The Solar System and Its Formation:

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1 The Solar System and Its Formation: Kinesthetic Instructional Strategies KeriAnn Rubin Pennsylvania State University

2 Background Information Solar System Formation Construct Map Pre-Instruction Instruction Kinesthetic Accretion Post-Instruction Results Discussion Agenda

3 Background Information Earth and Space Science Partnership (ESSP) Improve: Teacher Content Knowledge Quality of Teacher Instruction Student Academic Achievement Teacher Workshops Learning Progressions Plate Tectonics Solar System Astronomy

4 Background Information The Solar System Astronomy Learning Progression Team Dr. Scott McDonald Science Education Dr. Christopher Palma - Astronomy Dr. Julia Plummer Astronomy/Science Education Alice Flarend Science Education KeriAnn Rubin Science Education Yann Shiou Ong Science Education

5 Solar System Formation (ScienceDaily, 2013)

6 Solar System Formation Next Generation Science Standards The Solar System appears to have formed from a disk of dust and gas, drawn together by gravity. (Achieve, Inc., 2013; National Research Council, 2012)

7 Construct Map Levels of Sophistication Levels Level 7 Level 6 A & B Level 5 Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level Descriptions The Solar System formed from the accretion of microscopic materials such as gas, rock, and/or dust that built up until they were massive enough for gravity to continue accretion at the macroscopic level. The Sun and planets formed from the same initial cloud of dust and gas. Gravity caused the collapse of this material into the Sun and planets. Students description of the force of gravity may include non-normative aspects. The Solar System may have formed after an explosion. The Sun and planets formed from the same initial cloud of dust and gas. The Solar System formed from the accretion of A) microscopic or B) macroscopic materials such as gas, rock, and/or dust. Gravity caused the collapse of this material into the Sun and planets. Students description of the force of gravity may include non-normative aspects. The Solar System may have formed after an explosion. The Solar System formed from materials such as gas, rock, and/or dust (either microscopic, macroscopic, and/or unclear size). The formation included accretion-like processes. Gravity held the Solar System together during formation, but did not cause accretion. The Solar System may have formed after an explosion. At least part of the Solar System formed from materials such as gas, rock, and/or dust (either microscopic, macroscopic, and/or unclear size). Gravity played a role in the formation or maintenance of the whole system, but not in forming the planets. No mechanism is provided for how the material came together to form the planets. The Solar System may have formed after an explosion. Gravity played a role in the formation or maintenance of the whole system, but not in forming the planets. No mechanism is provided for how planets formed from pre-existing material. The Solar System began as an explosion, but gravity played no role in the formation process. No mechanism is provided for how planets formed from pre-existing material. Level 1 The Solar System has always existed, so no formation process occurred.

8 Instruction Week 1: Size/Scale Earth s Rotation/Tilt Week 2: Day/Night Orbits Seasons Week 3: Seasons Sun-Earth-Moon Weeks 4 + 5: Sun-Earth-Moon Moon Phases Eclipses Tides Weeks 6 + 7: Meteors Comets Shooting Stars Asteroids Weeks 8 + 9: Planetary Orbits Asteroid Orbits Ecliptic Weeks : Size/Scale Mass Planet Properties Weeks 12 14: Planetary Orbits Solar System Formation Exoplanets Astronomical Technology

9 Kinesthetic Accretion Modified NASA Lesson Active Accretion: An Active Learning Game on Solar System Origins (Ritsvey & Cobb, n.d.; Nature Publishing Group, 2011)

10 Kinesthetic Accretion To what degree did you include gravity in your description? To what degree did you include the materials that formed the planets in your description? To what degree did you include microscopic accretion in your description? To what degree did you include macroscopic accretion in your description?

11 Results Pre-Levels 7 (0) 6A (0) 6B (3) 5 (2) 4 (2) 3 (4) 2 (3) 1 (7) Post-Levels 7 (8) 6A (8) 6B (3) 5 (0) 4 (2) 3 (0) 2 (0) 1 (0)

12 Discussion How could you assess your students to find out where they are on the construct map? What content would your students need to know before they are ready to engage in this activity? Does this activity advance students along the progression or does it need to be adjusted to support student progression towards more sophisticated explanations?

13 Resources Achieve, Inc. (2013). Next Generation Science Standards (pp. 1 83). ESSP. (2013). Retrieved from National Research Council. (2012). A framework for K-12 science education: Practices, crosscutting concepts, and core ideas (pp.1-385). National STEM Centre. (n.d.). Birth of the Solar System. Retrieved from Nature Publishing Company. (2011). Planetary accretion. Retrieved from a_F1.html PAESTA. (2013). Retrieved from Ristvey, J., & Cobb, W. (n.d.) Active accretion: An interactive learning game on Solar System origins. Denver, CO. ScienceDaily. (2013). Retrieved from /03/ large.jpg

What is it like? When did it form? How did it form. The Solar System. Fall, 2005 Astronomy 110 1

What is it like? When did it form? How did it form The Solar System Fall, 2005 Astronomy 110 1 Fall, 2005 Astronomy 110 2 The planets all orbit the sun in the same direction. The Sun spins in the same