab

7 WHAT S THE PERSONAL MOTIVATION? No large space mission on horizon 2028? 2030? PCS still far away; need for SPHERE experience Significant gain in sensitivity (~D 4 ) Credit:: TMT; BBC

8 WHAT S THE PERSONAL MOTIVATION? No large space mission on horizon PCS still far away; need for SPHERE experience Significant gain in sensitivity (~D 4 ) t λ2 D 4 e (SNR) 2

9 WHAT WAS THE APPROACH? Number of Planets per Star with P < 50 days Planet Radius (R E ) Howard et al. 2012; cf. Fressin et al. 2013; General MC approach: Crossfield 2013

10 WHAT DID WE FIND? 4 REarth METIS L band detections REarth REarth TEq [K] Quanz et al. (submitted)

11 WHAT DID WE FIND? Name Catalog Sp. Type Dist. p L p M p N name [pc] alpha Cen B* HD K1V alpha Cen A HD G2V epsilon Eri* HD K2V epsilon Ind A HD K4V tau Cet* HD G8.5V Proxima Cen HIP M5.5V Gl 166 A HD A K0.5V delta Pav HD G8IV Procyon A HD F5IV-V Gl 887 HD M0.5V GJ 139* HD G8V Gl 825 HD K7V beta Hyi HD 2151 G0V LTT 2364 HD F6V Barnard s Star HIP M4V Quanz et al. (submitted)

12 WHAT ARE THE KEY ASSUMPTIONS? Sensitivities Stars and planets are BBs Albedos Kepler results can be extrapolated Background-limited at 2 /D: 0.04 in L 0.05 in M 0.11 in N Filter L (3.6 m ) M (4.8 m ) N (10.6 m ) Sensitivity 0.27 Jy 2.6 Jy 9.84 Jy

13 WHAT ARE THE KEY ASSUMPTIONS? Sensitivities Stars and planets are BBs Albedos Kepler results can be extrapolated Background-limited at 2 /D: 0.04 in L 0.05 in M 0.11 in N

14 WHAT ARE THE KEY ASSUMPTIONS? Sensitivities Stars and planets are BBs Albedos Kepler results can be extrapolated Background-limited at 2 /D: 0.04 in L 0.05 in M 0.11 in N

15 HOW CRAZY ARE THESE ASSUMPTIONS? How to move the background limit to small separations: Technical progress, e.g., NACO/APP background 5 /D in L band APP coronagraph (Quanz et al. 2010; Kenworthy et al. 2010) AGPM coronagraph (Mawet et al. 2013; Absil et al. 2013) Data analysis progress, e.g., PCA based algorithm (Amara & Quanz 2012; Soumer et al. 2012) Focal plane wavefront sensing (Codona & Kenworthy 2013) Quanz et al. (2010); Kenworthy et al, (2010)

16 HOW CRAZY ARE THESE ASSUMPTIONS? How to move the background limit to small separations: Technical progress, e.g., APP coronagraph (Quanz et al. 2010; Kenworthy et al. 2010) PCA-based PSF subtraction AGPM coronagraph (Mawet et al. 2013; Absil et al. 2013) Data analysis progress, e.g., PCA based algorithm (Amara & Quanz 2012; Soumer et al. 2012) Focal plane wavefront sensing (Codona & Kenworthy 2013) Quanz et al. (2010); Kenworthy et al, (2010)

17 Zsom et al WHAT ABOUT HABITABILITY?

18 WHAT ARE THE TAKE HOME MESSAGES? Nearby, small, warm planets might be within reach of E-ELT METIS in particular in the L band These planets are likely also within reach of other E-ELT instruments (e.g., EPICS) and maybe VLT instruments (e.g., ESPRESSO tbc.) The underlying assumptions need to and will be validated

19 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION Image credit: BBC, ESO